1、 初三英语专项复习（二）宾语从句一、 语从句的定义宾语从句顾名思义就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分是由句子来充当。因此把这样的句子（含有从句）叫做复句。二、 过好“三关”学习宾语从句（一）过引导词关宾语从句的引导词主要有： （有时可以省略） ； / ； （如：连接代词 ， ， ， ；连接副词 ， ， ， ；还有 how many/much,how often,how long 等） 。1当宾语从句一个陈述句变化而来时，其引导词用 来引导宾语从句 ，在句子中无意义，因此可以省略。如：He is a good student. I know. I know (that )he is
2、a good student.2当宾语从句一个一般疑问句变化而来时，其引导词用 或 来引导宾语从句，其意义是 。如：The teacher asks me. Does the boy like playing football? The teacher asks me if the boy likes playing football.只用 wether 的几种情况：（1） 在动词不定式之前只能用 whether 如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。（2） 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中如：I want to know whe
3、ther its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。（3） 在介词后，只能用 whether如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。（4） 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether如： Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。3当宾语从句是由一个特殊疑问句变化而来时，其引导词用原句的 来引导宾语从句。 （如：连接代词 ， ， ， ；连接副
4、词 ， ， ， ；还有 how many/much, how often, how long 等） 。如：He wants to know. When will we go home? He wants to know when we will go home.习题：用合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom3. She said _ it wou
5、ldnt matter much.（that, if）3. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）4. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）5. They dont know _ we are going hiking.6. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day.7. I was really surprised at _ I saw.9. I dont know
6、 _ so many people crowding round him10. Do you know _ shirt it is?（二）过语序关做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+ 谓语+宾语+其他” 。如：1.Tom said. He is reading a book. Tom said that he was reading a book.2.He asks me. Are they playing a game? He asks me if/wether they are playing a game.3.Where is the
7、hospital? He told me. He told me Where the hospitalwas. 注意:当 who 在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是 “主语+谓语”顺序 ,所以就不再变了.如：I want to know . Who will come tomorrow? I want to know whoill come tomorrow .(三) 过时态关宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况） ，宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意。从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。1当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态
8、可根据句意的需要二选用任意一种时态。2当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带“过去”两个字） 。一般现在时(下学期学习)。3当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。三、宾语从句的特殊语序问题 1. 在“Do you think /believe/suppose-?等”或 Did you/he/she-?结构中，宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的，则要用“疑问词+ do you think /believe/suppose +正常语序？”或“疑问词+ did you/he/she-+正常语序”如：(A)Wha
9、t has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him? (B) When are they coming? Did the boy say? When did the boy say they were coming? 2.当宾语从句后面带有宾语补足语时，须用 it 作形式宾语，其句型为：主语+谓语+it+补足语（形容词）+宾语从句如：I find it necessary that we should learn English well.三、 否定转移问题在 think,believe 等动词后
10、面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词 not 移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：1.I dont think he will come. 2.I dont think he will come,will he? 3. I think he will come,wont he?四、 宾语从句的简化1当主句的谓语动词是 hope,decide,wish,agree 等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。如：Wei Hua h
11、opes that she will be back soon.Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2当 know,learn,remember,forget 等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成 “疑问词+ 不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say.3当 tell,learn,show,teach 等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how I can get
12、there?(句子中的 me 和 I 指的是同一个人) 可以改写为： Could ysou tell me how to get there? 4动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，但主语要发生变化。如：It seemed that the boys were going to play ganes. The boys seemed to play games.句型转换1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） Please tell me _ _ _ _.2. What does he do? Do you know? （
13、改为宾语从句）Do you know _ he _?3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. （改为宾语从句）I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him. （同义句）Toms mot
14、her asked him _ _ _ to try something new.6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.7.Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.8. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.三、选择1. I dont know _ he wi
15、ll be back home.A. who B. what C. when D. where2. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in3. Do you still remember _?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say4. I cant understand _the boy alone.A.
16、why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left5. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6. They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far had/ run7. The manager came up to see
17、_.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. Can you tell me _?A. what are you doing B. where do you studyC. what you were doing D. what to do it9. I cant understand _ the boy alone.A. why she let B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had
18、left10. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11.No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check B. to check C.
19、how to check D. to how checking13. _ hell come or not isnt important.A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What14. Would you like to know _they will do it or not.A. if B. that C. whether D. why15. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought16. O
20、ur homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another17. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA.A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has goneC. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone18. Mike wants
21、 to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains19. I dont know if he _tomorrow. If he _, Ill meet him.A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come20. I really dont know if she _ it when she _.A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
