1、英语语法中的 37 大难点之前 18 大难点讲解难点 1 并非只表抽象的抽象名词抽象名词一般看作不可数名词,但有时也可与冠词连用，表示具体化。难点磁场1.（）Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_exciting experience. (NMET 2002)A.不填；the B.不填；an C.an；an D.the；the2.（）Many people agree that_knowledge of English is_must in international trade today.A.a；a B.the；an C
2、.the；the D.不填；the3.（）One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_good knowledge of basic word information. (上海 2002)A./ B.the C.a D.one4.（）I hear that as many as 150 people were killed in the earthquake.Yes，_news came as_shock to us.A.the；the B.the；a C.不填；不填 D.不填；a5.()He has_great intere
3、st in history， especially in_history of Tang Dynasty.A.a；the B.a；/ C./；the D./；a案例探究1.For many Beijingers，dreams of living in_green area are becoming_reality.A.a；a B.the；the C.不填；不填 D.the；不填命题意图：表面看本题考查学生对冠词的用法，其实也考查了学生对抽象名词具体化的掌握，属于五星级题目。知识依托：抽象名词并非都作不可数名词。错解分析：D 选项迷惑性较大，许多同学会认为 reality 为抽象名词，不能用 a
4、。解题方法与技巧：抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示性质类别的修饰词，指概念的“一种” “一类” “一次”等时，可用不定冠词，例如：Physics is a science.答案：A2.The police have_power to arrest bad people by_law.A.the；the B.a；a C.the；不填 D.不填；the命题意图：考查学生对抽象名词具体化的理解，属于四星级题目。知识依托：定冠词与抽象名词连用，特指双方都了解的人或事。错解分析：许多学生会认为 D 正确，认为 power 是抽象名词，故不能用冠词。解题方法与技巧：to arrest bad people
5、 是 power 的定语，故此处用 the 表示特指。答案：C锦囊妙计1.不定冠词与抽象名词连用表示：一种、一场或某个动作的一次、一番。例如：It was a war，have a look，have a try。某一品质的具体行动。例如：Thank you，Tim.You have done me a kindness.引起某种情绪的事。例如：Its a pleasure to work with you. Its a pity that you cant swim.2.定冠词与抽象名词连用，特指某一时、某一次的行动或情绪，或说话的双方都了解的人或事。3.注意：有些词组中，有没有冠词含义是不
6、同的。试比较：歼灭难点训练1.()He is_ （help ）to me.2.()Nowadays many young people get into_habit of smoking in_public and cant kick it.A.the；the B./；/ C./ ；the D.the；/3.()The news is spreading from mouth to mouth.Yes，its become_talk of_town.A.a；a B.the；/ C.the；the D.a；/4.()In face of_failure，it is the most import
7、ant to keep up_good state of mind.A./；a B.a；/ C.the；/ D./；the5.()Having received_training of the Ms.Company，he was offered_important position in management.A.the；an B.不填；an C.the；不填 D.a；a6.()In_Sahara Desert，_rain was scarce，but in my hometown there is_heavy rain now and then，and the river around th
8、e town rises a lot after_.A.the；the；a ；a heavy rain B.the；/；a ；heavy rainsC./；/；/； a heavy rain D.the；the；a ；heavy rains7.()The building was completed in_September of 1956 not in_October,1955.A./；the B.the；the C./； / D.the；/难点 2 冠词的非前位用法限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些
9、固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。难点磁场1.() What about_book？Its too difficult_book.A.a；a B.a；the C.the；the D.the；a2.()_Beijing you see today is quite_different city from what it used to be.A.The；不填 B.The；a C.不填；the D.A；a案例探究1.Peter wont drive us to the station.He has_to take us all.A.a very small car B.too small a ca
10、rC.a too small car D.such a small car命题意图：考查学生对冠词不放在第一位的固定结构的掌握，属于四星级题目。知识依托：不定冠词放在 too+形容词之后。错解分析：C 迷惑性较大，学生都学过 too+adj./adv. +to结构，但对于too+adj.+n. +to结构不熟悉。解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语一般正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意，如 too+adj. +a/an+n.。答案：B2.Exercise is_as any other to lose unwanted weight.A.so useful a way B.as
11、a useful wayC.as useful a way D.such a useful way命题意图：考查学生对冠词不放在第一位的固定结构的掌握，属五星级题目。知识依托：不定冠词放在 as+形容词之后。错解分析：A、B 迷惑性较大，soas 结构常用于否定句和疑问句，故不能选 A、B。解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词，但有些固定结构需注意，如：as+adj. +a/an+n.答案：C锦囊妙计1.不定冠词用在 quite，rather，many，half，what ，much 等词之后。例如：He is rather a fool.What did you t
