1、1直接引语和间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。一这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接.典型例句：1. She said ,” I like English very much. “ （直接引语）（她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。 ）典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. （间接引语）（她说她非常喜欢英语。 ）直接引语变间接引语（一）人称变化人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主
2、语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化Eg：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称 Eg：He said to Kate，“How is your sister now?“ He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人
3、称不更新” 是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化Eg：Mr. Smith said， “Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.将下列直接引语变为间接引语1.Miss Gao said,“I like living here.”Miss Gao said that living .2.He said,“Ill go tomorrow.”He said that he .3.My mother said：“I am going to make dum
4、plings”._.4.She said：“I do homework every day.”_.5.He said：“I will play basketball this night.”_.直接引语变为间接引语（二）时态变化直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. 2. She said. “We hope so.” Sh
5、e said they hoped so. 3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。 ”She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来)但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。Eg： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around
6、the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Eg：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” 2Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Eg： Xiao Wang said， “I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang
7、said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Eg：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to ，had better ，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时， （例：could, should, would, might）不再变。Eg：Peter said， “You had better come h
8、ave today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.将下列句子连接成宾语从句1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack
9、didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _
10、_ _ homework yet.7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car直接引语变间接引语(三) 句型变化句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。Eg：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that t
11、heir bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句Eg：He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school b
12、y bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序） 。 Eg：She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。3Eg：“Dont make any
13、noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用 “suggest +动名词（或从句） 。 ”Eg：He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He s
14、uggested that they should go to see the film.巩固训练一单项选择( )1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )2 Kate said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( )3 the students want to know whet
15、her they_ dictation today.A. had B. has. C. will have D. are ( )4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( )5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled ( )6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A.
16、 who B. what C. when D. that ( )7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )8. I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( )9. She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( )10. I dont know _ he still
17、 lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when宾语从句的连词在复合句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连
18、词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know
19、 who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?4I dont know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语
20、序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell m
21、e how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是 一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Ou
22、r teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.巩固训练一用所给单词的正确形式填空1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our
23、 father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (h
24、elp) him. 10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.巩固训练二用合适的连接词填空1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（ how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better. （how, who）5. I r
25、eally dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you
26、know _ you are studying for? (why, what)宾语从句与简单句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句5可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑
27、问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是 ask， tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，w
28、atch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为 “宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.注意：宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化 that 引，一般疑问句用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、选择题( )1I dont know _ the day aft
29、er tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether hell come ( )2Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere ( )3Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？ Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mend Chow he mended Dwhat he mended ( )4I want to know _ Awho
30、m is she looking after Bwhom she is looking Cwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after ( )5Do you know where _ now？ Ahe lives Bdoes he live Che lived Ddid he live ( )6Do you know what time _ ？ Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves ( )7. He said _ she wou
31、ld leave the message on the headmasters desk.A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )8. A: Could you tell me _? B: Im not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start( )9. I _ he _ go there by h
32、imself.A. think; wont B. dont think; will C. dont think; is D. think; isnt going to( )10. Lana said that she wasnt mad _ Marcia anymore.6A. to B. at C. for D. on( )11. Do you think _ an English film tomorrow night?A. is there B. there is going to be C. there is going to have D. will there be( )12. Y
33、ou are _ to return the book to the library in two weeks.A. supposed B. wanted C. shouted D. thought( )13. I am always _ to speak in the front of the classroom.A. disappointing B. scared C. surprised D. nervous( )14. Do you think it is difficult _?A. study English well B. studies English wellC. studying English well D. to study English well( )15. She told us things there were _ better than before.A. more B. much C. very D. nice( )16. I dont think its good to copy others homework. You should _ it.A. get over B. get on C. get up D. get off
