1、初中英语相似词的区别1. both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个), neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。 neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。both,either both 与复数连用,either 与单数连用。both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。there are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)there are flowers on
2、either side of the street. (岸的两边)路边长满了野花。all (所有的,全部的人或物) ,any (任何一个), none (都不) 。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。all the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。i dont like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。i like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。注意:all 与 none 用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。all of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。all (of) t
3、he milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。2. among between 为近义词,皆可表示 “在之间”,一、among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词。 二、between 一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是一个具体数目的人 (物),或者是由 and 连接的两个具体的人(物)。 There was a fight between the two boys三、把两者以上的为数不多的人或事物单独地看待,用 and 连接时,要用 between;把两者以上的人或事物看成一群、一堆或一组而不是个体时,要用 among。 Switze
4、rland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany The old mans cottage lies among the trees 四、between 也可用于三者以上的事物之间,强调一物与数物之 间的关系。 The small village lies between the three mountains 五、涉及人或事物之间的区别以及人或事物之间的关系时,一般要用 between。 We must find out the difference between the three companies. The relations b
5、etween various countries are very important. 六、表示“由于合作的结果”时,要用 between。 Between them they landed the fish Between the five companies the project was soon completed七、当 and 连接三者或三者以上的人(物) 而仍然强调两者的并列时,常用 between。 The hospital lies between a river and hills 八、在 divide,share 等表示 “分享”之类的动词之后。若接一个表示三者或三者以上
6、的复数名词时,用 among 或 between 均可。 The father divided his money among/between his three sons。 The bed-room is shared between/among the six students 九、between ourselves 意为 “只限于咱俩之间( 不得外传)” ,between the lines 意为“ 字里行间”,far between 意为“ 稀少”,in between 意为“在中间、每间隔”,between two fires意为“进退维谷、左右为难” 。 Just between
7、ourselves,I think her English is better than yours You should read between the lines 你应该了解字里行间的言外之意。 十、from among 意为“从中”,one among a thousand 意为“ 千里挑一的人、罕见,优秀的人”,among+the firstlast 或最高级形容词时,意为“one of”。 The chairman of the labour union will be chosen from among its members 3. put on: to clothe onese
8、lf with (an article of clothing).穿(衣服,袜子.)。强调穿的这一“动作”,一般不用于状态: i.e.put on a coat;穿外套 put socks on.穿袜子 wear: To carry or have on the person as covering, adornment, or protection.穿着,戴着。一般用于穿戴这一“状态” i.e.He was wearing a jacket.他穿着一件夹克 dress:to put clothes on(someone). 为(使).穿上衣服,用作被动语态时可以作状态。 i.e.He was
9、 dressed in a blue coat.他穿着一件蓝色外套。 My brother is handicapped so I have to dress her.我弟弟残疾了,所以我必须为他穿衣服。4. at the front of 指在某个物体本身或范围之内的前部,仅指一个点而已,意为“在前部”。Mike is sitting at the front of the classroom.迈克坐在教室的前面。 (强调教室前面的一点)in the front of 也指在某个物体本身或范围之内的前部,但范围比 at the front of 要大,意为“在前部” ,两者有时可换用。The
