1、1虚拟语气英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使 语气和虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。My favorite sport is swimming.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a good boy he is!2. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或 劝告等。Be careful!Dont forget to close the window.Lets go to the park this Sunday.3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建 议、怀疑或推测。
2、If I were you, I should study English harder.(表假设)I wish every family had a house of their own. (表愿望)The doctor advised that he (should) take exercise regularly.（表建 议）It is surprising that he should be such a foolish man.他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！（表感到意外）He cant have arrived, for his car broke down on the way.
3、他不可能已经到了，因为他的 车坏在路上。 （推测） 1 用相应的过去时态表示“愿望” 1. wish 之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气hope 后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：I hope you will have a good trip there.wish 后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示 “愿望”，与事实相反。本来是一般现在 时的，要用成一般 过去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成 过去完成时。 I wish I remembered the address. I wish you had written to him. I wish you would stop asking silly q
4、uestions.1. 【2002 上海】How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had2. 【2011 北京】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been3. I wish I _ y
5、ou yesterday. A. saw B. did seeC. had seen D. were to see4. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. was B. wereC. had been D. went 2. if onlyonly if 表示“只有”; if only 则表示“如果就好了”。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.要是闹钟响了就好了！表示现在的情况，应用过去式； 如果
6、是过去的情况，应用过去完成时态。if only 也可用于陈述语气。If only I had listened to your advice, things wouldnt have gone so wrong.5. 【2003 上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would followC. had followed D. should follow6. If only Grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B. co
7、uld see C. must see D. should see7. I would get it for you _ I could remember who last borrowed it. A. on condition that B. except that C. if only D. considering whether 3. Its (high/about) time thatIt is (high/about) time that 后谓语用过去式或“should动词 原形（should 不能省略 ）”表示“愿望”，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“ 早就 该做某事了”。It is
8、time that the government took action. It is about time that the government took action.It is high time that the government took action. It is (about high) time that the government should take action.但不可说 It is high time that the government take action.因为 should 不能省略。8. It is high time the child _ to
9、 the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sentC. be sent D. was sent9. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York? A. gone B. should goC. go D. will go10. It is time that the government _ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. tookC. has taken D. taking11. 【
10、2012 辽宁】Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 4. would rather 后跟从句时would rather 后接句子 时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时。Id rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。表示与过去相反的愿望时用
11、过去完成时。Id rather I hadnt said it. 我真希望我没有这样说过。12. Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed B. you stayC. stayed D. stay 13. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. do B. dont do
12、C. didnt do D. will not do14. 【2010 江苏】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A. focus B. focusedC. would focus D. had focused 1. 用相应的过去时态来表达“愿望”（P. 234） 2 用虚拟条件句表“假设”条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能 发生的，就是真 实条件句。真实条件句中的谓语用陈 述语气。If it d
13、oesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。网搜高中英语语法通霸如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你 这件事的。 （事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这 件事。 ）虚拟条件句分三种情况：与现在相反，与 过去相反，与将来相反。其从句和主句的谓语 形式如下：时 间 if 条件句 主 句过 去 had done would /sho
14、uld /could /might have done现 在 did （were） would /should /could /might do将 来 should do were to do did （were） would /should/could/might do注：would, should, could 与 might 的选择： 一般常用 would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用 will 一样。常译作“将、就会 ”。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。 should 在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几
15、乎不用。可能是因 为在 陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用 shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲 ，第一人称后也可用 should。但在现代英语中，特 别是美语中，人们常说：Ill go home.或 I will go home. 但很少人说 I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中， should 也很少用。 could 用于虚拟条件句中时，有“ 能够，可能 ”之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。 might 用于虚
16、 拟条件句时，常 译 作“ 或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或 许会和他吵起来。 1. 表示与现在事实相反 If I knew German, I would read the book in the original.31. If it _ so hard, wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rain2. If there were no water
17、 in the world, everything _.A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 3. Were safer in a train than we would be if we _ any other way.A. traveled B. had traveled C. travel D. have traveled4. Why dont you explain it to her?I _ it to her if I thought she would understand.A. w
18、ould explain B. will explain C. explain D. would have explained5. 【2012 湖南】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had hadC. have D. had 2. 表示与过去事实相反You wouldnt have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.6. If I _ you，I _ to Australia w
19、ith Mr. Smith. A. had been; would goB. were; had gone C. were; would have goneD. am; will go7. 【2010 湖南】If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followed D. would follow8. 【2012 山东】If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful
20、. A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made9. 【2013 重庆】It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.A. hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont10. 【2013 江苏】I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thought B. would
21、 think C. had thought D. have thought 3. 表示对将来发生情况的怀疑或实现的可能性很小11. What would we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snowC. snow D. will snow12. 【2009 天津】This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D
22、. might13. The volleyball match would be put off if it _ tomorrow.A. will rain B. rainsC. rained D. is rained14. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? A. was sinking B. has sunk C. were to sink D. sunk15. _ today, he would get there by Friday.
