1、专题三 介词和介词短语语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -2-高考感悟 考点归纳 .单句 语法 填空1.(2018全国 卷 )I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.2.(2018北京卷 )Good morning,Mr.Lee s office.Good morning.I d like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon.3.(2017全国 卷 )It allowed people t
2、o avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -3-高考感悟 考点归纳4.(2017全国 卷 )After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. 5.(2017江苏卷 )Determining where
3、 we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 6.(2016全国 卷 )Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 7.(2016全国 卷 )In India,for example,most people traditionally eat with their hands.8.(2016四川卷 )The mother continued to
4、 care for the young panda for more than two years.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -4-高考感悟 考点归纳 .单句改错1.(2018全国 卷 )They also had a small pond which they raised fish.在 which前加 in或将 which where2.(2018全国 卷 )At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,and he agreed
5、.去掉 for3.(2017全国 卷 )It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.on of4.(2017全国 卷 )They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉 for语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -5-高考感悟 考点归纳考点一 表示时间和日期的介词1.in用在表示年、季节、月份 ,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前 ;on用在表示某一天 ,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前 ;at用在表示某一时刻或时间
6、上的某一点的词前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday.2.for后接 “一段时间 ”,表示某事持续多久 ,多与完成时连用 ;during表示 “在 期间 ”;through表示 “一直 , 自始至终 ”。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.I went to France during the summer holiday.They worked hard through the winter.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂
7、巩固核心考点 -6-高考感悟 考点归纳3.from,sincefrom表示时间的起点 ,意为 “从 ”, 多用于 “from.to/till.”中;since表示 “自从 以来 ”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon.Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec.,2015.注意 for和 since都常与完成时连用 ,但 for接时间段 ,since接时间点。如 for two hours(持续 )两小时 ;since last week从上周直到现在。语法专题突破 专
8、题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -7-高考感悟 考点归纳4.before,by,till,untilbefore指 “在 之前 ”,与 after相对。 by指 “不迟于 ,到 时为止 ,在 以前 ”,by后接过去时间 ,常与过去完成时连用 ;by后接将来时间 ,常与将来完成时连用。 till/until“直到 为止 ”,在肯定句中 ,till/until必须与延续性动词连用 ;在否定句中 ,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。Please come before ten oclock.September 30 is the day by which you must p
9、ay your bill.You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -8-高考感悟 考点归纳5.after,inafter+一段时间 :表示 “在 之后 ”,用于一般过去时 ;但时间为点时间时 ,只能用 after,即 after+点时间 ,用于各种时态。in+一段时间 :表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后 ,与一般将来时连用 ;但表示 “在 之内 ”时 ,用于各种时态。After eight it began to rain.Jane is in a hurry because the tr
10、ain to the airport leaves in half an hour.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -9-高考感悟 考点归纳考点二 表示方位的介词1.on意为 “在 的上面 ”;over意为 “在 ( 垂直 )的正上方”;above意为 “在 ( 不一定垂直 )的上方 ”;under意为 “在 ( 垂直 )的正下方 ”;below意为 “在 ( 不一定垂直 )的下方 ”;near意为 “在 附近 ”;next to意为 “紧挨着 ”;round/around 意为 “在 周围 ”;by意为 “在 旁边 ”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等 ;ac
11、ross主要表示从某物的表面 “横过 ”,涉及 “面 ”的概念 ;past意为 “从 旁经过 ”;up表示向上 ,由南到北 ,由西到东 ,由沿海到内陆 ,由小地方到大地方 ,由农村到城市 ,反之则用 down;through指从某物的内部 “穿过”;over指 “越过 ”某一障碍物。Pipes carry oil across the desert.It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -10-高考感悟 考点归纳2.表示两者的位置关系时 ,in表示 “在同一区域内或同
12、一范围内”;on表示 “接壤 ,相邻 ”;to表示 “相离 ,相隔 ”,两者不属同一范围 ,也不接壤。Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -11-高考感悟 考点归纳考点三 表示计量的介词1.at表示 “以 速度 ,以 价格 ”。The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money.2.for表示 “用 交换 ,以 为代价 ”。He sold his ca
13、r for 500 dollars.注意 at表示单价 (price),for表示总钱数。3.by表示 “按 计算 ”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位前用定冠词the,接具体度量名词时该名词前不加冠词。They are paid by the day.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -12-高考感悟 考点归纳考点四 表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词1.by表示用某种方式 ,多用于交通。如 by bus乘公共汽车 ,by e-mail通过电子邮件。注意 表示搭乘交通工具用 by时 ,名词前不加冠词 ;用 in时 ,名词前要加冠词。请比较 :I went there b
14、y car/in a car.2.with表示 “用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官 ”。We speak with our mouths.注意 with表示用某种工具时 ,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。3.in表示用某种材料或语言。Please speak in English and write in ink.4.through表示 “以 (方法、手段 ),经由 ”,后面多接抽象名词。You can only achieve success through hard work.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -13-高考感悟 考点归纳考点五 表示 “除 之外
15、”的介词besides表示包含 ,“除 之外还有 ” 。 except表示排除 ,“除 之外 ”,指整体里面排除部分 ,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语 ,还可接 that从句或 wh-从句。but表示排除 ,多与 nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用 ,其后可以接不定式。except for表示 “除 之外 ”,常在说明基本情况后 ,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示 “此外 ,除 之外 (还有 )”,相当于 besides/as well as;表示 “撇开 来说 ,除去 ”,相当于 except(for);in
16、 addition to表示 “除 之外 (还有 )”,相当于 besides。语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -14-高考感悟 考点归纳Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains.Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -15-高考感悟 考点归纳考点六 表示原因的介词1.for表示原因 ,常与 sorry,famous,punish,
