1、英语语法倒装结构来源:本站原 创 点击率: 45 发布: 2010-12-7no sooner than，not until 等引起的倒装等。热点之一：含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装此类副词有：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little 等。例如：Not a single word did he say at the meeting （在会上，他什么也没说。 ）【原题重现】1The old couple have been married for 40years and never once _have they quarreled_ with eac
2、h other （NMET 2003）【简析】本题中关键词是 never 这一副词，与现在完成时态连用引起部分倒装。【原题重现】2Not a single song _did she sing _ at yesterdays party （2001上海）【简析】本题是否定副词 not 与一般过去时态共同形成的部分倒装。热点之二：含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装此类连接词有：not only but also，neither nor ，no sooner than，scarcely when，hardly when 等。No sooner had she gone out than t
3、he telephone rang （她一出门电话就响了。 ）【原题重现】3Not only _is the teacher himself _ interested in football but _all his students are_ beginning to show an interest in it （2002上海春）【简析】包含 not only but（also）结构的句子，如果 not only 置于句首，not only 所在句子要形成部分倒装，but（also）后面的句子不要倒装。热点之三：搞清 so（nor ，neither）助动词主语与 so（nor ，neith
4、er）主语助动词之间的区别前者表示重复前句部分的内容，译为“也是如此” 。而后者表示对前句内容的进一步肯定或证实，译为“确实如此” 。例如：Lily cant answer the questionNeither can I （莉莉不能回答这个问题。我也不能。 ）Tom was late for school yesterdaySo he was （汤姆昨天上学迟到了。他确实如此。 ）need 做实义动词的用法need 既可以用作情态动词，也可作实义动词。实义动词就是能表达实际意义的一些动词，那么你把它相对应的虚词，如 of,the,a 等等过滤一下就不难理解了。看下面这道题。My watch
5、 needs_repairing_, it hasnt been working for ten days.need 作为实义动词讲时；其后面的宾语和主语存在动宾关系，那么请套用：need doing。 此用法含有被动意义。09年高考英语虚拟语气基础语法讲解及对应练习:(1)16. 虚拟语气1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结
6、构参见下表:句 型 条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用 be going to 表示将来,该用 shall, will.(错) If you leave now, y
7、ou are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用 shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2 非真实条件句1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a. 与现在事实相反的假设条件从句 主句一般过去时(be 用 were) should(would)等 +动词原形例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。含义:They
8、are not here, they cant help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would)等+ have+ 过去分词例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句 主句一般过去时 should/would 等 + 动词原形were+ 不定式sh
9、ould+ 动词原形例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.16.3 混合条件句有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时
10、间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有 were, should, 或 had 时, 可省略 if,再把 were, should或 had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例
11、如:Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄
12、稼就有救了。注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用“were“,即在从句中 be 用 were代替。例如:If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题_Were I _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were, should, had 这三个词,通常将 if 省略,主语提前, 变成 were, shou
13、ld, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词 should1)在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, i
14、nsisted 等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange 等a pity, a shame, no wonder 等2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 等。例如:I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。He insisted that
15、he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。注意:如 suggest, insist 不表示“建议“ 或“坚持要某人做某事时“,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明“、“坚持认为“时,宾语从句用陈述语气。(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(对) I insisted that you were wrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。例如:
16、My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。16.6 wish 的用法1)wish 后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:主句 从句从句动作先于主句动词动作(be 的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过去完成时将来不大可
