1、1 影响农村初中学生阅读理解的障碍及解决措施1 influence the countryside junior middle school students reading comprehension obstacles and solutions 1.1 语言基础知识对阅读理解的影响。 阅读第一关是词汇量，掌握足够的词汇是理解文章的关键。我们应帮助学生找到合适的记忆方法来减轻他们的学习负担，提高学习效率。扩大词汇量的方法有许多种，在此列举如下:1.1 language basic knowledge in reading comprehension. Read the first leve
2、l is the vocabulary and master enough vocabulary is the key to understand the article. We should help the students to find the right memory method to reduce their study burden, improve the learning efficiency. There are many ways to enlarge vocabulary method, in this list is as follows: 1.1.1 注重学习与积
3、累。词汇的积累是一个循序渐进的过程，每学期初确定一个目标，除牢固掌握课文中的单词，还要记忆一定量的课外阅读材料中的单词，每月归纳，积少成多。1.1.1 pay attention to learning and accumulation. The accumulation of vocabulary is a gradual process, determine a goal at the beginning of each semester, in addition to firmly grasp the words in the text, and the memory of words,
4、 in a certain amount of extracurricular reading materials every month, many a mickle makes a muckle. 1.1.2 联想对比法。通过对比法(同类词、同义词、近义词等方式) 来扩大记忆，掌握词汇。在学习一个新单词时，可一并学习与之相关的同类词，也可以用同义词组来增加词汇量。英语中许多词组都有一个相同的意思，学一个词组的同时，记几个同义词组。同时注意总结以前学过的意思与之相近的单词。这些都是很有效的记单词的方法。1.1.2 lenovo correlation method. By comparing
5、 the method (same words, synonyms, synonyms, etc.) to expand the memory, to master vocabulary. When you learn a new word, can together study associated with the same word, synonym set can also be used to increase vocabulary. Many words in English have the same meaning, learn a phrase at the same tim
6、e, several group of synonyms. At the same time pay attention to the summary of past similar meaning with the word. These are very effective way to remember the words. 1.2 文化背景知识对阅读理解的影响和对策。 英语是不同的文化范畴，没有足够的文化背景知识，势必影响阅读理解能力的提高。因此平时要注重培养学生文化背景意识，要多注意涉及英美等英语国家的文字和视听材料，多了解美英等国的历史、文化、经济、风土、人情等背景材料，增强对外国
7、文化特征的适应性及认同感，以便于在阅读时对文段中有关人物态度、情感、思想意义及作者意图等作出正确理解。1.2 the influence of cultural background knowledge on reading comprehension and countermeasures. English is a different culture category, did not have enough cultural background knowledge, certainly will affect the improvement of reading comprehensi
8、on. So at ordinary times http:/ http:/ http:/ should pay attention to developing students consciousness of the cultural background, to pay more attention to the words of your involved in the English speaking countries such as Britain and audio-visual materials, know more about the history of countri
9、es such as the us and UK, cultural, economic, climate and human background materials, enhance the adaptability of foreign cultural characteristics and recognition, so that when reading the passage about the characters in the attitude, emotion, thinking and a correct understand the author intention,
10、etc. 2 提高阅读理解能力的方法与策略2 method and to raise the capacity of reading comprehension strategies 培养学生的阅读理解方法与技巧是提高阅读理解能力的关键。阅读文章时，还要注意下述方法与技巧:Methods and techniques to cultivate the students reading comprehension is the key to improve the ability of reading comprehension. Read the article, also note the
11、following methods and skills: 2.1 学会找文章的中心思想和主题句，抓关键词 。 在阅读任何一篇文章时，要学会抓住它的中心思想。文章的标题往往集中或概括全篇文章的中心思想。因此，在阅读任何一篇文章之前有必要细心分析一下它的标题。按照标题给我们提供的思路开始我们的阅读活动。在整个阅读过程中要有意识地、不断地思考文章的中心思想是通过哪几个词、短语、句子或段落表现它的中心思想。实际上，文章的第一段的第一句话或最后一句话往往告诉或暗示给我们它就是全篇文章的中心思想。段落中的其它句子则是围绕着这个主题句所表达的思想来进行说明、解释或扩展的。2.1 learn to find
12、 the central idea and topic sentences, grasp the key words. When reading any article, should learn to seize it. The title of the article tends to focus or generalize the center of the whole article. Before reading any article, therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze its title. According to t
13、he headline to provide us with ideas began to our reading activities. To consciously in the reading process, constantly thinking is the main idea of the article, through which a few words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs performed its central idea. In fact, the first paragraph of the article is the