12、hink of the concert？Oh，it was quite a success.2.不定冠词用在 so（as，too，how ）+ 形容词之后。例如：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.Its too difficult a book for us to read.注意：以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用“an” 。例如：an apple。即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头，但该词的读音是元音音素开头，加不定冠词时也要用“an”，例如： an hour，an honest boy；反之，拼写以元音字母开头，但读音是辅音，加不定冠
13、词时要用“a ”，例如：a university。3.sothat 与 suchthat: sothat 和 suchthat 都 作 “如 此 以 致 ”解 ， that 引 导 结 果 状 语 从 句 。 常 见 句 型 如 下 ：so tha )(/nscta, 不 可 数 名 词形 容 词 复 数 可 数 名 词形 容 词 单 数 可 数 名 词形 容 词副 词形 容 词suchthat 和 sothat 有时可以换用，条件是 such 所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下：such a/an+形容词+名词so+形容词+a/an+ 名词。例如：
14、He is such a good student that we all like him.He is so good a student that we all like him。但是，如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用 such，不能用 so 修饰。例如：It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。如果复数名词前有 many，few ，不可数名词前有 much，little 等表示量的形容词时，应该用 so 而不用 such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue al
15、l over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together（维持生活） 。但 little 不表示数量而表示“ 小”的意思时，仍用 such。例如：They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.歼灭难点训练1.()Ann is_girl.A.quite a bright B.a quite bright2.().Its _day.A.a rather cold B
16、.rather a cold C.a cold rather3.()_is here.A.Many a boy B.Many boys4.() 多么聪明的一个男孩。5.()English is _to the world as other languages.A.so useful a bridge B.as a useful bridgeC.as useful a bridge D.such a useful bridge难点 3 不定代词的固定表达不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数、单数与复数的区别，用时需慎重。难点磁场1.()Is_here?No,Bob and Tim h
17、ave asked for leave.A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody2.()They were very tired,but_of them would stop to take a rest.A.any B.some C.none D.neither3.()I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_.A.it B.those C.them D.one4.()When shall we meet again?Make it _day you like;its all the
18、 same to me.A.one B.any C.another D.some5.()I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with_.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing (NMET1997)6.()Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers.Now she would like to read_stories by writers from_countries.A.some;any B.other;some C.
19、some;other D.other;other7.()Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid_day is possible.A.either B.neither C.some D.any8.()Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember_. A.where B.there C.which D.that9.()Are the new rules working?Yes._books are stolen.A.Few B.More C.Some D.None10.(
20、)Few pleasures can equal_of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those案例探究1.If you want to change for a double room,youll have to pay_15.A.another B.other C.more D.each(NMET2000)命题意图：本题考查学生对“又” “再”的英语表达方式的掌握，属五星级题目。知识依托：“another+数词+复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量。错解分析：B、C 迷惑性较大。因 other、more 也有“再” “又
21、”之意，但位置与another 不同。解题方法与技巧：必须记清表达方式，数词+more/other+复数可数名词。答案：A例：Ive got another three books.Ive got three more/other books.2.Why dont we take a little break?Didnt we just have_?A.it B.that C.one D.this(NMET2000)命题意图：考查学生对表示特指事物的代词和表示泛指事物的代词的区别，属四星级题目。知识依托：one 代替单数可数名词，但泛指物。错解分析：A 项选择迷惑性较大。因人称代词 it 和不
22、定代词 one 都可以代替单数可数名词，但 it 指特定事物。解题方法与技巧：答语中用 one 泛指第一个对话者询问的 a little break。答案：C锦囊妙计不定代词的种类较多，用法各异，下面分别进行介绍。1.one，some 与 any 的用法one 可以泛指任何人，还可以在形容词和 that、this 等词后代替刚提过的可数名词，其复数形式为 ones，可用作主语和宾语； ones 是它的物主代词形式，可用作宾语； oneself是它的反身代词形式，可用作宾语。some 和 any 通常用作定语，都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词、单数或复数名词。some 用于单数可数名词前，表示“某一
23、” 。some 用于数词前，表示“大约” 。some 一般用于肯定句，any 多用于疑问、否定句中。例如：One should wash oneself regularly.This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.We have some food left.Have you any books?I dont have any books.