17、能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形例如:I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2)wish to do;wish sb / sth to do。例如:I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。I wish the manager to be informed at once. =
18、I want the manager to be informed at once.我希望经理能马上得到消息。16.7 比较 if only 与 only ifonly if 表示“只有“;if only 则表示“如果就好了“。If only 也可用于陈述语气。例如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。16.8 It is (high) time thatIt is (high
19、) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should 加动词原形,但 should 不可省略。例如:It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。It is high time that the children should go to bed.16.9 need “不必做“和“本不必做“didnt need to do 表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。neednt have done 表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如:John went to the station with the car to meet
20、 Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary 步行回家了,没有遇上 John的车。)There was plenty of time. She _neednt have hurried _.neednt have done. 意为“本不必“,即已经做了某事,而实际上不必要。对过去
21、发生的事情进行否定性推断应为 couldnt have done, “不可能已经“。 must not do 用于一般现在时)。1. 强调句：基本结构It + be + 强调部分 + that(who) + 说明部分正是因为有了这些先进的设备我们才能够享受更多的便利。一般陈述句： We can enjoy more convenience because of these advanced facilities.强调句： It is just because of these advanced facilities that we can enjoy more convenience.令人感到
22、遗憾的是，人们关注的，往往是经济利益而不是社会利益。Unfortunately, it is always the financial profits instead of social interests that people pay attention to.2. 特殊强调句：Notuntil 句型+强调句基本结构：It be not untilthat尽管这个问题由来已久，但直到最近人们才开始逐渐意识到了它的重要性。Although the problem has been existing for a long time, it was not until recently that
23、 people came to realize its importance.3. 倒装句：(1) Only + 介词 + doing sth (或从句) can sb do sth只有这样做我们才能彻底解决该问题。 Only by doing so can we solve the problem thoroughly.我个人认为，只有在收集到了足够证据的情况下我们才能得出结论，否则的话我们就容易犯错误。Personally, only when we have collected enough evidence can we come to a conclusion. Otherwise,
24、 we are prone to make mistakes.(2)On no account + 倒装我们决不应该忽视知识的价值。 On no account should we ignore the value of knowledge.作为一个文明人，我们无论如何都不应该容忍这种现象的存在。As a civilized person, on no account should we tolerate the existence of such a phenomenon.4. 举例三大高分句型 ：(1) Take as an (for) example(2) is a case in po
25、int(3) The fact that （ 从句 ） serves as a convincing exampleFailed Example ： Media shouldnt focus on celebrities private lives because it has some bad effects. For example, Princess Dianas death is caused by media.Decent Example (1). Take Princess Diana for example, it was medias excessive coverage on
26、 her private life that led to the tragedy to a large extent.(2). Medias excessive coverage on celebrities private lives has already led to quite a number of tragedies. And the death of Princess Diana is a case in point (serves as a convincing example).5. Famous Quote 高分句型： Sb was quoted (by) as sayi
27、ng that / In the words of sbOrdinary Example ： For example, Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank once said: “Only the paranoid survive”.Decent Example (1). Take Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank as an example, he was once quoted by Forbes as saying that Only the paranoid survive
28、.(2). Sticking to your own ideas is of great importance. In the words of Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank: “Only the paranoid survive”.6. “双越”句型：The + adj/adv 的比较级 + 主语 + 谓语, the + adj/adv 的比较级 + 主语 + 谓语俗话说得好：“付出越多，收获越大” 。Just as an old saying goes like this: The more you give, the more
29、 you receive.我们越深入观察这个问题，我们就越是能感受到它的重要性。The deeper we see into this issue, the more strongly we will feel its importance.作为一个大学生，你花在兼职工作上的时间越多，学习上拥有的时间就越少，那么你的成绩也就会越糟糕。As a college student, t he more time you spend on part-time jobs, the less time you will have on your study, thus the poorer your sc
