1、 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家0龙文教育学科老师个性化教案教师 学生姓名 上课日期学科 年级 教材版本类型 知识讲解： 考题讲解: 本人课时统计 第（ ）课时共（ ）课时学案主题 复习 课时数量（全程或具体时间） 第（ ）课时 授课时段教学内容教学目标个性化学习问题解决教学重点、难点考点分析学生活动 教师活动教学过程一现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成 ：助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词构2. 现在完成时的用法 ：现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况）I knew
2、him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here si
3、nce 1981 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。 （可能还要继续教）（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过” ，常带有 twice, ever, never, three times 等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅
4、导专家1a. 用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.。我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 如： Have you ever been to the Great Wall ? 你曾经去过长城吗？I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
5、 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。 如：-Have you met him today? -No, I
6、 havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间 ”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在） ”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive be here begin(star
7、t)be on die be dead come back be back leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get up be up open be open join be in 或 be a member of close be closed go to school be a student borrow keep come to work work buy have catch(a cold)have(a cold) get to know know begin to study study 如：He h
8、as been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了 。注意：( 1 ) have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时
9、某人不在当地） ”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有 since 一词，也不必用完成时。 如： It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状
10、态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 (4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用 for一段时间, since时间点。 I have lived here since my childhood. 我从小一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了 10 年了。 (5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long How long have you lived here? 注
11、意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如： I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家2I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。现在完成时语法练习 1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3.
12、He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for
13、 30 minutes。8.They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 8.They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 9He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 2. Have you me
14、t Mr. Li _？ . Just . ago .before .a moment ago 3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed well . changed good . has changed better . changed; better 5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _
15、 it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . Knew7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see8.These farmers have been to t
16、he United States . Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone 9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was studying . will study . has studied . are; studying 10.His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined .has joined . was in . has been in 11.Do you
17、 know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. were . have been . have become . have made 12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still 13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 14. It _ ten years since he left the arm
18、y . . Is . has . will . was 15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been 16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家317. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. do
19、nt they C. have they D. havent they 2一般过去时一、 一般过去时的概念： 一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday 昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年，等。 二、 一般过去时的结构：1.Be 动词的一般过去时 在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词， am is 的过去式为 was; are 的过去式为 were 肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主语
20、+ be(was , were) + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它？ 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词 do 和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句式：主语 + 动词（过去式）+ 其它 否定句式：主语 + didnt + 动词（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didn t】 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does 的过去时均为 did】？ 3. 情态动词的一般过去时态 含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有 Be 动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。 肯
21、定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它. 否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它？ 注：情态动词的过去式：cancould , maymight , must must ，will-would，should-should。 4.特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+be 过去式+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+ 动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问词+do/does 过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？ What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？ Why did he late for school last Mond
22、ay？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？ What could she do twenty years ago？ 20 年前她能做什么？3、 一般过去时的判断标志词 yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning 时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 四、规则动词的过去式 1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited 2.以不发音 e 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 livel
23、ived useused 3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为 i ,再加 ed。 studystudied trytried flyflied 4.以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或 r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家4双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstopped plan planned preferpreferred 5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 五、 一般过去时的基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。 表示过去的
24、习惯性或经常发生的动作。She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. 她上学时每个月去看一场电影。 When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。 一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和 often 经常， always 总是，once a week 一周一次，等表示频度的时间状语连用。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。 She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the ro
25、om and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They_ (play) che
26、ss in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (dance) at the party last night. 9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 12. Gao S
27、han _ (put) up the picture last night.13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? 15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. 17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 18. How many people _ (be) there i
28、n your class last term? 19.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month. 1.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late. 2.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning. 3.There _ (be) no one here a moment agoI _ (call) Mike this morning.4I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 5.Tom _ (b
29、egin) to learn Chinese last year. 6.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 7.My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday. 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家510.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.11._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year? 12. What time _ you _ (get) to B
30、eijing yesterday? We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 13.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 14.Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 15.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 16.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 17.There _ a
31、ny hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not) 18.There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there? 19.Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move) 20. When _ you _ (come) to China? - Last year. 21.Did she _ (have) supper at home?Did she _ (have) supper at home? 22.Jack _ (not clean) the room just
32、now. 23._ (be) it cold in your city yesterday? 24.How many people _ (be) there in your class last term? 25.It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside. 26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some
33、 milk. 28. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night? 29. I_(be) tired yesterday. 30. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year.31. What _ you _ (do) last night? 32. My grandfather _ (leave)Hong Kong for New York in 1998。33. What _ he _ (do) yesterday? 334.Last week I _ (buy) a new bike. 35. He _ (be) here jus
34、t now. 36. He _ (not find ) his key last night. 37. My father _ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday. 38. _ you _ (finish) your homework yesterday? 39. I _ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.40. Her mother _ (not give) the girl any present.Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan. He _ (have) a
35、 wonderful time. He _ (do) a lot of different things and _ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _ (go) back to England, he _ (be) very tiredA week ago, Kitty and Ben _ (be) in the countryside. At first,
36、the wind _ (blow) lightly. The leaves _ (blow) slightly in the wind. They _ (fly) their kite happily in the gentle breeze. Suddenly, the wind _ (become) stronger. The clouds in the sky _ (move) quickly. Leaves _ (fall) from trees. The string on Bens kite _ (break). The sky became dark. Kitty and Ben
37、 _ (go ) home immediately. Kitty and Ben _ (stay)at home. They _ (watch) TV. The wind became much stronger. It _ (blow) fiercely. It became a typhoon. Trees_ (fall) down. Ships and boats _ (sink) in the big wav中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家6es. The typhoon _ (pass) quickly. The wind became gentler. The big clean-
38、up _ (begin) immediately. Kitty and Ben went outside again。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2.过去时常与具体的时间
39、状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 3.现在完成时可表
40、示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。 ） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知了。 ） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。 ） Who hasnt handed in his pa
41、per? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。 ） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续 ) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。) 1.“一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系，常带有表示过
42、去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事，对现在产生某种结果，强调过去与现在的联系。一般不与过去具体时间连用。当需要指明过去一个特定的时刻发生的事情时，需要使用一般过去式。.I _(lose) my pen.Can you lend me yours? .Why dont you buy one? .It _(fall)into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now Ive got to fill in a form with a pen. 2.现在完成时与 for 或 since 引起的短语连用时，表达从过去
43、开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一般过去时与“for一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。 We_(stay)here for three weeks. I think we are going to stay another two weeks.（说话时人还在） He _(stay) here for three weeks last year.（并不表示现在是否在） 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家73.一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态，如 yesterday,last year(month,week,night)，in 1980 I _(come) the day
44、 before yesterday.4.现在完成时所带时间状语包含说话时在内,如 today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或与说话时非常接近，如 recently,just,in(during) the past three years。 Great changes _( take) place in the last ten years 5.如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。 They have lived here for a long time .6.一般过去时比现在完成时更能表达事情的结果 John
45、has taught math for twenty years. 保留了约翰继续教数学的可能性 John taught math for twenty years. 表明约翰已经不再教数学了，他可能退休了，换工作了，或者去世了。 7.如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。 They have lived here for a long time. 他们在这里已经生活了很长一段时间.练习题A. 用 already 或 yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures _ _? No, they havent_ _. 2) Most of us have finishe
