1、建筑史专用词汇中英对照我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时,经常会碰到许多词汇,不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译。专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉,没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典,给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便。现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起,以便于大家使用。1、城市史城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city居民点 settlement 科学城 science city市场 market 风景旅游城市 sceic-tourist city城墙 city wall 休养城市 resort city都城 capital city 小城市 small c
2、ity宫城 imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city外城 outer city 大城市 large city皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护 urban conservation里 neighbourhood 历史建筑 historical building 街 street 历史地段 historical site巷 lane 城市改建 urban redevelopment胡同 hutong,alley 城市更新 urban renewal关厢 outskirt 工业城市 industrial city城濠 city moat,city t
3、rench 矿业城市 mining city城堡 castle 港口城市 port city城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city城市 city 市区 city proper镇 township,town 郊区 suburb2、园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden 中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden 皇家园林 roya
4、l garden 私家园林 private garden 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林 western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden 中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林 Italian style garden 西班牙式园林 Spainish style garden 法兰西式园林 French style garden 勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notres style garden 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style gard
5、en 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden 庄园 manor,villa garden 廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio 绿廊 xystus 迷阵 maze,labyrinth 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫
6、 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden 承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden 悬园 Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园“,“架高园“。英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 又称“邱园“。凡尔赛宫苑 Ve
7、rsailles Palace Park 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景 view,scenery,feature 远景 distant view 近景 nearby view 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view 又称“抑景“。借景 borrowed scenery,view borrowing 对景 oppositive scenery,view in opposite place 缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 漏景 leaking through scen
8、ery 框景 enframed scenery 尾景 terminal feature 主景 main feature 副景 secondary feature 配景 objective view 夹景 vista line,vista 又称“风景线“前景 front view 背景 background 景序 order of sceneries 景点 feature spot,view spot 园林空间 garden space 开敞空间 wide open space,wide space 封闭空间 encloseure space 意境 artistic conception,poe
9、tic imagery 苍古 antiquity 空灵 spaciousness,airiness 动观 in-motion viewing 静观 in-position viewing 轴线 axis,axial line 主轴 main axis 副轴 auxiliary axis 暗轴 hidden axis,invisible axis 又称“隐轴“3、中国古代建筑及构造宫 palace,temple 亭 pavilion殿 hall 台 platform厅 又称“堂“ hall 坛 altar室 room 楼 storied building 房 house 阁 pavilion寨
10、stockaded village 廊 colonnade舫 boat house 榭 pavilion on terrace阙 que, watchtower 水榭 waterside pavilion牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway 轩 windowed veranda华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar 民居 folk house塔 pagoda 四合院 courtyard house硬山 flush gable roof 抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 悬山 overhanging gable roof
11、穿斗式构架 column and tie construction 歇山 gable and hip roof 井干式构架 log cabin construction 庑殿 hip roof 檐柱 eave column 四阿 hip roof 金柱 hypostyle column 卷棚 round ridge roof 内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语重檐 double eave roof 大式 wooden frame with dougong攒尖 pyramidal roof 小式 wooden frame without dougong园攒尖 round pavi
12、lion roof 大木作 carpentry work大木 wooden structure 小木作 joinery work内柱(宋) hypostyle column 梭柱(宋) shuttle-shaped column山柱 center column 角背 bracket角柱(唐、宋) corner column 由戗 inverted V-shaped brace瓜柱 short column 叉手(宋) chashou, inverted V-shaped brace脊瓜柱 king post 柁墩 wooden pier蜀柱 宋代术语 king post 驼峰(宋) tuofe
13、ng, camel-hump shaped suport雷公柱 suspended column 卷杀 entasis帐杆宋代术语 suspended column 梁 beam侧脚(宋) cejiao 袱(宋) beam月梁 crescent beam 单步梁 one-step cross beam三架梁 3-purlin beam 双步梁 two-step cross beam平梁(宋) 3-purlin beam 挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam四架梁 4-purlin beam 乳袱(宋) rufu, beam tie五架梁 5-purlin beam 抱头
14、梁 baotou beam四椽袱(宋) 5-purlin beam 穿插枋 penetrating tie六架梁 6-purlin beam 角梁 hip rafer七架梁 7-purlin beam (木行)大式 purlin (used with dougong)六椽袱(宋) 7-purlin beam 金(木行、大式) intermediate purlin九架梁 9-purlin beam 金檩(小式) intermediate purlin八椽袱(宋) 9-purlin beam 上中平抟(宋) intermediate purlin檩(小式) purlin (used withou
15、t dougong) 老檐(木行)(大、小式,宋)purlin on hypostyle抟(宋) purlin 正心(木行、大式) eave purlin脊(木行、大式)ridged purlin 檐檩(小式) eave purlin脊檩(小式) ridged purlin 下平抟(宋) eave purlin脊抟(宋) ridged purlin 额枋(大式) architrave(used with dougong)檐枋(小式) architrave(used with dougong) 老檐枋(大式,指檐口构造)eave tiebeam阑额(宋) architrave 檐枋(小式,指檐口
