1、直接引语与间接引语学案由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化时态变化人称变化状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句）直接引语时态 间接引语时态一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时一般过去时 过去完成时He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sunMr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”M
2、r. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ”She said they had left when she arrived there.She says, “Miss liu is good at English.”She says Miss liu is good at English.He said, “ Where there is a will,there is a way. ”He said that where there is
3、a will,there is a way. He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.“I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree.”He told the police.He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.”He told the police.注意主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从
4、句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时。直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况当直接引语是客观真理时。当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。当直接引语是过去完成时态时。当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。人称变化直接引语代词I we you me us this these间接引语代词 he/she they I him/herthem that thoseHe said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to
5、 me,“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book 直接引语中的状语 间接引语中的状语now thenago before/earliertoday that daythis morning/this week that morning/weekyesterday the day beforeyesterday morning the morning beforetomorrow the next day/the following daylast week/month the week/ month
6、 beforenext week/month the following/ next week/monthhere thereShe said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before.She said to me,”I will see her next week.”She told me she would see her the next week.句型变化直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连
7、词 that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用 say、tell 等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化“Im tired,”he said.He said (that) he was tried.Jim said, “Ive read Tony s book and I didnt understand it.”Jim said (that) he had read Tony s book and he didnt understand it.直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面相应
8、变化外，还应注意：间接引语应改为陈述语序。特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词 whether(或 if)。“Is there something wrong,Madam?”asked the policeman.The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was something wrong.She asked, “What it is? Whats going to happen now?”She asked what it was and what was going to happen
9、then.“Its Mary,isnt it?”asked Jane.Jane asked whether it was Mary.“Is it Mary or Lucy?”asked Jane.Jane asked whether it was Mary or Lucy.注意Whether 可与 or not 连用, 表示一种选择。而 if 则不可。He wants to know whether or not we went to dinner.当疑问词作主语时，间接引语的语序不变。“Whats the matter with you?”said the docotor.The docot
10、or asked whats the matter with me.直接引语和间接引语练习I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League m
11、ember?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getti
12、ng alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told
13、 me; not to do6. Can you make sure _?A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _?A. where is her address B. in which place is her addressC. what her address is D. the place her address is8. Exc
14、use me, but can you tell me _?A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how would I like B. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like D. which I would l
15、ike10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn II. 将下列句子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next mon
16、th, children”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him, “Its time that you left here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to
17、 his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st , 1921.”9. He said, “Are you a student?”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help, i
18、snt she?” he asked.12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.16. “Plea
19、se come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.18. “Dont make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.19. “What a lovely day it is!”20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.III. 把下列句子变为直接引语： 1. I told him that I had lost my money and
20、that I would find it.2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.5. The stranger asked me what my name was.6. She said that she would finish he
21、r work the next day.7. The teacher asked if we could do it.8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.答案I. 15 B C C D D 610 A C D C AII. 1. His father told him that he should be more carefu
22、l the next time.2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.3. Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days.4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5. She told him that it was t
23、ime that he left there.6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was foundedon July 1st, 1929. He asked whether I was a student.10
24、. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.12. The father asked his son where he was going.13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the
25、 station two hours before.15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.17. He offered to pack the parcel for me.18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.19. He/ She exclaimed that i
26、t was really a lovely day.20. He wished me a Happy New Year.III. 1. I said to him, “I have lost my money. I will find it.”2. She asked, “You will be free tomorrow, wont you?”3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?”4. His father said, “Dont climb this high tree in your new coat.”5. The stranger asked, “Whats your name?”6. “Ill finish my work tomorrow,” she said.7. The teacher asked, “Can you do it?”8. The commander ordered his men, “Dont cross the river before dawn.”9. My teacher asked, “Is he coming?”10. The scientist asked me, “What are you doing?”