10、re is a big desk at/in the front of the classroom. 教室的前面有一张大书桌。The girl is standing in the front of the bus. 这个女孩站在公共汽车前部。 (在车内)in front of 通常指物体或人位于另外的物体的外部的前面。There are some trees in front of the house.房子的前面有一些树。 (树在房子外的前面)The girl is standing in front of the bus.这个女孩站在公共汽车前面。 (在车外)5. win,beat , d
11、efeat 和 conquer win:获胜,赢(要用在比赛中) 例子:Who won the race? I won but David came second. 谁在赛跑中获胜了?我获胜了,不过大卫跑第二。 beat:打; 敲; 连打; 连击(多用在打人、打物) 例子:beat black and blue 打得青一块紫一块焦头烂额 The rain beat against the windows. 雨水拍打在窗户上。 defeat:打败;战胜(一定是赢了,常用被动语态) They were defeated in the football match. 他们在足球赛中输了。 使失败;使
12、受挫 Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望破灭了。conquer:(用武力)征服; 攻克难关 例子:Man can conquer nature. 人定胜天。 Modern medical science has conquered many diseases. 现代医学征服了许多疾病。6. few, a few, little, a little a few/a little 表肯定 意思是“一点”few/ little 表否定 意思是“没多少”a few/few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名虽然都表示“少” ,但 (1)few, a f
13、ew 是可数的, little, a little 是不可数的。 (2)a few, a little 含肯定意味, few, little 含否定意味。这里所谓的“肯定意味”和“ 否定意味”应该这样来理解:同样是半杯水,口渴者会认为:There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为:There is a little water in the glass. 1few 修饰可数名词复数。 2few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义;a few (= some; several; a small number of) 含肯定意
14、义。 3 not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。 4 当 few 受 every, last, past, next, some, very 等词所修饰时,表示肯定意义,few 之前不再有冠词。如: In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again. It took us some few days to repair the machine. They are very few in number. There were too few of them. He go
15、es to see his grandma every few weeks. 5 在非正式文体中很少见,一般用或代替,如: Only a few people attended the meeting. 另外,little / a little Little remains to be done about it. (作主语) A little remains to be done. Please give me a little. (作宾语) He knows a little of everything. There is very / but little time left. (作定语
16、) Dont worry; you still have a little time. 1 little 修饰不可数名词,表示“量”。 2 little 含否定意义(反义词: much);a little 含肯定意义(反义词:none) 。 3 在非正式英语中,一般很少用 little,常用 not much, only a little 来代替,如: We havent got much money / time.7. try doing sth to find out how it is. 尝试,试试(看效果如何?)试着做某事,试验做某事-I usually go there by tra
17、in. -Why not try going by boat for a change?-我通常乘火车去那儿。- 为什么不换乘船呢?try to do sth that is hard or needs great effort. 尽力/ 努力做(难做的,费力地事)设法做某事,He tried to finish the work ahead of time. 他设法提前完成这件工作。 try to do 侧重尽力,为了达到目的而努力。try doing 只是一种新的尝试,并没有一定明显的目的性。8. need to do 需要做某事 ,主语往往是人 i.e. I need to go now
18、.我现在需要离开了。 need doing 是需要被做有被动的意思 ,主语往往是物 ,意思是某物需要被.=need to be done i.e. The windows need cleaning.窗户需要清扫。 I need to wash my clothes.= My clothes need washing9. Hope wish 都表示“想” “希望” ,宾语可为 to +动词原型,不可是动词的 ing 形式。 I hope (wish) to visit Guilin . 不同点: (1)wish +宾 + to +动词原形表示命令,hope 无此用法 I wish you to
19、 go 意思是我要你去 (2)hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语,可跟 for +名词,表示可实现的“希望” ,wish 虽也跟 for +名词,但表示难实现的 “愿望” 。 I hope for success .我希望成功。 I wish for a car .我很想得到小汽车 (3)hope 和 wish 可跟 that 从句,但 hope + that 表示希望 wish + that 表示“愿望” ,且从句动词用虚拟语气 I hope you”ll be better soon . I wish I were ten years younger . (4)wish 可跟双宾语 We w
