1、学大教育1第十六章 祈使句、感叹句I.祈使句高考试题传真1._it with me and Ill see what I can do.(1998)A.When left B.Leaving C.If you leave D.Leave2._him and then try to copy what he does. (1999)A.Mind B.Glance C.Stare at D.Watch3.-Alice,you feed the bird today,_?-Yes.But I fed it yesterday. (1999)A.do you B.will you C.didnt yo
2、u D.dont you4._some of this juice-perhaps Genll like it. (2000,春季)A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried5._your coat at once.We must hurry.(1989)A.Wear B.Wearing C.Put on D.Putting on6._blood if you can and many lives will be saved(2001,上海春)A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give祈使句式句子中类中一个重要的分支,用来表示请求、命令、劝
3、告、号召和警告等口气。(一)考点归纳与讲解1考查祈使句的一般用法1)_at the door before entering, please.(2001,春季京皖蒙卷)A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock2)_some of this juice-perhaps youll take it.(2000,春季京皖卷)A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried3)_! There is a train coming.(1990)A.Look out B.Look around C.Look forward D.Look at讲
4、解:答案 1.D、2.B、3.A。以上各题分别考查的是祈使句的一般用法,即:主语省略、动词原形开头、句末用叹号或句号,用以表示请求、命令、劝告等。2考查祈使句的反疑问句的用法4)Dont smoke in the meeting room, _?(1991)A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you5)-Alice,you feed the bird today,_?-Yes.But I fed it yesterday. (1999)A.do you B.will you C.didnt you D.dont you讲解:答案 4.B,5.B。祈使句的
5、反意疑问句形式常用 will you或 wont you,但有时祈使句中再现主语 you,用以强调对方语气更重,其否定结构 dont一般置于句首,即主语之前,但不论肯定形式,还是否定形式,反意问句形式通常用 will you。教你巧学巧记:祈使句何时带主语?普通的祈使句的主语往往不表现出来,但上述第 5小题却是个带主语的祈使句。那么祈使句何时带主语呢?一、当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。如:You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.你擦窗户,你(指另一个人)拖地板。You go over there and si
6、t next to Tom,while he and I stay here.你到那里坐在汤姆旁边,我和他留在这里。二、当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时,如:You take care when you cross the road.你过马路时要小心。You speak first.你先讲。You listen to me.你听我说。You be careful.你要仔细点。三、当祈使句以 Dont开头又要加重语气时。如:Dont you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再捣乱。Dont you be late again next ti
7、me.你下次不要再来晚了。四、当祈使句的主语是 someone,somebody,everyone,everybody 等泛指第三人称时。如:Someone open that window.来个人把那扇窗户打开。Everybody be here at7:30. 大家 7:30到这里。学大教育2五、当说话人有急躁或厌烦等情绪时。如:You do it right away.你立刻做这件事You mind your own business,and leave this to me.你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。六、当祈使句谓语部分有副词 up,down,in,out,off,away 等,且
8、这些副词置于句首时。如:In you jump! 你跳进去吧!Out you come。请你出来。由此可见,第 5小题当属于第二种情况。3考查祈使句的简略答语形式5)-Write to me when you get home.-_.(2001春季京皖蒙卷)A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can讲解:答案 5.C。在回答祈使句时,肯定或否定形式常用 will或 wont。4考查利用短语表达祈使概念6)Dont all speak at once! _,please.(1994)A.Each at once B.Only by one timeC.One for
9、 each time D.One at a time讲解:答案为 D。一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句可省略动词,只保留:名词短语;介词短语;名词代词副词形容词;形容词名词代词;副词with 等。例如:Patience! 耐心点!Your turn. 轮到您了。After you! 您先请!Now for it! 干起来吧!On with your cap. 带上帽子。5考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构的用法7)One more week, _well accomplish the task.(1999年上海)A.or B.so that C.and D.if讲
