1、改错题解析 改错部分（error correction）是一种主观测试题，其目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力。题型通常为一篇 200 字左右的短文，文中分布有共 10 个错误，有“错误“标号的行中最多只有一个错误。要求考生通过改正、增添或删除行中的某个词或短语的方式写出答案。答题时间为 15 分钟。 改错题综合了阅读理解、词汇与语法结构两种题型的特点，它不仅测试考生对篇章的理解能力，而且也测试考生对词汇和语法知识的掌握；同时，它还检查考生拼写单词的能力。 当然，了解错误类型也是答题方法之一。从形式上看，需要纠正的错误分为两类：语法结构错误和用词错误，而且这两种错误有时是互相关联的。用词方面可能
2、是意义或形式容易混淆的词，可能是意义相反的词，也可能是语法错误或搭配错误的词；语法结构错误可能是词形变化有误造成的，它可能是词形、时态、语态、性、数、格等语法方面的错误。 一、常考典型错误 1、一致性方面的错误1)主谓一致主谓不一致错误是 CET-6 综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。例：The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problem
3、s.句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数 is。2)名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如 many, several, a number of, a variety of 等等，就要变成复数形式。例：Computer, as we all know, has many possible use in different fields.句中名词 use 前的修饰语 many 是用来修饰复数名词的，所以 use 应改为 uses。3)代词与先
4、行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中 without them 指的是没有几门语言的知识。them 错指 a knowledge of several languages，因为其中 knowledge 是中心词，所以要把 the
5、m 改为 it。2、时态、语态、虚拟语气1)时态错误在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。例：He cant remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有 once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时 knew。2)语态错误在 CET-6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语
6、，因而也就没有被动语态。例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而 telling 应改为 being told。3)虚拟语气错误虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest
7、 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故 is 应改为 be 或 should be。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order，等等。3、连接词、并列句、从属句这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例：Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the ap
8、plication of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.句中连词“since” 用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是 since 使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas” 。4、形容词、副词比较级、最高级这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。例：Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句 costl
9、y 是形容词，意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是 more costly。costlier 是错误的形式，须改成 costly。5、平行结构平行结构错误主要指在连接词 and 前后语法结构不对等、不平行。 例：Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.本句中三个平行成份 which products to emphasize now, which to
10、 develop 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop。6、非谓语动词非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。例：The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea 是主语； is realized 是谓语部分；that 引导同位语从句。从句中 learn a forei
11、gn language 是主语，而 learn 是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。 7、固定搭配 固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。 例：It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology. 句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配，应把“takes”改为 gives。“give rise to”是固定表达，有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语
12、。 8、词性错误 词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。 例：We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job. 句中形容词 necessary 用于修饰形容词 capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式 necessarily。9、易混淆的词 英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如 assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effec
13、t/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。 例：His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把 award 改成 reward。 二、解题思路与技巧 从上面的错误类型分析可知，做改错题一定要具有一双“慧眼”。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点，而是能够识别出错误的用法，以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。 答题步骤： 1)
14、一般来说，做题时千万不要拿起来就改。先花一、两分钟从头到尾通读全文，对文章大致内容有所了解，做到心中有数。 2)然后把重点放在有错误项的标有题号行，寻找较容易辩认的语法错误，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。 3)如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误，易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。 4)如果错行中既不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意：有时没有错项的行对改错很有帮助。 5)找到错误项之后，按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添，并设法找到一个正确
15、项使句子在语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behaviorViewing biologically， S1 _the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting packHis killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his divy into a goal-mouthIf his aim is inaccurate an
16、d he scores a goal， S2_ enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his divy S3_To understand how this transformation has taken place，we must briefly look up at our S4_ ancient ancestorsThey spent over a million year S5_ evolving as co-operative huntersTheir very survival depended on success in the huntin
17、g-fieldUnder this divssure their whole way of life，even if their bodies，became radically S6_ changedThey became chasers，runners ， jumpers，aimers，throwers and divy-killers S7_ They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers Then，about ten thousand years ago，when S8_ this immensely long formative per
