1、宾语从句一、基本讲解一、概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)二、连接词(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用 that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的
2、宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用 whether 不用 ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用 whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you
3、tell me whether u go or not?c. if 当如果讲，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用 whether.(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。三、时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know（if/whether he
4、 has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）三、直接引语和间接引语在宾语从句中的运用1.直接引语和间接引语概述我们把引述别人的话
5、语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接引语一般构成宾语从句。例如：The teacher asked, “Do you like English? 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？” （直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 女孩说她非常喜欢英语。 （间接引语）一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。
6、 “主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主句部分。例如：He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。 ”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。2.直接引语变间接引语的变化形式 1.人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词 this 和 these 通常变为 that 和 those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help
7、 you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。 ”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。2.时态的变化引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。时间状
8、语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days地点状语的变化 here there 谓语动词的变化 come go3. 直接引语变为间接引语的情况1. 直接引语为陈述句(1) 将直接
9、引语变为由 that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后 (that 可以省略。)例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。 ”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。(2) 如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说： “你的自行车坏了。 ”He told me that my bi
10、ke was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我， “凯伦是美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否是美国人。3.直接引语为特殊疑问句
11、直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?” 约翰问我， “周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅是哪儿的人。4.if 引导的条件状语从句(1)主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般过去时。例如：We will go to Bao Du Zhai if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天好的话我们就去抱犊寨。We will to travelling if we have t
12、ime tomorrow. 如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。(2)主句祈使句， if 从句用一般现在时。例如：Please call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。Sing a song if you feel happy. 如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！(3)主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。 You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。You can get number one if you study hard. 如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。Mary,
13、what about going boating if it doesnt rain?玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？Good idea. 好主意。 四、宾语从句与简单句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, de
14、cide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是 ask，tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how
15、to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see ，watch ，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“ 宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.相应练习：（一）1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will l
16、eave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him. A. that
17、 B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he i
18、s8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C
19、. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could
20、 you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas
21、had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was t
22、he first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D.
23、 what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money（二）（ ）1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do
24、you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it（ ）2.Excuse me .Could you tell me _I can get to the Space Museum(太空博物馆)?-Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. where B. how C. if D. why（ ）3.Do you know _the new mobile phone last week?-Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid for
25、B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for（ ）4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. what B. when C. why D. where（ ）5. -Excuse me, could you tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight ahead and youll see it on your left.A. where the post office
26、is B. when you will visit the museum C. where is the post office D. when will you visit the museum （ ）6. Do you know _the girl in red is ?Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A.when B.how C.where D.what（ ）7.What did your parents thank about your decision?-They always let me do_I think I should.A.when B.that
27、 C.how D.what（ ）8.I want to know _.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airportC.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at（ ）9. -Would you please tell me _?-At 10:00 this evening.A. when will the train leave B. when the train will le
28、ave C. when does the train leave（ ）10. -Do you think _ a concert in our school hall this weekend?-Yes, there will.A. there will have B. there will be C. will there be D. will there have（ ）11. I dont know if my uncle _. If he _, I will be very happy.A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. come
29、s; comes D. will come; comes（ ）12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine （ ）13. No one can be sure_ in a million years.A. what man looks like B. what will man l
30、ook like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like（ ）14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone（ ）15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much
31、 does it cost（三）将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语：1. “I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.2. Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”3. He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”4. “I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.5. Mr Rochester said; “Ive settled everything; and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”6. “It is too late.” he said.7. “Here is Miss Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.8. “I will try it,” said Kate.9. “Ive studied biology,” he said.10. “We will go back to the house,” he said.