10、解:答案为 C。 “祈使句and/or陈述句”是一个固定句型。有时为了表达得简洁,祈使句部分常用名词短语来表达。在这个句型中,前边的祈使句相当于 if引导的条件句。例如:Try it again(=If you try it again), and youll succeed.One more word,and Ill get angry with you Another week,and the railway station will be completed教你巧学巧记:巧妙确定“祈使句+陈述句”的连接词在“祈使句+陈述句”这种句型中,祈使句和陈述句之间要用连接词。其连接词共分两类:第一
11、类:and,then,and then。意思是“就” 、 “那么 (就)” 、 “(刚)才” 。第二类:or,or else,otherwise。意思是“否则” 、 “要不” 、 “不然的话” 。什么时候用第一类连接词,什么时候用第二类连接词呢?有一种方法可以帮助我们作出迅速而准确的决定。请先比较下面三组例句:(l)Come early,and youll catch the first bus.早点来,你就能赶上第一班汽车。Come early,or youll miss the first bus. 来早点,不然的话,你就赶不上第一班汽车。(2)Use your head,then you
12、ll find a way.开动脑筋,那么你就会找到办法。Use your head,or else you wont find a way.开动脑筋,否则,你就找不到办法。(3)Work hard,and then you wont fail.努力干你才不会失败。Work hard,otherwise,youll fail.努力干,要不,你会失败的。上述三组第一句中的陈述句,都表示按祈使句去做的话,所产生的顺应结果,即令人愉快的后果。而三组第二句中的陈述句,都表示不按祈使句去做所得到的逆反结果,即产生令人不快甚至危险的后果。由此可见:凡陈述句表示的是人们所希望的后果时,就有 and,then
13、 或者 and then;凡陈述句表示的是人们所不希望的后果时,就用 or,or else 或者 otherwise。也可以用一句顺口溜来帮助记忆:学大教育3选择连接词,只看陈述句。and叫人心欢畅,or 的后果不好尝。6考查由 lets引导的祈使句的反意问句的用法8)Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?(MET1990)A.wont we B.will we C.dont we D.shall we讲解:答案为 D。lets 引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用 shall we。但 let us引导的祈使句不包括听话者本人在内,表示请求,
14、反意问句要用 will you。例如:Let us know whether you have difficulty,will you?告诉我们你们是否有困难,好吗?教你巧学巧记:以 lets开头的祈使句,在确定其简略问句的时候,你可以这样记忆:有“ ”则 we,无“ ”则 you。7考查“why not动词原形”结构表示祈使概念的用法9)-I usually go there by train.-Why not_by boat for a change?(MET1992)A.to try going B.trying to goC.to try and go D.try going讲解:答案
15、为 D。 “why not动词原形 ”为“Why dont you do sth.?”的另外一种表达方式,表示用以委婉提出建议,与其相类似表达祈使句概念的句型还有:Youd better/best+do sth. 例如:Youd better go to school early tomorrow. 明天你最好早点去上学。(二)祈使句相关知识提示1在肯定的祈使句中,有时为了加强语气,可在动词之前加 do。例如:Do give my regards to your parents.请务必代我向你的父母问好。2祈使句也可用第三人称作主语。例如:Dont anyone open the window
16、.任何人都不要开窗户。3祈使句可以用被动形式Dont be cheated by what he said.不要被他说的话所欺骗。4用“No名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。例如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!5用“have done”结构表示祈使,意为“禁止” 、 “结束” 。例如:Have done scolding him. 不要再责备他了。6用“be现在分词”结构表示祈使。例如:Dont be looking out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外!II.感叹句高考试题传真1._we have today!(1983)A.A fine we
17、ather B.What a fine weatherC.How a fine weather D.What fine weather2.Oh,John._you gave us!(1990)A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise3._food youve cooked!(1991)A.How a nice B.What a nice C.How nice D.What nice4._terrible weather weve bee
18、n having these days! (1992)A.How a B.What a C.How D.What5._from Beijing to London!(1993)A.How long way it is B.What a long way is itC.How long way is it D.What a long way it is感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情色彩的句子。感叹句由感叹词 how和 what引导,句末用感叹号。1)带有 how的感叹句。用来感叹形容词、副词或动词。例如:(1)How形容词主语谓语!How happy he is! 他是多么的幸福啊!How
