1、所谓完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或 be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时；主语只能是名词。一、以 here 等副词开头引出的完全倒装在描述情景时，为了使景象更生动，有时把 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副词作为句子开头，句子用完全倒装。此时，句子主语必须是名词；谓语动词通常是 be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall 等表示位移的不及物动词，且为一般时态；其中的 here, th
2、ere 不是表示地点，而是用以引起对方注重。如：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Here are some advertisements about cars. 这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。On the top of the hill stan
3、ds an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。三、there be 结构及其变体的完全倒装There is a tall tree in front of the house. 这房子前面有一棵树。注：在 there be 结构中，可以代替 be 的还有以下动词：live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等。如：Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。四、直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装若直接引语的部分
4、或全部放在句首，并且说话人是名词时，将 say 或 ask 置于说话人前，构成完全倒装。如：“Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “预备好了没有？” 老师问道。“It is unbelievable!”said Alfred Butts. 阿尔弗雷德布滋说，“这真叫人难以置信！”直接引语放句首时，有时用倒装；谓语动词另有宾语时，不倒装。例如：“I shall not scold you.” said the man, “you are punished enough now.” “You have done a good job”, our teacher s
5、aid to us.英语中的语序通常是主语在前，谓语动词在后。所谓倒装就是把动词放在主语之前。这种情况出现在疑问句中，也出现在其他一些特殊情形下。 28.1 两种倒装 (Two types of inversion) 倒装一般分为两种，即主谓倒装和主语/功能词倒装。 28.1.1 主谓倒装 (Subject-verb inversion) 主谓倒装，又称为全部倒装（Full inversion） ，即把整个谓语动词放在主语之前。这一类倒装主要 出现于地点状语后面，said John, answered Peter 等有直接引语的结构中以及表语提前的情况下。 例如： -At the far en
6、d of the room stood a tall policeman. -“I love you,” whispered John. -Completely different is the last story. 28.1.2 主语/ 功能词倒装 (Subject-operation inversion) 这种倒装又称为部分倒装，即把功能词(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前，动词的其余部分依然在 主语之后。如果句中没有助动词或情态动词，则要加一个助动词 do, does 或did。例如： -He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could b
7、orrow from. -On no account must this switch be touched. -Only by chance did I hear that her mother had died. -Were she alive today, she would grieve at the changes. 28.2 在以 neither, nor, so 等开始的句子中(Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc.) 用 neither, nor 和 so 引导的句子表达某人、某事或某种情况与刚才提到的相同，在这种情况下必
8、须 要用倒装。neither, nor 表示“也不” ；so 表示“也如此” 。这种倒装是部分倒装。 -“I didnt get much sleep last night.” “Neither/Nor did I.” -“My husband never touches a drying-up cloth.” “Neither does mine.” -He refused to apologize. Neither/Nor would he offer any explanation. -All the students were obviously very miserable. Nor
9、 were the teachers satisfied with the conditions at the school. -John saw the accident and so did Mary. -She was angry and so was I. 请比较下面两句中 so 和 neither/nor 表达截然不同的意思。 -The corn is ripening, and so are the apples. -The corn isnt ripening, and neither/ nor are the apples. 请注意： 应届生求职季宝典 开启你的职场征途 简历撰
10、写 笔试真题 面试攻略 专业技能指导 公务员专区 a. so 放在句首也可以用来表达另外一种意思，即对于别人讲的情况加以肯定，表示附和。在这种情况 下，不用倒装。请比较： -“Youve spilled coffee on your dress.” “ Oh, dear. So I have.” (哎哟，真的呀。) -Youve spilled coffee on the table, and so have I. (=, and Ive spilled coffee on the table, too.) -“Thats Isabel, look!” “So it is!” (就是她) -“
11、Im having a tooth out tomorrow.” “So am I.” (=, I am having a tooth out tomorrow, too.) -You asked me to leave, and so I did. (你叫我走，我就走了。) -You asked him to leave, and so did I. （你叫他走，我也叫他走啊 。 ）b. neither 虽然放句首，但是其中心词作句子主语时，不用倒装。例 如： -Neither of them wanted to stay. c. Neithernor句型中的 nor 分句也应该用倒装。如：
12、 -Sam neither has long hair, nor does he wear jeans. -Mary was neither happy, nor was she sad. -They have neither replied to my letters, nor have they answered my telephone calls. 28.3 在以否定副词（如 hardly, never 等）开始的句子中(Sentences beginning with negative adverb expressions: hardly, never, etc.) | 在正式文体中
13、，许多表达否定意义的副词或状语词组可以放在句首。在这种情况下，必须用部分倒装。表达否定意义的副词和词组常见的有seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, never, few, little, in vain, much/ even/ still less, 以及含有 no/ not 的词组/句型如 no sooner(than),on no account, in no circumstances, in no way, by no means, at no time, no longer, not until, nowhere 等等。例 如： -Seldom had
14、 I seen such confusion. -Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances. -Hardly had I arrived when a quarrel broke out. -No sooner was she back at home than she realized her mistake. -At no time was the entrance left unguarded. -Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost i
15、t. -On no account must this switch be touched. -In no circumstances must the door be left open. -In no way can Mrs. Pethers be held responsible. -To no one will they admit their guilt. 注意，如果位于句首的这种否定词/词组是作句子主语，句子不需要倒装。如： -Little help can be expected from Peter. -Not a single word that he said entitl
