1、Vocabulary1.individuals,characters, folks 替换(people ,persons) 2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换 eg.An army of college student
2、s indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换
3、many. 注：用 many, if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理 用most, if not all ,替换 most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换 some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowled
4、ged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 7:affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits ) 10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasi
5、ngly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly 13beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very 16.hardly necess
6、ary, hardly inevitable . 替换unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb ， sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 18.capture ones attention 替换 attract ones attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere 代 aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of
7、代indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth 23.desire 替换 want. 24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换 remember 26. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思 ) 27. interaction 替换
8、communication 28.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替换 nearly / almost impossible第一段一般只写三句第一句：It is widely believed that by many people for some time that .第二句：One reason they think is th
9、at.第三句：The ohter reason they hold is that.第二段一般只写三句第一句：While others argue that .第二句：They maintain that.第三句：They also claim that.第三段写四句第一句：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that .第二句：On the one hand, .第三句：On the other hand, .第四句：Only in this way can we .图表作文第一段只写三句第一句：
10、As is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto第二句：The first years saw第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只写四句第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally,第三段只写四句第一句：How to solve the problem
11、 has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.现象作文第一段只写两句第一句：In recent years, there has been第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二段只写四句第一句：What has caused this problem? It see
12、ms to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally,第三段只写四句第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.书信作文第一段只写两句第一句：I am writing this letter today to 第二句：My na
13、me is and I am 第二段按照题目要求写：第三段只写三句第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideration.谚语作文第一段只写四句第一句：It is that 第二句：You cannot until you 第三句：The more you , the more 第四句：If you , you 第二段举例写第一句：Exampl
14、es can be easily found to make a case for this proverb.第二句：Let s take for instance.第三句：第四句：Another illustration of this is英语写作常见错误与分析一 不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等例 When one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析：one 是单数第三人称，因而本句的 have 应改为 has ;同理，wa
15、nt 应改为 wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致改为： Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)二 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点大家往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better 位置不当，应置于句末The present situation the p
16、eople present People most most people 三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例 There are many ways to know the society, for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
17、”不是一个完整的句子仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明 ” 谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是 my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了改
18、为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例 To do well in college, good grades are essential.A new technique having been worked out, the yieds increased by 20%剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.五词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词
19、用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等Like lack lack of lack = be lack of 例 None can be negative towards the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money.六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wa
20、nted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例 1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词 we 和反身代词 yourself 指代
21、不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫 run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例 There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn a
22、bout the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside worldI want to join you, and however, I am so busy this afternoon.I came to see him. he was not in.I left disappointedly. 八 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)例 The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agr
23、iculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把 obstacles“障碍” ， “障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use ( 不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use ( 滥用)” 。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollutionIn China, mother is the main fosterer of children, whi
24、le father is a part forsterer. In China, mother plays a main role in bring up children, while father only assistant supportive Foster cultivate bring up raise Principal principle angel angle 九 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：Actually= in fact= as a matter of f
25、act =there is always exsiting a fact that In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.例 For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可
26、以大大简化。改为： language thinking way culture Diligent and kind people use money only to buy what they need.十 不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例 The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的 it 不连贯。It 与 things 在数方面不一致。改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一 综合性语言错误(Com/ pre/ hen/ sive Misusage) Com- prehensive compr-ehensive 所谓“综合性语言错误” ，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误
