1、2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第五十一讲 同位语从句适用学科 英语 适用年级 高三年级适用区域 人教版 课时时长（分钟） 60 分钟知识点1.同位语从句的概念 2.同位语从句的引导词3.同位语从句与定语从句的区分 4.同位语从句中应该注意的考点教学目标 让学生了解同位语从句的考点，并学会练会高考题教学重点 1.同位语从句的引导词 2.同位语从句与定语从句的区分 教学难点 同位语从句中应该注意的考点及同位语从句的引导词的选用教学过程一、 课堂导入：教师读句子，让学生跟读：1、They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists
2、 of atoms.2、We were very excited at the news that our team had won.3、I have not idea when Chaplins film will be on again.4、The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.5、Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock. 二、复习预习教师出示上节课预留的练习题，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，根据学生实际
3、情况进行讲解分析；以提问、回顾的形式引导学生复习上节课内容；通过上面的句子导入本节课所要学习的同位语从句的知识点。三、知识讲解知识点 1 ：同位语从句的概念1、复习同位语的涵义同位语（the Appositive） ，是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，解释说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。例如：(1) Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (名词)(2) I myself will do the experiment. (代词)(3) She is the oldest among them six. (数词)(4) My
4、 sister, a beautiful and sweet girl, will get married tomorrow. (名词性短语)概 念 ： 同位语是指对先行词起进一步解释说明的成分，如果这个同位语由一个从句来充当，则该从句就称之为同位语从句。在同位语从句中，需要使用陈述句语序。如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new teacher is true.考点：同位语从句中，要使用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。如：I have no idea what he wants to do next.注意： 同位语从句的先行词一般都是表示抽象概念的名词，
5、如：reason, excuse, question, problem, idea, fact, story, promise, truth, suggestion, advice, request, news ,ask, order, reply, thought, report 等。如：He has given me a promise that he will spent the summer holiday with me.知识点 2：同位语从句的引导词常用引导词连词：that，whether连 接 代 词 what, who, whom, whose, which连 接 副 词 wh
6、en, where, how, why 注 意 ： if 不 可 以 引 导 同 位 语 从 句 。1、 由 that 引导的同位语从句We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise t
7、o do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。【注意 1】在某些名词(如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：They were faced with the demand
8、that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be al
9、lowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 由 whether 引导的同位语从句There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。Answer my question
10、whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但 if 不能引导同位语从句。3、由连接代词引导的同位语从句Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?Fr
11、om 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从 1985 年到 1990 年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。4、由连接副词引导的同位语从句I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it
12、. 那是一个他如何做的问题。He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!知识点 3：同位语从句与定语从句的区分同位语从句与定语的从句的区别。如：The news that he told me yesterday is true. （定语从句） The news that our team has won is true. （同位语从句）在以上两句中，名词都是 the news，其后的系表结构也都是 is true，但 that 所引导的从句却截然不同。很明显，在第一句
13、中，从句 that he told me 对 the news 起修饰限定作用，且 that 在从句中充当宾语，所以这个从句是定语从句；而第二句则不然，that our team has won 起解释说明 the news 的具体内容的作用，且 that 在从句中不作成分，因此这个从句是同位语从句。1、意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的
14、内容就是 that he will come，故 that 引导的是同位语从句 )We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个 news 而不是其他的 news，故 that 从句为定语从句)2、引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3、引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语
15、。如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。知识点 4：同位语从句中应该注意的考点当同位语从句解释说明的名词是表示建议、命令的词（如 suggestion, proposal, order, demand 等）时，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should)+ 动词原形，should 可以省略：如： He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. The suggestion that we (should) develop the natural resources
16、 in the region has been discussed.四、例题精析【例题 1】The notice came around two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed.Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow【答案】B【解析】句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午 2 点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引导的从句_the meeting would be postponed 说明的是主语 the notice 的内容，即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词 the notice 被主句谓语部分 came around t
17、wo in the afternoon 分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加 when 或 how 作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用 whether，故选 B 项。【例题 2】Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere【答案】C【解析】句意：现代科学已经提供了明确的证据，吸烟能引发多种疾病。smoking can lead to many diseases 作名词 evidence 的同位语从句，解释 evidence
18、 的具体内容，而且同位语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，因而选择不作任何成分也没有任何意义的 that 来引导。【例题 3】When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A. since B. which C. that D. because【答案】C【解析】本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_ the war broke out 作 news 的同位语，不缺少任何成分，用 that 引导。 【例题 4】I have no idea _the journalist could have got his in
19、formation from.Athat Bwhy Cwhich Dwhere【答案】D【解析】根据语意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息” 可知，此处应用where 引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，所以这里选D项。五、课堂运用【基础】1The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat【答案】A 【解析】句意：在会议上，是否有足够的资金能够用于研究的问题被提出。whether引导同位语从句解释question，符合语意。2His pr
20、omise _he would give away half of the years income to the disabled turned out a lie，_made the public feel cheated.Awhich； what Bthat；whichC what；which Dwhich；that【答案】B【解析】句意：他把年收入的一半捐赠给残疾人的诺言最后变成了一个谎言。that 引导同位语从句解释 promise。第二空引导定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，因此用 which。3 There is a new problem involved in the pop
21、ularity of private cars_road conditions need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving【答案】A【解析】本题选 A。去掉空格前的 involved in the popularity of private cars 可知空格前的名词 problem与空格后的从句属于同位语从句关系；又因为从句中的主语 road conditions 是物，谓语需用 to be improved 或 improving 形式表被动关系。
22、【巩固】1、Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. where C. because D. that 【答案】D【解析】本题题干中的介词短语 for being absent from the class 去掉后，空格前的名词与空格后的从句是解释或说明关系，且引导词不作从句的成分，故本题选 D。2、Nobody would stand out admitting the fact，for some reason，
23、they lost the game.A.that B.which C.what D.why 【答案】A【解析】去掉题干中的插入部分 for some reason 及其前后的两个逗号，这样，空格前的名词与空格后的从句是解释或说明关系，且引导词不作从句的成分，故本题选 A。3、A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(06 安徽)A.if B.when C.that D.which【答案】C【解析】答案 C。that 引
24、导同位语从句，解释 a warm thought 的具体内容。that 只起连接作用，但不能省略。【拔高】1、Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where【答案】C【解析】本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句 the party is to be held 作 idea 的同位语， 根据自己意思“你知道聚会在哪里举行吗” ，从句中缺少地点状语，故选择 D。2、News came from the school office _W
25、ang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C【解析】考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University作 News 的同位语，且从句中不缺少任何成分，用 that 引导。3、The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though【答案】C【解析】本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years 作 fact 的同位语，不缺少任何成分，用 that 引导。课程小结本节课主要围绕宾语从句的五大考点进行讲解，即：1、同位语从句的概念 2、同位语从句的引导词3、同位语从句与定语从句的区分 4、同位语从句中应该注意的考点学生应该掌握并灵活地运用这些知识。