16、构造) eave tiebeam 由额垫板(大式)cushion board 顶椽 top rafter檐垫板(小式) cushion board 脑椽 upper rafter 枋 tiebeam 花架椽 intermediate rafter脊枋 ridge tiebeam 檐椽 eave rafter上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 飞檐椽 flying rafter下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam 飞子(宋) flying rafter瓦口 tile edging 连檐 eave edging颔版(宋) tile edging 斗口 doukou,mor
17、tise of cap block举架 raising the purlin 斗拱 dougong,bracket set举析(宋) raising the purlin 斗 dou, bracket set步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 升 block with cross mortise材 cai 大斗 cap block栔 qi 栌斗(宋) cap block分 fen 拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal 瓜拱 oval arm华拱(宋) flower arm 瓜子拱(宋) oval arm昂 ang,le
18、ver 万拱 long arm槽升子 center block 慢拱(宋) long arm齐心斗(宋) center block 厢拱 regular arm三才升 small block 令拱(宋) regular arm十八斗 connection block 单材拱 outer-side bracket arm交互斗(宋) connection block 撑头 small tie-beam正心拱 axial bracket arm 枋(宋) small tie-beam泥道拱(宋) axial bracket arm 耍头 nose攒 set of bracket 搏缝版(宋) ga
19、ble eave board柱头科 bracket set on columns 木装修 joiners work柱头铺作(宋) bracket set on columns 外檐装修 exterior finish work平身科 bracket sets between columns 内檐装修 interior finish work补间铺作(宋) bracket sets between columns 框槛 door frame角科 bracket set on corner 槛 stud转角铺作(宋) bracket set on corner 抱框 jamb on door or
20、 window出 extension of bracket 格栅 partition door出跳(宋) extension of bracket 抹头 window stool跳(宋) tiao 棂子 grill雀替 sparrow brace 裙板 panel搏缝板 gable eave board 槛窗 sill wall window榻板 window sill 井口天花 compartment ceiling支摘窗 removable window 海墁天花 flat ceiling门枕 door bearing 藻井 caisson ceiling门簪 decorative cyl
21、inder 罩 shelf门跋 door knocker 龛 niche门钉 decorative nails on door leaf 博古架 antique shelf门枕石 bearing stone 瓦石作 masonry抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone 檐墙 eave wall天花 ceiling 廊墙 partition wall帽儿梁 lattice framing 扇面墙 horizontal partition wall支条 lattice framing 隔断墙 vertical partition wall樨头 gable wall head 槛
22、墙 sill wall挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave 五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over 须弥座 xumizuo叠涩(宋) corbel, hanging over 圭角 guijiao角柱石 corner pier 上枋 upper fillet and fascia阶条石 rectangular stone slab 下枋 lower fillet and fascia压阑石(宋) rectangular stone slab 上袅 upper cyma, recta台阶 steps 下袅 lower cy
23、ma, reversa踏道(宋) steps 束腰 suyao踏垛 step 钩栏(宋) balustrade踏(宋) step 单钩栏(宋) single frieze balustrade斗板石 intermediate pier 垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade垂带 drooping belt stone 望柱 baluster副子(宋) drooping belt stone 望柱头 baluster capital象眼 triangular space 栏版 frieze panel御路 yulu, imperial path 华版 frieze panel
24、羌差 ramp 地伏 plinth stone 柱顶石 capital stone 寻杖(宋) handrail 柱础 column base 正吻 zhengwen 踬 zhi 鸱尾(宋及宋前) chiwei 碑碣 stone tablet 正脊 main ridge 赑屃(宋及宋前) bixi, stone turtle 垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 趺(清) fu, stone turtle 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 石像生 stone a
25、nimal 博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 石人 stone human statue 仙人 celestial being 筒瓦 round tile 走兽 animal 板瓦 flat tile 砖雕 brick carving 青瓦 black tile 彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing 脊瓦 ridge tile 苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern 琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile 旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern 勾头 eave tile 和玺彩画
26、 dragons pattern 滴水 drip tile 天花彩画 ceiling pattern 瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern 点金 gold pointing 箍头 end portion of painted beam 退晕 color change 藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam 沥粉 embossed painting 枋心 central portion of painted beam 贴金 gold foil painting 注:(宋)表示宋代术语,其它类似。4、外国古代建筑及构造金字塔
27、pyramid滴水兽gargoyle方尖碑obelisk顶端饰finial牌门楼pylon花色窗棂tracery莲花式柱lotus column四叶饰quatrefoil纸草花式柱papyrus column五叶饰cinquefoil棕榈叶式柱palm column府邸mansion,palazzo塔庙ziggurat鼓座drum 列柱围廊式peristyle采光塔lantern山花pediment小侧窗bulleye window 多立克柱式Doric order涡卷装饰cartouche伊奥尼亚柱式又“爱奥尼亚柱式“Ionic order宣礼塔minaret科林斯柱式Corinthian
28、order圣龛mihrab,prayer niche檐口cornice讲坛mimbar,pulpit 檐部entablature拱式vault type檐壁frieze筒拱barrel vault额枋architrave棱拱groin vault柱头capital肋骨拱rib bed vault柱身column shaft星形拱stellar vault槽沟flute网状拱reticulated vault圆底线脚torus扇形拱fan vault柱基plinth倒槽式拱trough vault台基stylobate钟乳拱stalactite vault输水道aqueduct券式arch ty
29、pe万神庙pantheon半圆券 semicircular arch凯旋门triumphal arch尖券pointed arch角斗场colosseum弧形券segmental arch 广场forum葱花券ogee arch托斯卡柱式Tuscan order马蹄券horseshoe arch门廊potch,portico交角券squinch小穹顶cupola穹式dome type平嵌线reglet半球形穹顶semespherical dome主穹顶main dome葱花穹顶ogee dome半穹顶semi dome方穹顶square dome 帆拱pendentive阿拉伯花饰arabeque会堂basilica阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital中厅central nave拱廊atcade侧廊aisle壁上拱廊blind arcade半圆形壁龛apse塔楼turret袖廊transept玫瑰窗rose window柱廊colonnade尖顶pinnacle神坛altar分享给好友 转到我空间复制网址 隐藏签名档小字体 上一篇 下一篇 返回日志列表