23、A. Was he leaving B. If he is leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves16. 【2012 安徽】Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 4. should 有“万一”之意在 与 现 在 相 反 的 虚 拟 条 件
24、句 中 ，从 句 谓 语 有三 种 形 式 ，其 中 一 种 为 “should+动 词 原 形 ”，主 要是 因 为 should 有 “万 一 ”之 意 ，表 示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。if 条件从句谓语由 should 加动词 原形构成时，主句谓语有用虚拟语气的也有不用虚拟语气的。Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个 电话。 should 还常用在 for fear that, in case(以防), lest(以防) 等引导 的状语从句中。17. He is working har
25、d for fear that he _ to pass the exam.A. fails B. may failC. should fail D. would fail18. He doesnt dare to leave the house in case _.A. he will recognize B. he should be recognized C. he is recognized D. he recognize19. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. breaks down
26、 C. would break down B. broke down D. should break down 5. 错综时间虚拟条件句所谓 错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过 去，而主句却指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的 语境情况， 结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去将来; 错综时间虚拟条件句) If they had started in the early morning, they woul
27、d be here now. (过去现在; 错综时间虚拟条件句)If they had started in the early morning, they would have arrived. (过去过去；不是错综时间 虚拟条件句)20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen
28、C. should fall D. were to fall21. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been22. 【2013 北京】If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have booked B. bookedC. book D. had booked23. 【2013 天津】If he had spent more time practisin
29、g speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 6. if 的省略虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可把 if省略，而把 were, had, should 放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面 语中。如： Were it necessary, I might resign.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off th
30、e visit to the Summer Palace.Were there to be a flood, what should we do?Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.24. 【2012 浙江】 Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had25. _ what was going to happen, I
31、would never have left her alone.A. Had I known B. If I knowC. If I knew D. If had I known 26. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 27. _ the work, he would do it some other way.A. Was he going B. If he does C. Were he to do D.
32、If he is doing28. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 29. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be 30.
33、The business is risky. But _ we would be rich.A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed 7. 用 was 还是用 were在当代英语中，尤其在口语中，单数主语常用was 代替虚 拟式 were。如： I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻 10 岁。在含义上，有时 was 发生的可能性大于 were。如： He looks as if he was ill. 他像是病了。 但在倒装虚拟结构及
34、if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻 10 岁的话，我会去国外学 习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住 这次机会。as it were“可以说，在某种程度上”。英语解释为：as if it were really so。He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.他可以说是一部活字典。He became
35、, as it were, a man without a country.他在某种程度上成了一个无国籍的人。但在正式文体中仍须用 were。在考 试中最好还是用were。 8. 根据主句谓语或从句谓语判断是否是虚拟语气一般情况下，从句和主句要用陈述语气都用陈述语气，要用虚拟语气都用虚 拟语气。如：Would you mind if I opened the window?比较：Do you mind if I smoke ?我们可以利用这个规律来帮助我们做题。（注意：should 用在条件从句中表示 “万一”时，主句可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。如： If he should come tom
36、orrow, I will/would ask him for help.）31. 【2012 全国】Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need32. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _ if we leave it here.A. would be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. w
37、ill have been fined33. If he _ not ill, I _ invite him to our party.A. is; would B. were; wouldC. were; will D. was; would34. 【2013 新课标 I】If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt acted B. havent actedC. dont act D. wont act5 2. 虚拟条件句在写作中也很有用（P. 235） 3 含蓄条件句有些句子中，没有任何表示
38、虚拟语气的词、短 语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。 这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐 含在上下文之中(otherwise 或 in that case)或者用介词替代了（常见的介词有 with, without , but for）。高中英语语法通霸。如：Given more time, we could have done it better.Without air we could not live on the earth. But for the storm we would have been there in time. 1. but1. I _ you a more va
39、luable present for your birthday，but I was short of money at that time. A. would buy B. had boughtC. would have bought D. must have bought2. 【2011 福建】Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. w
40、ould have attended3. 【2013 安徽】I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.A. went B. had goneC. would go D. would have gone 2. without4. Without your help, I _ so much progress in my studies in such a short time.A. dont make B. didnt make C. will not have made D. would not h
41、ave made5. 【1997 上海】Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly6. 【2011 陕西】I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have gone B.
42、didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 3. otherwise7. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _.A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed 8. Where have you been? I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner. A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I w
43、ould have been here 9. 【2012 福建】We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited 4. or10. He didnt come yesterday，or you _ him. A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen11. Sally can
44、t have written to me, or _ the letter by now.A. Ill get B. Ill have got C. Id have got D. Id get 5. but for“要不是”12. But for the leadership of our Party and Government，we _ these splendid results.A. have achieved B. wouldnt have achieved C. should have achieved D. would achieve13. 【2011 江西】 We _ John
45、s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have putC. would put D. would have put14. 【2009 福建】But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won 6.
46、if it werent/hadnt been for“如果不是”与现在相反，用 if it werent for； 与过去相反，用 if it hadnt been for。15. If it were not for the snowy weather, we _ all right.A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 16. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it not been for B. If it were not
47、C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 17. _ for the traffic jam, I could have covered fifty miles.A. Had it been B. Had it not been C. It had not been D. It not had been18. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. It were not B. Had it not been C. Werent it D. Ha
48、d not it been 7. even if/even though (参看 P. 126Error! Reference source not found.)19. Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay.A. would be tended B. was tendedC. has been tended D. had been tended20. He _ you more help，even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. need have given D. may give21. Even if he _ here, he
