1、词汇表重点词汇讲解与写作训练撰稿：王俊宏 审稿：牛新革 责编：陈玉莲高考词汇表重点词汇讲解insideprep. 在的里面 adv. 在/向里面 adj. 里面的 n. 内部She has many secrets inside her heart.Lets go inside.an inside story 内情the inside of the building 建筑物的内部insistv. 坚持；坚决要求I insist on an immediate answer. （后接 on/upon sth/doing sth）He insisted on going there alone.E
2、xperts insist that steps (should) be taken to prepare for the future. （后接从句时，从句中使用 should 形式的虚拟语气，should 可以省略）He insisted that he had not done anything wrong. （insist 表示“坚持说/认为”时从句中不使用虚拟语气）You may go with us if you insist. （insist 可以用作不及物动词）扩展：insistence n. 坚持inspectvt. 检查；视察，检阅The visiting presiden
3、t inspected the troops.辨析：inspect 视察（通常指上级对下级）examine 检查（侧重其目的是发现问题）detect 检查（侧重探查难以发现的细微之处）inspirevt. 鼓舞；激发；赋予灵感All the audience were inspired by her story.His speech inspired us to try our best to make a change to the world. （inspire sb to do）What he played was a piece of music inspired by dolphin
4、 sounds.扩展：inspiring adj. 鼓舞人的inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的inspiration n . 鼓舞人的人或事；灵感instantadj. 即刻的；速食的 n. 时刻an instant reply 快速回复instant noodles 方便面I couldnt answer for an instant. 我一时答不上来。用法：the instant 一就（用作连词，引导时间状语从句,=as soon as） 。e.g.The instant he arrived, the meeting began.insteadadv. 替代；反而；却He didnt
5、 go there by bus. He went on foot instead.She didnt answer. Instead, she turned and walked away.用法：instead of （接名词、动名词或介词短语） 。E.g.Tom will go there instead of Lucy.He went there on foot instead of by bus.Instead of making big money, he ended up owing a lot.instructvt. 指示；教育Instruct them to wait at t
6、he gate. (instruct sb to do)They havent been instructed when to start the work.She instructs the young men not only in words but also by deeds.扩展：instruction n. 指示；命令；教育；操作指南（常用复数） e.g. follow the teacher s instructions 按老师的说明去做instructive adj. 教育性的intendvt. 打算，想要I intend no harm. 我没有恶意。She intended
7、 the news report as teaching material. (intend as 打算把当作)They intend to study / studying abroad next year. (intend to do / intend doing)I intend you to go with me. (intend sb to do)They intend the building to be a guest house.I intend that you should be invited. （后接从句使用 should 式的虚拟语气）词组：be intended f
8、or 给用的 e.g. This book is intended for beginners.扩展：intention n. 意图intentional adj. 故意的interestn. 兴趣；感兴趣的事；利益；利息 vt. 使感兴趣He lost interest in learning physics. （后接介词 in）Tom shows/feels/takes/has no/not much/a great interest in politics.We should put the interests of the workers before everything else.
9、 我们应该把工人的利益放在首位。History interests him. 词组：a place of interest 名胜take an interest in 对 感兴趣扩展：interested adj. 有兴趣的（接 in 或不定式）e.g. He looked interested in it.interesting adj. 有趣的 e.g. That sounds interesting to us.interruptvt. 打断；中断Dont interrupt the speaker.Traffic was interrupt by floods.辨析：interrupt
10、 打断，使中止disturb 打扰，使不安（不一定中断）intoprep. 进入；成为dive into the water 跳到水中work late into the night 工作到深夜translate it into Englishdivide the class into five groups 辨析：into 为动态介词，和动作连用 e.g. He ran into the house.in 通常用作状态介词 e.g. He is now in the house.introducevt. 介绍（和 to 连用） ；引入；采用Please allow me to introdu
11、ce you to some of our new rules here.Coffee was introduced into this country during the 16 th century.扩展：introduction n. 介绍；引入 e.g. a letter of introduction 介绍信invitevt. 邀请（和 to 搭配）He invited us to his wedding.She invited me to spend a month in her town. (invite sb to do)扩展：invitation n. 邀请；请柬 a let
12、ter of invitation 邀请信at the invitation of 应某人邀请visit China on/upon invitation 应邀访问中国inviting adj . 诱人的involvevt. 使卷入；包含The problem involves all of them.The job involves looking after children.词组：be/get involved in 参与；与有牵连；专心于 e.g.I got involved in the quarrel between them.Jane was involved in workin
13、g out the plan.itpron . 它Is it a boy?Who is it knocking at the door? （指不明性别的人）It is going to rain. （指天气）It is never too late to learn. （作形式主语）I think it necessary to take the books with us. （作形式宾语）It was she who was wrong. （构成强调句式）joinv. 加入；参加；连接Did he join the club/ the army/ the organization?Where
14、 do the two rivers join?注意：join 后接组织、人群； join in 后接活动词组：join sb in sth/doing sth 加入某人一起做某事join to 把和连接起来辨析：join in 侧重加入正在进行的活动attend 强调出席正式的活动，可以表示上学、听讲座等take part in 强调积极参与journeyn. 旅行That was a tiring journey.词组：make/take a journey 旅行go/start/set out on a journey 出发去旅行辨析：journey 侧重长途旅行travel 侧重指旅行
15、的行为trip 通常指短途旅行voyage 指海上或空中航行joyn. 欢乐；乐事He danced for/with joy. 他高兴得手舞足蹈。It was a great joy to me.词组：be wild with joy 欣喜若狂to ones joy 令某人高兴的是 e.g. To our joy we found him alive.judgen. 法官；裁判 v. 判决；判断；认为I acted as a judge in the sports meeting.Who will judge the case?Never judge a book by its cover.