20、ish you a happy New Year . hope 不能用于此结构。1、hope 指确信有实现可能性的希望。wish 所表示的希望更强烈,多指无法实现的希望和梦想。 2. 两者都可接宾语从句,但是 hope 接的宾语从句表示的是有实现的可能性的希望。可根据情况转换时态。wish 节的宾从多指无法实现的希望和梦想。从句时态需用虚拟语气,有固定要求。 Eg: I hope he will go to Beijing next Sunday.(可实现) I wish he would go to Beijing next Sunday.(实现的可能性极小) 10. a number of
21、 和 the number of二者的区别涉及到主谓一致的问题,它们修饰名词作主语时,谓语的数是不一样的。(1)a number of 为量词短语,表示“许多” ,中心词是这个短语所修饰的复数名词,所以作主语时,谓语动词用复数形。a number of +名词复数 =a lot of =los of+名词复数 A number of students of our school have read that magazine.A number of wild animals have been found in the forest. (2)the number of 表示“的数量” ,中心词
22、为 number,指的是 of 后边名词的数量,数量是个抽象概念,因此谓语动词用单数。the number of+名词复数。但动词用第三人称单数The number of students in our school has grown from 1,000 to more than 1,500. The number of wild animals has become less and less in recent years. 11. through across past overacross 表示从一定范围的一边到另一边 , 与 on 有关, 表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的, cr
23、oss 是动词 We walked across the square to the store.through 表示从某物中间通过, 穿过, 与 in 有关, 指在某一物体的空间里进行的 We walked through the forest.over 多指在空间范围上通过, 越过或指垂直在上和表面不接触.12. cross 是动词,across 是介词。eg: I cross the road.=I go across the road. 1、首先是词性的区别:across 为介词living 更强调说明“尚在人间“,“健在“这一现在的情况. ?16. advice is n. a pi
24、ece of advice advise is v. advise you toadvice 是名词,意思为“ 劝告,(医师或顾问等的) 意见,通知“,若加 s 意思则为“ 报道,消息“; advise 是动词,含义或用法如下 : vt.1.劝告;向.提供意见 2.建议 3.通知,告知 vi.1.提供意见;作顾问 2.商量 advisedly adv.深思熟虑地 advisement n.深思熟虑 2.劝告;意见;提供劝告(或)意见 adviser,advisor n.劝告者;顾问17.remember to do 和 remember doing前者是没有做 e.g.remember to
25、buy a magazine 记得回来之后或者以后要买本杂志。后者是已经做过了 e.g. remember buying a magazine 记得已经买过杂志了remember doing=remember having done18.sometimes some times sometime some time分开是“一段” , 相连为“某时” 。 分开 s 是“倍、次” , 相连 s 是“有时” 。 (1)Ill stay here for some time我将在这儿呆一段时间。 (2)Kate will be back sometime in February 凯特将在 2 月某个时
26、候回来。 (3)Our school is some times larger than theirs我们学校比他们学校大几倍。 (4)Joan goes to school on foot,but sometimes by bike琼步行上学,但有时也骑自行车去。(1)sometimes 的意思是“有时” ,是副词。(2)sometime 也是副词,意思是 “在某个时候” 。可用于一般过去时与将来时。(3)some time 是名词短语,它的意思是 “一段时间” 。(4)some times 也是一个名词短语,time 在这里用作可数名词,意思是“次数” 。 some times 的意思是“
27、几次” 。19.other anotheranother 是指除本体之外其他所有物体中的一个,后跟单数名次。是泛指,并不限两个中的一个。另外还可以表示再来一个的意思。 other 是指除本体之外的其他物体,后跟表复数意义的名词。 the other 才是指两个中的另外一个 other 后接单复数均可,other one 或 other two students. others 只能作代词,意思是“其它的人(物或事等) ”,常用来泛指。 the other 也是既能作形容词,又能作代词。但它一般用来表示总数为二时的“另外一个” ,经常与 one 搭配。 other 也能既作形容词又可作代词,意思
28、是“别的,另外的” 。 the others 也只能作代词,意思与 others 相近,但常用来特指。 any other 后接复数名词,表示“一些其他” ;any other 后接单数名词时,表示“其他任何一个” 。 another 作形容词时,是指在原有的基础上再加一(些) ,表示“再一(些) ”或“另外一个(些) ”的意思,在心理上至少有三个。 another 还可作代词,意思与作形容词时一样。它前面不能加任何冠词,后面也不能加 s 相关词组: one the other 只有两个 some the others 有三个以上 some others,others others = oth
29、er people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部 1) 泛指另一个用 another。 2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用 one,另一个用 the other。 3) 一定范围内三者,一个用 one,另一个用 one (another),第三个可用 the other,a third。 4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用 the others。 5) 泛指别的人或物时,用 others 当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时也用 others。 20. asas :as+adj/adv.as 与一样the same as:the same (+n.)as 与一个样He is as tall as his brother.他和他兄弟一样高。I have the same opinion as you.我与你的想法一个样。This one is the same as that one.这个和那个一个样。