18、iod of hunting for food，they became farmersTheir improved intelligence，so vital to their old hunting life， were put to a new use-that of penning， S9_controlling and domesticating their divyThe food was there on the farms， awaiting their needsThe risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer esse
19、ntial for survival S10_ 本文大意： 体育运动是从狩猎演变而来。足球运动员就来自猎人，狩猎的武器就是足球，猎物就是球门。这一演变的由来可以追溯到远古时期。人们花了一百多万年的时间学会了在狩猎中相互协作。人们生存的保障取决于猎场的成果。为了生存人们练就各种本领，然而，约在一万年前，人们才想到了圈养猎物以备食用。 本文的难度： 1在词汇方面，使用了一些合成词：foot- baller（踢足球的人），goal-mouth（球门）， hunting-field（猎场），divy-killers（捕杀猎物的人），male-group（一群男性的）；另外有一些词词形变化很大：modi
20、fied（改变的），biologically（生物学上）， transformation（转换）， evolving（演变）， formative（有助于形成的）， domesticating（把 作为家禽来饲养）。 2在结构方面，有许多词语充分借助词语本身及句子所含的逻辑关系，表达严谨、紧凑，增加了理解上的难度。 Viewing biologically，the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack（从生物演变角度来看，现代踢足球的人便出自一伙乔装打扮的猎人。） Under this div
21、ssure their whole way of life， even if their bodies，became radically changed（在这种压力下，他们整个的生活方式，乃至他们的身体，都发生了巨大的变化。） this immensely long formative period of hunting for food（极为漫长的原始狩猎期） Their improved intelligence，so vital to their old hunting life，were put to a new use- that of penning（把关在圈中），controll
22、ing and domesticating their divy（他们的智力得以增强，这对他们过去的狩猎生活极为重要。他们的才智派上了新的用畅- 把猎物关在圈中，看管起来，作为家禽来饲养。） 答案及解析： S1Viewing Viewed。这句话中，viewing 的逻辑主语是 the modern footballer，是指人们“从生物演变角度来看“，因此两者存在着被动关系。 S2inaccurate accurate。只有目标明确，才能进球得分。“目标不明确 “和“得分“ 在语义上自相矛盾。 S3enjoys he enjoys。从这句话的结构上来看，是复合句。主句的谓语动词没有主语，从
23、his aim 可以得知，应加上主语 he。 S4look up at look at。这句话要表达的意思是：“要想了解这种演变，我们就必须简要地研究（回顾）一下我们远古的祖先。“look at 有“看，朝看，研究“ 的意思。look up at 意思是“朝上看“ ，在此不通顺。此处的另外一种改法是把 up 改为 back，成为 look back at，其意思为“ 回顾“。 S5year years。数词，如 hundred，thousand ，million ，billion 等，加上名词后，数词仍旧为单数，名词变为复数。 S6even if even。这里表示进一步强调，不是表示条件，要
24、去掉 if。even if 为连词，意思是“即使，纵然“ 。 S7and or。原文中 chasers，runners， jumpers，aimers，throwers 与 divy-killers 之间应该是选择并列关系，所以应把 and 改为 or。 S8when after。这句话要表达的意思是：“大约在一万多年前，经过漫长的原始狩猎期后，他们成了农民。“ 根据上下文的意思，应该是表示“在之后“。 S9were was。主语 their improved intelligence 是单数。 S10farming hunting。这句话要表达的意思是：“狩猎的危险和收获的不稳定，再也不是生
25、存中极其重要的了。“根据上下文来看，“务农“只会带来稳定的生活。 Animation（动画）means making things which are lifeless comeAlive and move. At earliest times, people have always been fascinated by 1._movement. But not until this century we managed to capture 2._movement, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it a
26、nd recreate it. To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projector. In the world of animation, everything is impossible. You can make 3._ the characters you create do exactly what you want them to do. A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat, creating by Pat Sullivan in 4._ America in t
27、he early nineteen twenties. Felix was a marvelous cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do as taking off his tail, using it for a handle and then putting it back. The famous Walt Disney 5._ cartoon characteristics came to life after 1928. Popeye the Sailorman and 6._ his girl fri
28、end Olive. Olive are born at the Max Fleischer studios in 1933. But 7._to be an animator, you dont have to be a profession. It is possible for 8._ anyone to make a simple animated film without use a camera at all. All 9._ what you have to do is draw directly on to blank film and then run the film 10
29、._ through a projector. 参考答案及解析： 1At - Since 介词误用，属词法错误题。此介词短语充当句子的时间状语，整个句子的时态是现在完成时，故介词应用 since。2we 前加 have句法错误。状语 not until提前，后面的主句主谓倒装，根据上下文和谓语 managed 可推断该句应为完成时。3everything - nothing 或 impossible - possible逻辑反义词，属逻辑错误。根据上下文和文章中心内容，此处应该说的是“在卡通动画世界里，没有什么是不可能的”。4creating - created非谓语动词误用，属词法错误。此处
30、的非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语 Felix the Cat（菲力克斯猫）是被动关系，所以用过去分词。5for - like 或 as介词错误。“把.当.用”应该说为 uselike / as.6characteristics - characters近形词混淆，属词法错误。Characteristic 意为“特点、特性” ，而此处指的是“卡通人物”，故用characters.7are - were8profession - professional近形词混淆。Profession 是名词，意为“职业”，而这里指的意思应该是“专业人员”，professional作形容词时意为“专业的”，作名词时意为
31、“专业人员”。9use - using非谓语动词误用。介词后面应该跟名词或动名词。10what - that 或 / Unlike any earlier building complex anywhere in the world, Rocke-Feller in New York City was built, not for a place where people could 1. _ live in, but as a city in which they could work. It was one of the 2._ smallest building projects of
32、its kind, a city within city, and of the forerunner 3. _ of projects that has sprung up all over the world. 30 architects, 120 draftsmen, 4. _ and hundreds of other artists and technicians are employed just to 5. _ draft the plan. Before the buildings could be erect, 229 old buildings had 6. _to be
33、emptied of 4,000 tenants and razed. Just to buy up the leases tookover two years and cost over $6,000,000. The unusual shape and setbacksof the 70-story RCA building resulted primary from practical considerations 7. _ such as lighting, the movement of people and the buildings services. The lower con
34、course and basement level were set aside for shops. A Sunken plaza, complete with yards and fountains, were designed to provide 8. _ access in these shops. Today the plaza, which is used for ice-skating 9. _ winter and dining and dancing in summer, is one of the centers most popular attraction. 10.