16、 不要以貌取人。The court judged him (to be) guilty. 法院判决他有罪。I cant judge whether he is right or wrong.You may judge for yourself. 你可以自行判断。词组：judge by/from 从判断judging from 据判断（在句子中用作插入语）e.g. Judging from his accent, he is from Shandong.扩展：judgment n. 判断（力） ；判决 justadv. 正好；只是；仅仅；刚才（与进行、将来或完成时态连用） ；尽管；太 adj.
17、公正的Its just what I want.He stayed just for ten minutes.Im just tiredIm just calling you. 我正要给你打电话。He has just come back.The dish is just delicious.a just man 正直的人扩展：justice n . 公正练习：1. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in findi
18、ng2. Last night Mr. Johnson didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friendsand stayed out until midnight.A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet3. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introducti
19、ons4. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly5. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair.A. on B. off C. into D. to6. Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone.A. invented B. di
20、scovered C. found D. explored7. Martin _ me to the New Years party and introduced me to his friends.A. requested B. required C. invited D. demanded8. The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country.A. so B. much C. that D. it 9. Ive read another book this week.Wel
21、l, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. this B. that C. there D. it10. _ felt funny watching myself on TV.A. It B. One C. This D. That11. Everyone though he was _, but in fact he was completely serious.A. laughing B. joking C. tricking D. careless12. If you cant come tom
22、orrow, well _ have to hold the meeting next week.A. yet B. even C. rather D. just13. I have a bad toothache. I will have my teeth _ tomorrow.A. examined B. inspected C. looked D. checked14. Our English teacher insists that we _ an English novel every month.A. will read B. can read C. should read D.
23、must read15. _ the boy saw his mother, he stopped crying.A. The instant B. For the instant C. When the instant D. The instance16. This course _ people who want to improve their spoken English.A. is intended as B. is intended for C. is intended to D. intend for17. You may take with you whatever _ you
24、.A. interested B. interesting C. interests D. to interest18. To achieve a better result of education, the school gets all the parents _ all kinds of activities carried out by it.A. involve B. involved in C. be involved D. involving19. For some reason, this country has decided not to _ the Olympic Ga
25、mes.A. take B. join C. take part in D. participate20. _ from their clothes, they must come from Tibet.A. Judged B. To judge C. Being judged D. Judging答案与解析：1. C insist on doing 坚持做某事2. C instead 作副词用，表示“却” 。3. B instructions 表示“使用说明；操作指南” 。4. A interested 表示人“有兴趣的” 。5. C 6. A invent 发明；discover 发现7.
26、 C8. D it 作形式宾语，for her to get a job 是真正的宾语。9. D it is 和后面的 that 构成强调句式。句意为“或许重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了什么” 。10. A it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 watching myself on TV.11. B joke 用作不及物动词，表示“开玩笑” 。12. D13. A examine 侧重找到问题。14. C insist 后的从句中使用虚拟语气。15. A the instant 可以充当连词使用，引导时间状语从句。16. B be intended for 表示 “是为而设的/ 准备的 ”。17.
