1、第 1 章:词法名词专项知识精讲1、名词的概念名词是表示人、事物、动物、地点、时间以及抽象概念等名称的词。eg:Sam 萨姆 swing 秋千 bear 熊(人名) (事物) (动物)Moon Street 月亮街 June 六月 UK 英国(地名) (月份) (国家)fun 乐趣(抽象名词)2、名词的分类(1)专有名词1、概念:专用名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。2、分类:人名:Cinderella (灰姑娘) Tina(蒂娜)国家、城市:China(中国) Australia(澳大利亚) Shanghai(上海)建筑、街道:Sun Street(太阳街)星期、月份、节日:Sunday(星
2、期天) May(五月) Chinese New Year(中国农历新年)(2)普通名词:1、概念:不是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。2、分类: 名词的数1、不可数名词(1)概念:不可以直接用数字直接计算的名词,它没有单复数之分,如:juice、bread、coffee 等。(2)表达方式:表示不可数名词的量。可以用两种表达方式 1、用 much,a lot of,some,any,a little,a little 来表示量的多少。eg:There is some soup on the table.In the fridge,there is a lot of meat.2、用容器来表示量的多
3、少eg:a cup of tea 一杯茶 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶a bowl of soup 一碗汤 a piece of paper 一张纸(若容器前的数量2,则容器变复数。 )eg:three glasses of water 三杯水 five pieces of 五则新闻2、可数名词(1)概念:可以直接用数字计算出来的名词,有单复数变化。(2)变化规则情况 规则 例词1、一般情况 词尾加“s” arm-arms rabbit-rabbits2、以 s、x、ch、sh 和有生命的 o 结尾的加 es mango-mangoes sandwich-sandwichesbox
4、-boxes bus-buses3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 变 y 为“ies” body-bodies story-stories4、以 f/fe 结尾的 变 f/fe 为“ves” knife-knives housewife-housewives5、以 man 结尾表示一类人的变 man-men policeman-policamenfireman-firemen 6、单复数同形的 既可表示单数,也可表示复数。fish-fishes Chinese-ChineseJapanese -Japanese7、单词中有“oo” 变 oo 为 ee tooth-teeth foot-feet8、
5、不规则变化 child-children mouse-miceox-oxen要点提升:1、关于有生命的 o 结尾单词的口诀。黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿炒土豆饭后加个芒果。Negro(黑人)-Negroeshero(英雄)-heroestomato(西红柿)-tomatoespotatoes(土豆)-potatoesmango-mangoes2、3、名词的格(1)概念:表示所属关系,意为“.的” 。 eg:Liu Taos 刘涛的(2)结构形式:名词所有格的两种形式,一种是加“s / ”的结构,另一种是“of ”的结构。1、不以 s 结尾的名词+ “s” Helens(海伦的) my sisters(
6、我姐姐的)Womens Day(妇女节)Childrens hobbies(孩子们的业余爱好)2、以 s 结尾的名词+ “” teachersoffice (老师的办公室)my parentsfriends(我父母的朋友们)my grandparentspresents(我祖父的礼物)3、几个人共同拥有的,在最后一个名字后+“s”几个人分别拥有的,在各自名字后+“s”Su Hai and Su Yangs mother(苏海和苏洋的妈妈)Su Hais and Su Yangs bags(苏海和苏洋的书包)4、无生命的名词所有格,一般用 of 结构 a map of China(一张中国地图)
7、a photo of my family(一张我的全家福)跟踪训练1、在不可数名词前的括号内打“”1.( )pudding 2.( )sweet 3.( )bread 4.( )letter5.( )coffee 6.( )Chinese 7.( )wind 8.( )cake9.( )juice 10.( )e-friend 11.( )film 12.( )housework13.( )hobby 14.( )rice 15.( )swing 16.( )milk17.( )hole 18.( )hair 19.( )messeage 20.( )tea21.( )soup 22.( )s
8、now 23.( )ladybird 24.( )water25.( )fun 26.( )homework 27.( )cap 28.( )ice29.( )rubbish 30.( )toy 31.( )egg 32.( )medicine2、写出下列名词的复数形式1.policeman_ 2.mouse_ 3.fish_4.child_ 5.season_6.watch_7.tooth_ 8.box_ 9.Chinese_10.factory_ 11.floor_ 12.tomato_13.play_ 14.walkman_ 15.radio_16.dress_ 17.zoo_ 18.h
9、ero_19.storybook_20.wife_ 3、翻译短语1.一张江苏地图_ 2.两盒苹果_3.许多中国人_ 4.堆雪人_5.三场鹦秀_ 6.妇女节_7.写日记_ 8.一些布丁_9.一些钢琴_ 10.大量的雨水_4、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Are there many students in the park on_(child)Day?2.Did you pick any_(peach)on the farm last Sunday?3.My uncle is a doctor,he can help sick_(people).4.How many _(family)are t
10、here in that building?5.Bobbys _(parent)room is on the second floor.6.Happy _(teacher)Day!7.There are two_(glass)of_(honey)on the table.8.In Australia,you can see many_(kangaroo).5、选择题( )1.That_ is for you,these _are for us.A.doll,robot B.dolls,robots C.doll,robots( )2.-Do you like _? -No,I like_.A.
11、pineapples,tomatos B.pineapples,tomatoes C.a pineapple,tomatoes( )3.How many_would you like?A.hamburger B.sandwiches C.rice( )4._teaches Maths.A.My friends B.My grabdparents C .My friends cousin( )5.There is some_in Mikes _house.A.soup,parents B.fish,parents C.cakes,parents( )6.The_ has many hobbies
12、,but the _dont.A.woman,man B.woman,men C.women,men( )7.-Where is_mother?-Shes in the kitchen.A.Su Hais and Su Yangs B.Su Hai and Su Yangs C.Su Hais and Su Yang( )8._often writes letters to her e-friends.A.Mrs Brown B.Mr Brown C.Mrs Brown.6、按要求写句子。1.There is a mouse on the bed.(改为复数句)_2.They like playing football.(改为单数句)_3.This is my hobby.(改为复数句)_4.Here is a woman driver in the office.(改为复数句)_5.They are Australian boys.(改为单数句)_6.Id like a bottle of mango juice.(改为复数句)_7.Is there a fish in the basket?(改为复数句)_名词专项答案