14、 first or the last sentence often tell a word or hint to us it is the center of the whole article ideas. Other sentences in the paragraph is around the topic sentences to explain, explain the thought of or extended. 一般地说，主题句常出现在段首，有时也出现在段尾，个别则贯穿在全文中。因此，抓准主题句，可掌握主题思想，了解具体细节，便可回答很多有针对性的问题。文章的关键词能反映文中的
15、主要事实和特定细节，多半是名词、动词或其它重要的修饰词。Generally speaking, the topic sentence often appeared in the period of the first, sometimes appear in the section of the tail, the individual throughout the full text. So, grab the topic sentence, can grasp the theme, understand the specific details, you can answer many t
16、argeted issues. Article key words can reflect the main facts and specific details, mostly is a noun, verb, or other important modifier. http:/ http:/ http:/ 2.2 良好的阅读习惯。 如果没有良好的阅读习惯，很难在有限的时间内很好地完成阅读理解题目。阅读速度的快慢是阅读能力高低的重要标志。在提高正确率的前提下，要加快阅读速度，必须培养良好的阅读习惯，讲究阅读技巧。2.2 good reading habits. If there is no
17、 good reading habits, it is difficult to well in the limited time to complete the reading comprehension questions. How fast reading speed is an important symbol of reading ability. On the premise of improving accuracy and to speed up the reading speed, must cultivate good reading habits, reading ski
18、lls. 2.2.1 养成默读习惯。 学生在阅读时，要养成默读习惯，把注意力只停留在文字符号上，避免嘴唇的嚅动或低声朗读，以免分散注意力，减慢阅读速度。2.2.1 the silent reading habit. Students in reading, the reading habit, focus only on the text symbols, avoid lip RuDong or reading aloud, in a low voice lest distracting, slow down the reading speed. 2.2.2 扩大视幅，减少回视。 很多学生往往
19、用手指点着逐词阅读，有时还来回数次往返阅读，唯恐遗漏什么，影响了阅读速度和连贯理解。为提高阅读效率，要培养学生从整个句子去理解，迅速地从前一个句子扫视到第二个句子，以避免频频回视、重读等不良现象。2.2.2 expand the visual image, reduce regression. Burn a lot of students tend to use finger to read word for word, sometimes reading, back and forth back and forth several times for fear of missing some
20、thing, affect the reading speed and coherent understanding. In order to improve the reading efficiency, and to cultivate the students from the whole sentence to understand, once upon a time a sentence quickly scanned to the second sentence, in order to avoid adverse phenomenon such as regression, fr
21、equently stressed. 2.2.3 限定阅读时间。 在规定时间内要求学生有效地获取信息，加快阅读节奏，增加紧迫感，从而为提高阅读速度奠定良好的基础。可以在不同的教学阶级准备适当的材料让不同层次的学生在规定时间内完成一套阅读训练题。阅读材料较易，内容又较熟悉时可以快速阅读;对于阅读难度中等的材料时可以采取中速阅读法，即一般正常速度阅读; 对于那些较难的阅读材料，就要透彻的精读，这样可以牢固记忆阅读到的信息。2.2.3 limited reading time. Within the prescribed period of time students are required to
22、 effectively obtain information, to speed up the tempo, increase the sense of urgency, to improve the reading speed to lay the good foundation. Class prepare appropriate materials can be in different teaching for different levels of students to complete a set of reading training topic within the giv
23、en time. Content of reading materials easily, and is familiar with can be quickly read; Medium difficulty for reading materials can be taken when medium speed reading method, namely the general normal reading speed; For those that are harder to reading materials, thorough intensive reading, so I can
24、 firmly memory read information. 总之，在英语阅读教学中教师要不断深入对英语阅读理解相关理论的学习和研究。同http:/ http:/ http:/ 时要在教学实际中寻找更多、更具体的影响学生阅读理解的因素，以便在阅读中排除歧义，作出正确的判断和推理。提高英语阅读理解能力，特别是农村初中学生的阅读理解能力，是一个长期的、艰巨的工程，也是一个值得广大教师不断研究的课题。In a word, in English reading teaching the teacher wants to further the study of English reading co
25、mprehension related theory and research. At the same time in the teaching practice, to find more and more specific factors influencing the students reading comprehension, so as to eliminate ambiguity in the reading, to make the right judgment and reasoning. Improving English reading comprehension ability, especially in the countryside junior middle school students reading comprehension ability, is a long-term and arduous project, is also a concern of teachers continued research.