24、注意：some 可用于表达邀请或请求、预期的答案是肯定的或鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复的问句。例如：Could you let me have some coffee？（请求）Would you like some bananas？（邀请）some 和 any 可用作主语和宾语。例如：Some are singing，others are dancing.（主语）Does any of you know Mr Wang？（主语）I dont like any of the books。 （宾语）some，any ，every，no 与 one，body，thing 构成的合成代词都作单数看待。另
25、外，some 的合成代词一般用于肯定句，any 的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。例如：Did anybody ask for you outside？There is somebody waiting for you.2.each，every 的用法each 强调个体，可以充当宾语、定语、主语和同位语，every 强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都” ，在句中只作定语。例如：The teacher had a talk with each of them.（宾语） Each of us has two boxes.（主语）We have two boxes each.（同位语）Each
26、 boy has a bike.（定语）Every one has strong and weak points.（定语） each 所代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而 every 所指的数必须是三个以上。例如：Each of the two has won a prize.Every student in the class likes English.There is a line of trees on each side of the river.3.none 和 no 的用法：no=no any 在句中作定语，修饰可数或不数名词。none 在句中作主语或宾语。none不能用来说明两个
27、人或物。例如：There is no water in the well（井）.（定语）None of them know the story.（主语）I know none of them.（宾语）none 代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：None of the students are（is ）afraid of difficulties。none 不能回答 who 的问题，可回答 how many 或 how much 的问题，例如：(误) Who is in the classroom？None.(改 None 为
28、No one 或 Nobody)(正) How many students are there in the classroom？None.4.many 和 much 的用法many 和 much 都表示“许多” ， many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词，都可用作主语、宾语和定语。例如：Many of the students often go shopping.（主语）I have much to do.（宾语）There is not much water in the cup.（定语）much 有时用作状语，例如：He likes playing football very
29、much。 （状语）5.few，little；a few，a little 的用法few 和 little 表示没有多少，含否定意义；而 a few 与 a little 表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few 与 a few 修饰可数名词，而 little 与 a little 修饰不可数名词，它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。例如：He knows a little English.（定语）He has many books.But few are interesting.（主语）I know a little about Japanese（宾语）a few，a little 可以用
30、 quite 或 only 修饰，few 和 little 则不能。例如：How much water is left？Only a little./Qutie a little.How many books are left？Only a few./Quite a few.6.other 和 anotherother 泛指 “另外的” ，作定语，常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用，但如果前面有the，this，that，some ，any ，each，every，no，none，one，or 以及形容词性物主代词时，则可与单数名词连用。例如：all other rice，no other wa
31、y，the other one，any other plant，every other day ，some other reason 等等。others 是 other 的复数形式，泛指 “别的人或物” （但不是全部） 。例如：Dont lend the book to others.Some are carrying water，others are watering the trees.the other 指“两者中的另一个” ，常与 one 连用，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示另一方中的“全部其余的” 。例如：He held a book in one hand and his notes
32、in the other.the others 是 the other 的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物” 。例如：I have got ten pencils.Two of them are red，the others are blue.another 指三个或三个以上中的任何一个， “现一” “另一个” ，作代词或形容词。例如：I dont like this dictionary.Please give me another.one the other 指两个人或物当中的 “一个”和“另外一个” ；叙述三个不同的人或事物时，需用 one，another ，the third。例如：H
33、ere are two books. One is for Mary，the other is for Jack. Three boys are here.One is Dick，another is Tom and the third is David.7.all 和 both 的用法：两个词都表示整体，但 both 指两个人或物，而 all 指三个以上的人或物。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。例如：All of us should work hard.（主语）We are all students.（同位语）We both like to play football.（同位语）
34、We like both of the films.（宾语）Thats all for today.（表语）All knowledge comes from practice.（定语）注意：all 表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both 和 all 加否定词是部分否定。如果表示全部否定，要分别用 neither 和 none，例如：Both of us are not teachers.（部分否定）我们俩不都是老师。Neither of us is a teacher.（全部否定）我们俩都不是老师。All of the books are not English books.（部分否定）
