1、 备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 1 -十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编-名词 名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。解题方法：1. 熟记近义名词的辨析2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如： advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family,
2、audience 等等3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4. 掌握名词的所有格5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复6. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用【2011 江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.Aconsequence Bindependence Ccompetence Dintelligence【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。 ”consequence 后果，结果
3、；independence 独立；competence 能力，胜任，称职；intelligence 智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选 C。【2011 福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。 ”result 结果； cause 原因；wa
4、rning 警告；reflection 反映。cause 与 global climate change 存在着因果关系，故选 B。【2011 浙江卷, 18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。 ”emotion 情绪；principle 原则，准则；regulation 规定，规则；opinions 意见。根据句意选 B。【2011 四川卷,13】
5、Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens . A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。 ”out of touch 不联系，不接触；out of sight 看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach 手够不着 , 达不到；out of distance 远离=far away。根备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 2 -据前面的交代的
6、危险品，选 C。【2011 湖北卷,21】 “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！” 母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。 ”anger 生气；rudeness 粗鲁；regret 后悔；panic 惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选 D。【2011 湖北卷,22】Giving up my jo
7、b to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。 ”project 项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition 比赛，竞争；ambition 抱负，雄心，野心
8、。 commitment 与后面的 decision 相呼应，故选 B。【2011 湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。 ”in terms of
9、 就而论；in need of 需要；in favor of 赞成；in praise of 表扬，赞扬。【2011 江西卷 31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】sympathy 同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point 意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选 D。【2011 山东卷,34】T
10、heres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。 ”tradition 传统；balance 平衡；concern 关心；relationship 关系，联系。句中 somebody 与they 相照应，说明不止一次，因此用 tradi
11、tion 作答案。【2011 江苏卷,32】Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。 ”in detail 详细地；in general 一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose 故意地；on time 准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 3 -A。10 安徽 I havent see
12、n Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析hearing 意为 “听力”；strength 意为 “力气；力量”； recognition 意为 “认出；识别；认识” ； measure 意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “她变得认不出来了。 ”10 江西 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licens
13、e reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity答案A考点考查名词。解析a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。10 山东 Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter答案A考点本
14、题考查名词在具体语境的使用。解析句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。 ”所以 A 项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除” 。 safety 表示 “安全, 保险” ；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter 表示 “掩蔽, 保护” 。10 天津 James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position答案A考点考查名词意义和用法。解析句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为
15、电视腾出空间。make room for 是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让空”的意思, 其中的 room 是不可数名词。10 江苏 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization答案B考点名词辨析。解析reputation 表示名声而 expectation 是期望的意思。 Contributi
16、on 是贡献的意思。Civilization 是文明的意思。10 湖北 This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle答案B考点本题考查名词/名词短语。解析此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。 ” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各
17、样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句” 。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for 备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 4 -the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析512 的汶川地震, 414 玉树地震。天灾 “
18、earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作 , 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案 D了。10 浙江 The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _.A. solution B.
19、target C. measure D. function答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析分析四个选项：solution 解决方法；target 目标； measure 措施；function 功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。09 安徽 China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge答案A考点本题考查名词辨析
20、。解析09 福建 The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当 H1N1 型 2009 年 4 月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不
21、犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选 A。09 湖北 Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案D.考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面 health 不搭配, 故答案为 character。09 湖北 In our class, when the bell rang and the teac
22、her closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施” 。备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 5 -09 江西 The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off
23、 before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms K5u答案C考点本题考查名词所有格。解析名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的 them 可知对应复数 girls。此题较易09 海南 Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难
24、了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃 rush v. 冲进,匆促行事, 催 draw v. 拉,拖, 挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选 D。09 山东 -He says that my new car is a _ of money.-Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析考查单词的区别：lack 缺乏；load 负担；question 疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的 sour g
25、rapes(酸葡萄 )可知答案选 D。09 陕西 Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词 their 可以推断出此处选 B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地
