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宾语从句详细讲解.doc

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1、 宾语从句的用法:一.宾语从句的定义: 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 (每年中招考试单选题第15 题必是宾语从句)二、 宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?() Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 Eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.

2、” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are.1) 连接词在从句中作主语。连接词谓语 常见的连接词有: who,what,which 等。如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?The small children dont know

3、what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2) 连接词在从句中作主语的定语。连接词名词谓语。常见的连接词有:whose, what,which,how many,how much 等。如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3)连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。连接词主语谓语。常见的连接词有:who(m) ,what

4、,which ,how many,how much, when,why,how ,where,if whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。 连接词名词主语谓语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how 等。如:Do you know which class he

5、is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。三连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用 that 引导,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,也无词义,常被省略。如:He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane. 引导宾语从句的 that 在下列情况

6、下一般不省略(八种宾语从句不省略 that )1. 宾语从句前有插入语 。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。2. 有间接宾语时。 He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。3. that 在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略 ) all the children like to read it.他说

7、那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。 I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。5. that 从句单独回答问题时。 What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。6.在 except 等介词后。 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。7. 位于句首时。 That our te

8、am will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如 reply, object)后。 He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用 if 或 whether 引导,意为 “是否”。如:I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether: 在具有选择意义,又有 or 或 or not 时,尤其是直接与 or not 连用时,往往用wh

9、ether(ifor not 也可以使用) 。如:Let me know whether if he will come or not (Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not (I dont know whether or not he does any washing )我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用 whether。如:

10、Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用 whether。如:He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt

11、 decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether 置于句首时,不能换用 if。如:Whether this is true or not,I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。如:Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的

12、特殊疑问词引导。如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?3、宾语从句的时态:含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时

13、,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。四、其他需要说明的问题:1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句

14、、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。3、宾语从句的附加疑问句 宾语从句的复合句在变成反意疑问句时,如果主句的谓语动词为 think, guess, believe, suppose 等且主语为第一人称时,附加部分要由从句决定;如果主句不是 think 等上述动词或谓语动词是这些词且主语不是第一人称时,附加部分由主句决定。I think that he is right, isnt he?

15、I dont believe he is a student, is he? He supposes that she will come tonight, doesnt he? He never said he was a good student, did he?五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分:eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived.句 1 中 if 引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件” ,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句 2 中 if

16、引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词 dont know 的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法:1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。if 充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于 whether, 词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when 充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当的时候”。3、从时态看。if 和 when 作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if 和 when 充当从属连词时,引导条件和时

17、间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?Sorry,I dont knowWhen he comes back,Ill tell you对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨,他会来的。【重难点例题启发与方法总结】(1)I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whe

18、n B.if C.whether D./【解析】答案:D hope 后面应该接 that 引导的宾语从句,that 在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。(2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where【解析】答案:A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。(3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whether B.why C.what D.how【解析】答案:A 本句表达一

19、种不确定的概念,用 whether 或 if。(4)Do you know _?Im going to see him.Sorry,I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived【解析】答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除 A、B 两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。(5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer?Sorry,I have no idea.A.;bought B.has;bought C.di

20、d;buy D.does;buy【解析】答案:A do you think 是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。(6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.that B.whether C.why D.where【解析】答案:C 句意为“ 我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。(7)(2010 北京中考大纲卷) Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry,I have no idea.A.how much did she pay for B.how muc

21、h will she pay forC.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for【解析】答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除 A、B 两项,由 last week 判断应该用过去时态。(8)(2010 北京中考大纲卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we started B.when did we startC.when we will start D.when will we start【解析】答案:C 由 tomorrow 判断,应该用将来时态表示。(9)In the

22、bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if【解析】注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字谁动了我的奶酪 ,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是 D 项。答案: D 本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese,它本身含有一个 who,容易给人造成误解。 在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。(10)I was told _ Bill

23、 Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when【解析】注意后面从句的含义是“比尔盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑 ”,应该用 when 表示“当时”,本句中的 that 是宾语从句的引导词。所以选 D 项。答案:D 。本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在 when 上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。 做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。(11)(2010 江苏苏州中考)I wonder _. Zeb

24、ras.A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animals【解析】本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除 B、D 两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选 C 项。答案: C 本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型 call sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人”。解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。(12)(2010 北京中考)Im diff

25、erent from my twin sister.I love dancing,_ she is interested in reading.A.so B.or C.but D.and【解析】本句是转折关系,选择 C 项。答案:C 本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式,不细读题而误选 D 项。 并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系,所以一定要把题读完再作判断。(13)(2010 重庆中考)Work hard,_ you may catch up with your classmates soon.A.or B.but C.and D.yet【解析】本句是“祈使句and”的句型,句意为“

26、努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and 在句中表示承接关系,所以选 C 项。答案:C 。本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“ 祈使句or” ,这个句型的含义是“,不然的话/ 否则” 。祈使句后面既可以加 and,也可以加 or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定。14.What time will Mr Brown be back to China? (2009 年)Sorry, I dont know A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroadC.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay

27、abroad答案:D 由题可知,选项是做 Know 的宾语,而宾语从句要用陈诉句语序,所以答案选D15. Some of my friends are interested in science,but none of them can tell (2010 年)A when UFOs will appear next time B why do horses know the wayC where was this kind of plant found D how do elephants communicate答案:A 由题可知,选项做 tell 的宾语,宾语从句用陈诉句语序,所以答案选

28、 A16.I didnt see Laura at the party last night. Do you know (2011 年)A. why didnt she come B. what happenedC. when would she arrive D.where she has been答案: B 宾语从句用陈述句语序17. My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. Im thinking about_.(2012 年)A:what present did give her B:how I will give her a sur

29、priseC: where will we have a big meal D:whether I planned a trip for her答案:B 宾语从句用陈诉句语序18.-Miss Lee,Ididnt catch what you said,Could you tell me _ again? (2013 年)-OK!A. what should we take B.where shall we meet C.when we would start D.how we will get there答案: D 宾语从句用陈诉句语序19.The girls asked if they _

30、 some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take答案:A 宾语从句中,如果主句为过去时态,宾语从句的谓语动词必须根据需要选择过去时态的某一种形式20Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been答案:D (1)宾语从句中,如果主句为过去时态,宾语从句的谓语动词必须根据需要选择过去时 态的某一种形式,故排除 A 和 C( 2 )have

31、gone to 到某地去. 说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一人称,第二人称代词做句子的主语如:-where is Jim?-He has gone to England 他去英国了(尚未回来)如:Mr Wang isnt here. He has gone to Qingdao 王先生不在这里,他去青岛了Have been to 曾经去过某地 (现在已回来了,后可接次数, 如:once twice three times 等,表示去过某地几次,也可和 just, never, ever 等连用)如:I have never been to the Great WallMy father has

32、 been to Beijing twice 我父亲去过北京两次Have been in 表示在某地呆了多少时间,常与时间状语连用如:I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有 3 年21.The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. Are答案:C 主句为一般现在时,从句可根据需要,选用相适应的任何时态,根据题意及时间状语 today, 可知应用将来时,故选 C22.She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may答案:在宾语从句中(1)从句用陈诉句语序,故排除 A(2)如果主句是过去时态,宾语从句的谓语动词必须根据需要选择过去时 态的某一种形式,故排除 CD.23Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案:C 从句为客观真理,无论主句是什么时态,从句均用一般现在时,故选 C

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