17、praise,thank,blame等词连用。The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.2.at指情感变化的原因 ,意为 “因听到或看到 而 ” 。He was surprised at the news.3.from指 “外在的原因 ”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。The young man died from an accident.4.of指 “内在的原因 ”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。The old man died of hunger.5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。He was tremb
18、ling with cold.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -16-高考感悟 考点归纳6.by表示外部的 ,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -17-高考感悟 考点归纳考点七 of和 to1.of+抽象名词 =形容词 of+great/much+抽象名词 =very+形容词 of+no+抽象名词 =not+形容词The book is of great value to our research.This old machi
19、ne is of no use.2.to与情感名词连用 ,表示 “某种行动后产生的感觉 ”to+ones+情感名词 =to the+情感名词 +of sb.To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -18-高考感悟 考点归纳考点八 against1.(表示方向 )与 方向相反 ;逆着 ;迎着 ;顶着against the wind 迎着风 ;逆着风2.(表示方位 )紧靠着 ; 倚靠着 against the wall 靠着墙3.(表示对象 )对 不利 ;对 有害 ;以 为竞
20、争对手 ;违反 ;违背fight against同 战斗 ;against the natural law 违背自然规律It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.4.(表示对比 )和 比 ;和 对照 ;以 为背景against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -19-高考感悟 考点归纳考点九 beyond1.(表示位置 )在 /往 另一边 ;在 /往 那一边 ;在 /往 的更远处The house is beyond
21、the bridge.2.(表示时间 )迟于 ;晚于 ;在 之后Dont stay here beyond midnight.不要在这里过夜。3.(表示范围 )超出 ;非 所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the childrens reach.4.(表示程度 )超出 的范围 ;超过 ;对 来说太难Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades.5.(表示数目 )多于 ;超过There werent beyond twenty people present.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固
22、核心考点 -20-高考感悟 考点归纳考点十 常用介词短语1.atat lunch在吃午饭at table在吃饭at school在上学at peace在和平时期at first=at the beginning初期at the beginning of在 的初始阶段at the end of.在 结束时语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -21-高考感悟 考点归纳2.inin a sense从某种意义上说in common共同 ;共有in place在适当的位置in practice在实践中 ;实际上in public公开地 ;当众in turn依次 ;轮流 ;反过
23、来in case以免 ;万一in detail详细地in office在执政in power当权 ;在执政in progress在进行中in return作为回报语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -22-高考感悟 考点归纳in time及时 ;最终in the way挡路in exchange for用以交换 in favour of同意 ;支持in the meanwhile同时in spite of不管 ;不顾in terms of就 来说in addition to此外 ,除 以外语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -23-高考感
24、悟 考点归纳3.onon behalf of代表on condition that以 作为条件on sale出售on strike在罢工on the increase正在增加on the go忙个不停on the air正在广播on the contrary相反语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -24-高考感悟 考点归纳4.underunder control在控制之中under discussion在讨论中under development在发展中under construction在建设中under repair在修理中5.forfor lack of由于缺乏
25、for the benefit of为了 的利益as for就 而论 ;关于语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固核心考点 -25-高考感悟 考点归纳6.byby chance=by accident偶然 ;碰巧by name用名字 ;名叫by far到目前为止7.out ofout of order发生故障 ;失调out of place不得其所的 ;不适当的out of control失去控制out of ones reach某人够不着的地方out of the question不可能out of question毫无疑问语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩
26、固随堂巩固 -26- .单句 语法 填空1.Mom told me that nothing but red looked good against my skin.2.“We didnt know what had happened to her,”said the woman at the door.3.Which driver was to blame for the accident?4.The students successfully conducted the experiment under the guidance of their teacher.5.Even if my
27、tears turn into a stream in May,still it cant carry all my grief away.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固随堂巩固 -27- 6. In reality,its the chair that does the important work. 7.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.8.Mary couldnt put up with the terrible working conditions in that factory and resign
28、ed last week. 9.He was so absorbed in a book that he did not hear the bell.10.We can hardly believe such a young boy should have traveled around the world all by himself. 语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固随堂巩固 -28- .单句改错1.From this experience,I have realized a good decision benefits from people.去掉 from2.Pe
29、ople liked to walk out their houses to chat together.在 out后加 of3.We can finish the work either this week or in next week.去掉 in4.More than one official has served for the people heart and soul.去掉 for5.We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.在 instead后加 of语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固随堂巩固
30、-29- .短文改错Last Friday,the evening fell,but my parents hadnt come back home yet.I stopped doing my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait.It was my the first cooking.I went online to find information on how cook home-style dishes.With the step-by-step direction,I manag
31、ed to make a dish.Then I tried to cook other.When my parents got home,they were amazing to see the tasty dishes I made.Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug.I real enjoyed the meal that evening.语法专题突破 专题三 介词和介词短语核心考点 随堂巩固随堂巩固 -30- 答案 :第一句 :hadntdidn t第二句 :butand;waitwaiting第三句 :去掉 the第四句 :在 how后加 to第五句 :directiondirections第六句 :otheranother第七句 :amazingamazed第八句 :forof第九句 :realreally