35、_ 巩固与拓展： 1head - mind 本题考查固定搭配 keep in mind 的用法，意思为 “记住” 2Rooms 后加 with 本题考查 fill sth with sth 的用法，意思为“使充满 ，使填满”。注意还有 be filled with，be full of 的用法，两个的意思同样为“填满了、充满了”。3consisted 后加 of consist 为不及物动词，如果要再后面跟宾语的话应先加上 of，意思为“由构成”。4make - take take advantage of 为固定搭配，意思为“ 利用”，与其同样意思的词组还有make use of。5by -
36、 for 综合练习： 1for - as 介词误用。根据句意，此处意思是“作为”的意思，故用 as。2去掉第一个 in句子结构混乱。此处定语从句的关系副词为 where，证明从句缺地点状语；live 后面如果使用 in，那么从句就只却宾语，所以将 in 去掉。3smallest - biggest逻辑错误。整篇文章讲的都是纽约城洛克菲勒地区的建设如何完善和巨大，因此它成为“城中城”，可见此处要说的是“它是同类型项目中最大的一个”，故将 smallest 改为 biggest4has - have 主谓不一致。定语从句的谓语动词应该和先行词保持一致，此处先行词为复数，所以谓语动词用have。5a
37、re - were 整篇文章的基本时态为一般过去时，此处依然将过去的事情，故将 are 改为 were。6erect - erected 此处是典型的被动语态，系动词后面要使用过去分词。7primary - primarily词性混淆。此处应该用副词修饰动词 resulted。8were - was主谓不一致。本句的主语为 A Sunken plaza，而 complete with yards and fountains 只是插入语，所以谓语动词要用单数。9in - to此处 access to 意为“通向的入口”，与其相关的词组还有 have access to（to 为介词） ,意思为“
38、有权利，有机会做” 。10attraction - attractions名次单复数问题。前面有了 one of，attraction 又时可数名词，故使用复数 1.You have to practice speak English as much as possible _1_now since you are going to England next year2.Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the _2_global environment, one is surely justified in his c
39、oncern for the money and resources 3.At the beginning of 19th century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being _3_poor and dangerous. 4.Today, the Mona Lisa looks rather somber, in dull shapes of brown and yellow. This is due to a layer of varnish cover
40、the _4_paint, which has yellowed over the years5.We should avoid from those shallow people who are easily _5_changed by adversities misfortune.6.Taking together, these factors enabled the working class to exist _6_but allowed them no sense of security.7.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,0
41、00 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago , most of them locating in outlying areas. _7_8.Charles Deschanel stressed that the French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance between its import and export trade. _8_9. Deciding how much discomfort
42、and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. _9_10. Television, it is often said, keeps one informing about current _10_events and the latest developments in science and politics.参考答案及解析 1. speak-
43、speakingpractise 后的宾语要用-ing 形式。 2. Consider - Considering 3. being - were 4. cover - covering此处的 cover 用来修饰前面的名词 a layer of varnish，可见应该使用非谓语动词形式。另外两者间是主动关系，故使用现在分词。 5. from - avoid 是及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语。 6. Taking - Taken此处的非谓语动词 take 与主句主语 these factors 之间是被动关系。 7. locating - locatedmost of them locatin
44、g in outlying areas 这句是独立主格结构，them 指代的是 residential lots，be located in 表示“坐落在”，locate 要用过去分词。 8. between - balance 作动作词时是及物动词，后面不用加介词，意思是“使平衡”。 9. remain leaveremain：保持、仍然，是一个表示状态的动词，其用法和系动词“be”相似，后面所接成分一般是名词或形容词，作表语。leave 是“留下，留给”的意思，是及物动词。leave sth.to sb：把某物留给某人。所以应把 remain 改成 leave。 10. informing
45、 - informed本题中 one 指的是人，one 与 inform 之间是被动关系，informed 作的是宾语补足语。Keep + sth /sb + a / v-ing / v-ed，宾语补足语是用现在分词还是过去分词取决于它与 sth / sb 之间是被动还是主动关系。 If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoke and troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, 1. _ and you are certainly dece
46、iving yourself. No one will accuse you 2._with hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of 3._ wishful thinking. This neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in a good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is 4._ raised, the governments of most countr
47、ies hear no evil, see no evil d smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have not taken timid 5._ measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death. You dont have to look very far to find out that the official reactions 6._ to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simple money. 7._ Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. Its almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue lonely, the government of Br