35、None of the books are English books.（全部否定）这些都不是英语书。8.neither 和 either 的用法neither 表示两者都不；either 表示两者中的任何一个。两个词都表示单数，在句子中作主语、宾语和定语。例如：Neither of the answers is correct.（主语）Either sentence is right.（定语）I know neither of the teachers.（宾语）Here are two dictionaries. You may take either.（宾语） 参考包天仁主编高考英语语法歼
36、灭难点训练1.()Do you have_at home now,Allen?No,we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing2.()What do you want me to say?_you like.A.Anything B.Everything C.Something D.Nothing3.()What shall we have for dinner tonight?Oh,I dont care._.Its your j
37、ob to come up with the menus,so get on with it.A.Anything will doB.I wont have lessons tomorrowC.I neednt to talk about it with someoneD.What a nice meal4.()You can buy these maps at_railway station.They all have them.A.all B.every C.each D.any5.()I dont like these.Have you_?A.some B.any others C.an
38、others D.another ones6.()I prefer a street in a small town to_in such a large city_Shanghai.A.that;as B.one;as C.one;like D.that;like7.()She won the first prize,though_of us_it.A.no one;expected B.none;had expectedC.nobody;was expecting D.none;would expect8.()Do you live_near Jim?No,he lives in anot
39、her part of the town.A.somewhere B.nowhere C.anywhere D.everywhere9.()Could you drop in on me on Friday or Saturday?Im afraid_day is possible.A.either B.both C.neither D.any10.()Which share is meant for me?You can take_half.Theyre exactly the same.A.this B.any C.each D.either11.()Is _finished?Not ye
40、t.My dirty clothes are still soaking in the washing machine.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything12.()Excuse me,but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office?_of the four roads will do.A.Any B.Neither C.Both D.Every13.()There is only an English-Chinese dictionary in that bo
41、ok-shop.I wonder if you still want to buy_.A.it B.one C.another D.any难点 4 不可混淆的延续性动词和非延续性动词难点磁场1.()Susan married Jason last Sunday.Really? How long_each other? Not more than a week,I m afraid.A.did they know B.have they knownC.have they got to know D.had they known2.()Glad to see you back. How long_
42、in Russia?A.did you stay B.have you stayedC.were you staying D.have you been staying案例探究1.They_for 3 years.A.have married B.got marriedC.have got married D.have been married命题意图：考查动词的延续性，属于五星级题目。知识依托：延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。错解分析：A、C 项迷惑性较大，因为学生认为其是完成时态，但 marry 和 get married可看作非延续性动词和短语，故不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连
43、用。解题方法与技巧：be married 表状态，可以看作是延续性动词，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。答案：D锦囊妙计1.延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而非延续性动词不行。2.be married /be used to 等表示状态的动词短语，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。3.get married/ get used to /get to know 等表示动作的动词短语不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。歼灭难点训练汉译英1.()他参军三年了。2.()直到他喊出我的名字，我才认出他。3.()自从去年我就习惯早上 5 点起床。难点 5 动词-ing 形式的双重语法功能动词-ing
44、 形式可用作动名词和现在分词，动名词由动词+ing 构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。难点磁场1.()Though_money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in (NMET2002) 2.()How about the two of us_a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be
45、 taking (MET1993)3.()_is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk (MET1992)4.()I must apologize for_ahead of time.Thats all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.letting you know not D.letting not you know (NMET1994)案例探究1.You were brave enou
46、gh to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret_that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done (NMET1995)命题意图：考查学生对动词 regret 的掌握，属于四星级题目。知识依托：regret doing 结构表示后悔做了某件事。错解分析：C 项迷惑性较大。解题方法与技巧：从对话所表达的内容来看，在会上提反对意见的人对其行为感到后悔。答案：D2._such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered (NMET2001)命题意图:考查学生对分词的掌握，属于五星级题目。知识依托:现在分词的完成时表示分词的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前发生。错解分析:B 项迷惑性较大。现在分词的一般时表明分词表示的动作或状态和句子谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生或进行。解题方法与技巧：分清现在分词的一般时和完成时所表示的含义不同