19、 exciting he became when he heard the news!学大教育4当他听到这个消息时,他是多么的激动!How beautiful the West Lake is! 西湖是多么的美丽啊!(2)How副词主语谓语!How hard he is working now!他现在工作得多么的努力呀!How slowly he runs! 他跑得多么慢呀!(3)How主语动词!How her mother worried! 她母亲是多么地担心啊!How he enjoys collecting stamps! 他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!2)带有 what的感叹句。用来感叹名词,
20、被感叹的名词既可以是可数名词(单数形式或复数形式) ,也可以是不可数名词。例如:(1)What a/an(形容词)单数名词谓语!What a fine day it is! 天气多么好啊!What an interesting story it is!它是多么有趣的一个故事啊!What an honest boy he is!他是一个多么诚实的孩子呀!What a beautiful day it was and how happy I was!天是多么的好, 我是多么的高兴啊!(2)What(形容词)复数名词谓语!What funny stories they are! 他们是多么可笑的故事
21、啊!What beautiful colours they are! 它们的颜色是多么的漂亮啊!What terrible earthquakes they are! 多么可怕的地震啊!(3)What(形容词)不可数名词谓语!What great progress he has made!他取得了多么大的进步呀!What terrible weather we met!我们那时遇到了多么可怕的天气啊!教你巧学巧记:我们在实际的运用中,只记住“what 之后接名词,how 之后接形容词或副词”这句话是不够的,认真比较这些句型,发现运用“逆推法”可快速准确地辨别感叹句的引导词。“逆推法”:即从一个
22、句子的结尾往该句的开头看。下面以举介绍具体步骤如下:_ bright girls they are!A. What B. What a C. How D. How al.找谓语动词 谓语动词通常是连系动词、行为动词及其他的助动词等所有动词。如:_bright they are!中的谓语动词是连系动词 are。2.找主语,划竖线 找谓语动词的目的是找主语,谓语动词之前的名词或代词即是该句的主语,并在主语之前划两条竖线。如: _bright girls/they are!中谓语动词 are之前的代词 they是主语。在主语 they之前划“/”线。3.判别竖线之前单词的词性 这一步是关键,判别该词
23、的词性是名词还是形容词、副词。如:_bright girls/they are!之前的词是名词 girls。4.确定引导词 如果竖线之前的词是形容词、副词则用 how引导;如果该词是名词,则不论名词前是否有形容词都直接用 What引导 (只有单数可数名词用 Whata/an引导)。如:_bright girls/they are!中竖线前的 girls是名词(且不是单数),尽管前面有形容词 bright也不能用 how。此外,如果运用“逆推法”找不到该句谓语动词,说明该句主语和谓语都被省略,这时只要判断该句最后单词的词性即可按上述方法进行判定。如例 4中的主语和谓语都被省略,最后一个词 wea
24、ther是不可数名词,直接用 what引导。巩固性练习:1._this book and tell me what you think of it.(MET1990)A.Look through B.Look on C.Look into D.Look up2.-Alice,you feed the bird today, _?-But I fed it yesterday.(NMET1999)A.do you B.will you C.didnt you D.dont you3.-Please dont make a noise.-_.(MET1992)A.I dont B.I wont C
25、.No,I wont D.Yes,I will学大教育54._down the radiothe babys asleep in the next room. (NMET93)A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn5._he has sent us!A.What nice gift B.How nice giftC.What a nice gift D.How a nice gift6._good information it is!A.How B.What C.How a D.What a7._exciting the film is!A.What B.How
26、 C.So D.How much8._the farmers worked last summer!But the crops were still poor because of the floods.A.How B.How diligent C.What D.How careful9._pity!I hope you will return one day.A.How B.What C.How a D.What a10.When we went there,the girls were singing._it was!A.What lovely song B.How lovely songC.What lovely a song D.How lovely a song11._she is!A.What a pretty girl B.How pretty a girlC.How pretty girl D.both A and B12._lovely boys they are!A.What a B.What C.How D.both B and C参考答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D 11.D 12.B