27、 C 从句中缺少谓语动词， interest 作动词用，表示“使感兴趣” 。18. B get sb involved in 表示“让某人参与” 。19. C take 后接课程、考试时表示参加；join in 接活动；participate in 接活动。20. D judging from 用作插入语。写作训练高考写作句型之定语从句一一、根据中文提示翻译下列句子，注意定语从句的使用。1. 有些人沉迷于网上冲浪，这对他们的身心健康有害。Some people may _ netsurfing, _ their physical and mental health. 2. 如图所示，雨下得很大
28、。_, its raining very hard.3. 不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。Children _ will gain weight quickly. 4. 在中国,一些城市的发展正逐渐被全世界意识到,而这些城市的数量正在增加。In China, _ is increasing _ is recognized across the world. 5. 许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。One of the most serious problems _ focuses on the lack of adequate housing space.6.
29、他们来到一个里面似乎没有多少鱼的池塘边。 They came to a pond _ to be few fish. 7. 另一边，在过去曾经是操场的地方现在矗立着另一栋楼我们的图书馆。On the other side _our library.8. 我们后来搬到临近的一个城市（a neighboring city）, 在那里住了六年。_9. 他毕业于 2008 年。那年中国举办了奥运会。_10. 她说她晚上的学习效率特高，因为那时候没有噪音干扰。_二、请用定语从句改写下列句子。1. Laughter is rightly called the best medicine as it rel
30、ieves not only the one who laughs, but those around him as well. Laughter，_，relieves not only the one who laughs, but those around him as well. 2. One of the pressing problems facing our nation today is overcoming gaps in urban and rural income levels. 我们国家如今面临的紧迫问题之一是克服城乡收入水平之间的差距。One of the pressi
31、ng problems _ is overcoming gaps in urban and rural income levels.3. Independence offers many advantages. The first and foremost is self-determination.独立带来很多好处，首先也是最重要的是自决。Independence offers many advantages, the first and foremost _ is self-determination.4. The idea is now being questioned by more
32、and more experts.They point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.This idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, _ that it is unhealthy for children _ at home. 5. There is a growing tendency these days for many people living in rural areas to c
33、ome into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。 There is a growing tendency these days for many people _ to come into and work in city,_ in most cities all over the world. 三请指出下列句子中定语从句使用的不妥之处并修改。1. I get a
34、long with others easily which is especially useful for a volunteer.2. The childrens favorite sport which they like most is swimming.3. 我住的旅馆后面有一座花园。I stay at the hotel at the back of which is a small garden. 4. 王珊，女，17 岁，目前就读于北京阳光中学。Wang Shan, a girl who is at the age of 17, is presently attending Y
35、angguang MiddleSchool. which is in Beijing.5. 国家图书馆位于紫竹院附近；那里风景优美。It is just near the Zizhuyuan Park, which has very beautiful scenery. 6. He arrived at Yale where he had been dreaming of going.答案与解析：一、根据中文提示翻译下列句子，注意定语从句的使用。1. be addicted to；which does harm to 2. As we can see/As can be seen in the
36、 picture3. who are not active or whose diet is high in fat 4. the number of cities；whose development 5. that many people talk about6in which there seemed7. On the other side, where there used to a playground, now stands another buildingour library.8. We then moved to a neighboring city, where we liv
37、ed for six years. 9. He graduated in 2008, when the Olympic Games were held in China.10. She said she works with high efficiency at night, when there was not much noise disturbing her.二、请用定语从句改写下列句子。1. which is rightly called the best medicine2. that face our nation today3. of which 4. who point out
38、; who always stay with their parents5. who live in rural areas; which has caused wide public concern三请指出下列句子中定语从句使用的不当之处并修改。1. 在 easily 后加“,”因为后面是非限制性定语从句，which 指代主句整句的内容。2. 删掉定语从句“which they like most”。因为它没有提供新的信息，和“favorite ”意义重复。3. 改为 There is a small garden at the back of the hotel where I stay.
39、 原中文句子的意义重心在于“有一座花园” ，主要内容一般要放在主句中表达。4. 改为 Wang Shan, a girl aged 17, is presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School.两个定语从句的内容均可使用更简练的结构表示，比如介词短语。原英文句子显得拖沓。5. 改为 The National Library, near the Zizhuyuan Park, has very beautiful scenery. “风景优美”应置于主句中予以强调。6. Yale 后加“,”因为 Yale 是专有名词，后面的从句应该为非限制
40、性定语从句。写作练习假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为响应绿化祖国的号召，你班四月十二日去郊区植树，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍植树活动的全过程，给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”为题的英文稿件。注意：词数不少于 60 提示词：郊区 the suburbsOne possible version ：Green Action in Our ClassApril 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morn
41、ing, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes. Some were carrying and planting young trees. Others were watering them. After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