26、看到这个城市的景色。09 天津 Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。 tradition 传统, 常规；convenience 方便；leisure 休闲时间, 闲暇。解析09 浙江 The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the li
27、brary.A. access B. passage C. way D. approach答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give.access to.是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选 A08 安徽 To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _”A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices备战
28、中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 6 -答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用 voices, 而不用其他选项。08 福建 Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？A
29、项 sense “感觉, 思考, 意义” ；B 项 matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；C 项 case “事, 案例, 容器” ；D 项 opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。Whats the sense of？“有什么意义” 四个选项中只能 A 项符合语境。08 江苏 I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry答案D考点本题考查名词词组。解析根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以
30、对方劝慰他不用急。no problem 意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用 Thats no problem；(Its) no wonder意思是 “难怪 ”； There is no doubt意思是 “毫无疑问” 。08 江苏 Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged _.A. beyond reach B. beyond repairC. beyond control D. beyond description答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏
31、得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 “；beyond the reach of 意为 “鞭长莫及”；beyond control 意为 “失控”；beyond description 意为 “难以言表”。08 山东 I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析bargain 用作名词时 , 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain 意为
32、 “真便宜”。08 江西 -Shall we go out for a walk?- Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为： 我们出去散散步好吗？ 对不起 , 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A 项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B 项 “情形, 状况” ；C 项 “地方”；D 项 “机会”。08 浙江 Dogs have a very good _ of smell
33、 and are often used to search for survivors in an 备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 7 -earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a sense of smell 嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。08 湖北 The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.prediction
34、 B.promise C.plan D.contribution答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的 that 从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词 promise 的内容, 其他选项不合句意。08 湖北 The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这两个国家的最
35、高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere 气氛, 氛围；state 状态； situation 形势, 局面；phenomenon 现象。08 天津 Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析coal, gas and oil 均为 “燃料(fuels)” 。07 湖北 Despite such a big difference in _ towards what on
36、e eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight 答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析point 点;意义;idea 主意, 念头;attitude 态度, 看法;sight 视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。07 上海 My morning _ includes jogging in the park and
37、 reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine 答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析drill 操练;action 行为;regulation 规则, 条例;routine 惯例, 常规。由句意可知 D 项正确。07 安徽 The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance答案C考点本题
38、考查名词辨析。解析sight 风景;look 表情 ;sign 迹象, 现象;appearance 出现, 显露。备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 8 -07 天津 One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：一月 1 000 美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A 项为 “账单”； B 项为 “花费；费用”；C 项为 “价格”;
39、D 项为 “价格；索价”。07 陕西 He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。soul 心灵, 灵魂;spirit 精神;heart 心, 心脏;mind 想法, 主意;be of the same mind 为固定短语, 意为 “对 看法相同, 主意一样”, 符合句意。07 福建 You are always full of .Can you tell me the se
40、cret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。power 权力, 势力；strength 力气, 优势;force 力, 武力;energy 精力;be full of energy 指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。07 浙江 Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries.A. w
41、ay B. situation C. event D. choice答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way 方式, 方法;situation 状况, 处境;event 事情 , 事件;choice 挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选 D 项。07 山东 I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety答案C考点此题考查固定搭配。a matter of .是固定搭配。解析句意：我无法说哪种酒最
42、好 这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of 意为 “关于的问题”, 如：a matter of principle 原则问题；a matter of opinion 仁者见仁, 智者见智；a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A 项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务” ；B 项意为 “重要事情、大事” ；D 项意为 “不同种类”。07 辽宁 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D
43、. demand答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a lack of 缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。06 全国 It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C.time D.way答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。备战中高考，首选状元桥 0431-85259680- 9 -解析it is no use 后接动词 +ing 形式或动词+ing 形式短语表示做某事没有用。it 作形式主语, 接动词+ing 形式或动词+ing 形式短语作真正的主语。help 意为
44、“帮助” 。time 意为 “时间”。way 意为 “方法”。06 天津 Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析challenge 意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确
45、是一个难题。ability 意为 “能力 ”。competition 意为 “竞赛”。knowledge 意为 “知识”。06 上海 When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _ was the fear of water. A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词 obstacle(障碍)。学游泳的主要心理障碍是怕水, 这是-个常识。06 辽宁 School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .A.states B.conditions C.situations D.positions答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析situation 意为 “形势, 局面；情况”, 指各种具体情况综合起来的状态, 多指危急或重大的事态, 强调外部因素对该事态的影响。表示要教给学生如何处理危险情况。state 意为 “状况 , 情形, 情况, 形势”, 指人或物在外观、心理、健康、环境等方面的情形 , 即人或物存在或所处的状态, 但不如 condition 具体。condition 意为 “状态, 状况, 情