30、ore will be.7. 多重比喻句 ： 基本结构 A is to B what X is to YKnowledge is to us what a compass is to a ship.Personality( 品格 ) is to man what perfume ( 芬芳 ) is to a flower. (By Charles Michael Schwab, American entrepreneur)环境对于我们来说就好像鱼儿离不开水我们绝对没法脱离它而生存！Environment is to us what water is to fish on no account
31、can we live without it!8. 否定词but 句型 :换句话说，城市中的多余劳动力只会削弱经济的发展。To put it another way, the redundant ( 多余的 ) work force in the cities will do nothing but impair ( 削弱 ) the economic development.征收更高的赋税只会给普通百姓带来更加沉重的经济负担。Imposing higher taxes Imposing higher taxes will bring the ordinary citizens nothing
32、 but heavier financial burdens.Part Two Words雅思写作滥词替换一览1. Very+adj More than + adj2. Because of Due to / Thanks to3. Different Varied/Diverse (adj) / Vary (v)4. Work hard Spare no effort5. Cause Lead to / Result in6. Certainly / Definitely Be destined to / Be doomed to7. Finally End up8. Important E
33、ssential / Significant / Crucial / Vital / Be of great importance / Play a significant role9. Good Beneficial / Decent10. Bad Harmful / Detrimental作为一个美剧爱好者,前两天在家看新出的 (,不要告诉我你没听说过!)第三季第五集(我现在美剧就只看和), 居然不经意间发现了一个可以在雅思口语和写作当中派很大用场的一个高分句型:在第五集26分钟左右的地方,正在再度策划越狱的主人公 Michael Scofield 和Whinsler 聊天,讲到这样一句话
34、: My third year in the schoolI studied Electronical Engineering with the focus on EMPS, which is Electronic Magnetism Pulses. (在我读大三的时候,我读的是电子工程,主修 EMPS,就是电磁脉冲.)看到这句话各位看官想到什么了? 有没有发现它在雅思考试当中会很好用呢?我们先来分析一下这个句型的基本结构:I studied Electronical Engineering(主句,用于介绍总体概况) with the focus on EMPS (with 引导的结构,用于说
35、明某方面的具体情况), which is Electronic Magnetism Pulses (Michael 怕对方听不懂什么是 EMPS,于是加上这个 which 引导的非限制性定语从句来做补充解释说明)也就是说如果用公式来表示的话,该句型的结构为: 主句(A General Situation)+with引导的结构(A specific part needs to be emphasized)+非限制性定语从句(Additional Information)了解了这个句型结构,我们来看看怎么把它用到雅思考试中:(雅思口语) Are you a student or are you w
36、orking now? (口语考试考官必问题)假设某考生想到以下信息:(1). 我是一个大学生.(2). 我是学 Business 的.(3). 我主修 International Trade.(4). 我一直对 International Trade 很感兴趣.我们就可以按照 “Michael 句型”把这些信息串联成一个复杂句:I am a college student majoring in Business with the focus on International Trade, which I have always been interested in.(雅思口语) Do yo
37、u have any hobbies? What do you usually do in your spare time?我想到以下信息:(1). 我爱看美剧.(2). 美剧里面我主要看和(3). 这两部片在中国的年轻人当中超红的.又可以利用 “Michael 句型”了!I love watching American TV series with the focus on exciting ones like and , which are both enjoying great popularity among young people in China.雅思写作当中也可以用哦:The
38、government should do a lot to solve the existing problems with the focus on relieving traffic jam in cities, which, in my opinion, is the first nut to crack.(要解决现存的种种问题,政府有很多事情要做,重点应该放在缓解交通堵塞上,这在我看来是首当其冲要搞定的.)请各位新东方学员根据你对你所接触过的新东方老师的了解,尝试着利用 “Michael句型”完成以下“造句”练习:1. Cain (马徐骏老师) is particularly inte
39、rested in _ with the focus on _, which is _.2. Akata (俞伟国老师) is extremely interested in _ with the focus on _, whom _.3. Alan (俞鑫老师) is crazy for _ with the focus on _, who _.4. Mr. Chen Hao (陈豪老师) likes _ with the focus on _, which _.参考答案1. Cain (马徐骏老师) is particularly interested in (studying liter
40、ature) with the focus on (), which is (his all-time favorite)!(马老师对于研究文学很感兴趣,尤其是研究,这一直以来是他的最爱!)2. Akata (俞伟国老师) is extremely interested in (making friends with his students) with the focus on (those very beautiful female students), whom (he always takes so much care of).(俞老师很喜欢和学生交朋友,尤其是和长得好看的女学生,他对
41、她们总是关怀备至.)(嘿嘿,以上这句内容纯属虚构)3. Alan (俞鑫老师) is crazy for (all kinds of sports) with the focus on (playing basketball with 徐淦), who (is one head shorter than him in height).(牛牛老师狂热地喜爱各种体育活动,尤其是和徐淦老师打篮球,因为徐淦比他矮一个头.)4. Mr. Chen Hao likes (watching movies) with the focus on (“exciting“ movies like ), which always turns him on!(陈豪老师喜欢看电影,尤其是像这样的“刺激“电影,总是能够让他欲罢不能)