16、es you to make that accusation. -No honest man would lie. -Not many people came to the party. 28.4 在以表示地点或方向的副词（如 here, there, down, away 等）开始的句子中(Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and direction: here, there, down, away, etc.) 当表示地点或方向的副词位于句首时，句子可用全部倒装。句中的谓语动词常常是 come, lie, stand, walk, l
17、ive 等不及物动词或是系动词 be。在文学性和描写性文章中采用这类倒装主要是为 了使其更加生动，而把主语置于句末则是为了使之成为信息中心。 -Down fell a dozen apples. -Away goes my chance of winning! -In walked a man dressed in a black gown. -Next to it stood a pile of paper cups. -A few miles further on lies the enchanting suburb of Balham, gateway to the South. -Ov
18、er the bridge marched the soldiers. -On the very top of the hill lives a hermit. 以上例句也可以不用倒装而用正语序，如： -A dozen apples fell down. -My chance of winning goes away. -A man dressed in a black gown walked in. 但是如果主要动词是 be 时，句子总是用倒装，这时将 be 动词置于主语之前。例如： -Below is a restaurant. -Next to it is a different sig
19、n which says simply “Beware”. -Alongside him on the rostrum 讲坛 will be Mr. Mitchell Fromstein. 以here, there 开始的倒装句在口语中尤其多见。如： -Ah, here comes somebody at last! -There goes your last chance. -Here comes the train. -There goes the vicar (牧师). 试比较 here, there 放句首和放在动词之后的区别：“Tom is here.” 意思是“汤姆在这儿” 。但是
20、“Heres Tom.”意味着他刚出现或我们刚发现他。 “Tom comes here.”意味着他习惯于来这儿。 “Here comes Tom.”则有他正在到来或刚刚到达的含义。 注意：主语是代词时，此类以地点状语开始的句子不用倒装。 -Here she comes! 她来了！ -There he is. -Away they went. -Down they flew. -Into the stifling smoke we plunged. 28.5 在表语提前的句子中 (Sentences beginning with a fronted predicative) 表语（主语补语）置于
21、句首时，句子需要全部倒装。这种倒装主要是为了达到三种目的： a. 把主语置于句末使之成为信息中心，同时又可以利用句子的前一部分来设置布景。例如： -Best of all was the Christmas pudding. b. 为了使上下文联系更紧密。例如： -His answer was a disgrace; equally regrettable was his departure immediately afterwards. -Her face was stony and even stonier was the tone of her voice. -A year ago, t
22、wo crashes occurred, and more recently has come the news of a third. c. 避免头重脚轻（因为原句主语太长，而谓语太短。 ）如： -At the head was Dr. Bethune on horse-back, followed by a donkey loaded with medical supplies. -Just as firm was her determination to tell the truth about her experiences. -Faint grew the sound of the
23、bell. 另外，出于同样的原因，有时会把状语提前，句子全部倒装。如：Without fear lives he who is devoted to a just cause. 28.6 在以 only + 状语开始的句子中，或是 not only(but) also句型中(Sentences beginning with only + adverb, not only (but) also, etc.) | 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.7 | top | 以 only +状语开始的句子中，句子要部分倒装。在 “not onlybut also”
24、句型中，not only 分句要部 分倒装。这类倒装常见于正式文体中。如： -Only after entering the store did Anne realize that there was danger. -Only in this way is it possible to explain their actions. -Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable standard of living. -Only by shouting was he able to ma
25、ke himself heard. -Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. -Not only is he ill-mannered, but he is also the laziest and most irresponsible creature you could ever hope to meet. -Not only do they rob you, they smash everything too. 注意：如果 not only 出现在句首，但它修饰的中心是
26、句子主语，此时主语和功能词不能倒装。 -Not only he protested; several others joined in. 28.7 用于其他一些特殊句型中| 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.6 | top | 28.7.1 用于有直接引语的句型中 在直接引语之后， “主语+ say/ ask 之类的动词”可以用正语序，也可以倒装，在书面语中常用全部倒 装。如： -“What do you mean?” asked Henry. （or: Henry asked.） -“Perhaps he isnt a bad sort of cha
27、p after all,” remarked Dave. -“I am aware of that,” replied the Englishman. -“Please go away,” said one child. “ And dont come back,” pleaded another.但是，主语是代词时不用倒装。请比较： -“What do you mean?”he asked. -“Whos paying?” shouted the fat man at the corner. “You are,” I answered. 28.7.2 用于表示祝愿/意愿的句型 这种祈求性虚拟
28、语气一般只用于几种相当固定的说法中。如： -Long live the Peoples Republic of China! -Far be it from me to spoil the fun. “may + 主语 + 谓语”这种结构表示一种愿望或诅咒。 -May you live a long and happy life! -May the best man win! -May he never set foot in this house again! -May you break your neck! 28.7.3 用于 “sothat”句型中 把 so 置于句首的情形下，需要部分
29、倒装。如： -So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him. -So suspicious did he become that -So vigorously did he protest that the authorities reconsidered his case. 28.7.4 用于 as 之后，表示状态和相似 倒装在文学体裁中有时出现在 as 之后，例如： -She traveled a great deal, as did most of her friends. -The present owner is a keen a
30、rt collector, as were several of her ancestors. -She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building. 28.7.5 在条件和让步分句中，尤其在相当正式的用法中，可以用倒装。 a. 用于条件句中 表达虚拟的 if 从句( 非真实条件从句 )中的 if 可以省略，句子呈现倒装。例如：-Were I Tom I would refuse. (=If I were Tom) -Had I known what was going to happen, I
31、 would never have left her alone. （=If I had known ） -Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. (= If you should change) b. 用于以 as, though 引导的表达让步的从句中 在这样的分句中，句子部分倒装。如果是 though 作引导词，句子可以用倒装也可以不用倒装，而如 果是 as 为引导词，则一定要用倒装。如： -Eloquent though/as she was, she could not persuade them. （or: Though she was
