1、Unit 5I. Word Study abstain n. v. a. to choose not to vote for or against b. not to do or have something you enjoy, especially alcohol or sex, Examples: Six countries voted for the change, five voted against, and two abstained.Pilots must abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before flying.Catholics are
2、 supposed to abstain from meat on Good Friday.Allege v. to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been provedExamples: The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.
3、( m:kjuri n. 化 汞 , 水银 )assume vt. (n. assumption)假设, 臆断, 猜想 We cant assume anything in this case.假装 He assumed a look of innocence. 承担, 担任, 就职；呈现, 采取 We assumed a new method.assume control/responsibility, etc. assume a manner/air/expression, etc.diverge (n. divergence a. divergent)The two species di
4、verged millions of years ago.Here his views diverged from Gregorys.refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea, etc.反驳一个假设/说法/想法Handy a. a. useful b. (informal) near and easy to reach c. good at using something, (tool)Examples: Take your swimming trunks with you they might come in handy.I always keep my gun
5、 handy just in case. /Do you have a piece of paper handy?Hes very handy with a screwdriver.(螺丝刀 )practically ad. a. almost b. in a sensible way which takes account of problems(实事求是地 )Examples: Its practically impossible to predict what will happen. “But how can we pay for it?” said John practically.
6、Ridicule v. n. (a. ridiculous) to laugh at a person, idea, etc. and say that they are stupidExample: At the time, his ideas were ridiculed. seek a college education 努力获得高等教育 seek to do good 试图行善 seek directions from a police officer 向警察问路 upright position 垂直状态 sit/stand/walk upright 直挺挺地坐/站/走 an upr
7、ight man 正直的人The jury has retired to consider its verdict. After a week the jury had still not reached a verdict. I never doubted that they would deliver the correct verdict.II. Phrases and Expressions serve a jail term/sentence, serve time(= is in prison) He served an eighteen-month sentence for th
8、eft. Did you know that Les is serving time? owe sb. sth. “I owe my parents a lot,” he admitted.I owe my brother $50. He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.I owe Susan a letter; I must write soon. You owe him an apology.Their success owes more to good luck than to careful managemen
9、t.mix up to make the mistake of thinking that someone or something is another person or thingExamples: I must have got the times mixed up.I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.put into words It is hard to put into words how I feel now. 用语言来表达Hes not very musical, to put it mi
10、ldly (=Hes not musical at all). 婉转地讲We get on each others nerves, to put it bluntly (=to say exactly what I mean). 直率地讲Its fairly risky. To put it another way (=say it in different words), dont try this at home. 换句话说provoke sb. into doing a. to make someone angry, especially deliberatelyb. to cause
11、a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden oneExamples: Paul tried to provoke them into fighting.She hopes her editorial will provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issue.arrest sb. for I got arrested for careless driving.He was arrested on suspicion/charges of supplying drugs.beat sb. up
12、 to hurt someone badly by hitting themExample: Her boyfriend got drunk and beat her up.beat oneself up /beat yourself up (American informal) to blame yourself too much for somethingExample: If you do your best and you lose, you cant beat yourself up about it.miss the pointillustrate the point 举例说明 g
13、et to the point 中肯的, 扼要的 come (straight) to the point 直接切入主题beside the point 离题, 不中肯 to the point 中肯, 扼要conduct cross-examinationWe are conducting a survey/investigation/review of consumer attitudes towards organic food.审阅Is it really necessary to conduct experiments/tests on animals? 做实验They conduc
14、ted a campaign of bombings and assassinations. 进行，从事运动 The interview was conducted in English. The memorial service was conducted by the Rev. David Prior. 举行，引导It was the first time that I had conducted business in Brazil. 做生意 tear to shreds Synonym: rip to shredsExamples: The clothes were ripped to
15、 shreds and covered in blood.Within a year, other researchers had torn the theory to shreds. identify as to recognize and correctly name someone or something 指认某人为Examples: Eye witnesses identified the gunman as an army sergeant. sThe aircraft were identified as American.identify with somebody/somet
16、hing 认同 He identified with our distress and despair.identify something with sb./sth. 视为一体 the attempt to identify crime with poverty and social problemspull a trick/stunt/joke= pull somebodys leg 开玩笑There is no point doing= Its meaningless to docall for a. if a group of people calls for something, t
17、hey ask publicly for something to be doneb. to need or deserve a particular type of behaviour or treatmentc. to meet someone at their home in order to take them somewhereExamples: Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.Dealing with children who are so damaged calls fo
18、r immense tact and sensitivity. talk it out We need to spend a little time talking this out. /It might help if you talked it out with Dad.Cf.: talk somebody out of (doing) something 说服某人不做Cant you talk them out of selling the house?hang a jury 陪审员不能达成一致意见 Grand jury 大陪审团 Jury box 陪审席 Jury service 作陪
19、审员(not) hear oneself think used to emphasize how noisy a place is Examples: Just shut up, Tom. I cant hear myself think.think aloud/think out loud 自言自语She began to think aloud as she always did when I was with herIII. Law TermsConstitutional Law 宪法Criminal Law 刑法Administrative Law 行政法Civil Law 民法Law
20、 of Nations 万国公法International Law 国际法Fiscal Law 财政法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税criminal court 刑事法院(庭)civil court 民事法院(庭)Court of Cassation 上诉法院juvenile court 少年法庭court-martial 军事法庭La
21、w Courts 法院，法庭The Bar 律师席 judge 法官presiding judge 庭长，首席法官legal adviser 法律顾问judge in appeal 上诉法官jury 陪审团juror 陪审员assistant lawyer 见习律师attorney 代诉人，代理人notary 公证人criminal record 前科，犯罪记录proceedings (诉讼)程序inquiry 询问，调查hearing 审讯，审问summary 速审evidence, exhibits 证据alibi 不在犯罪现场summons 传票warrant for arrest 逮捕
22、证 responsibility, liability 责任on probation 缓刑release on bail 保释 release on parole 假释to witness 作证 eyewitness 目击证人，目击者attorney general 首席检察官，检察长regional court, Court of Appeal 地区法院Commercial Law, Mercantile Law 商法examining magistrate 地方预审法官court of first instance 一审法院( 庭)interrogatory, examination 讯问
23、，质问hearing of witnesses 听证，听取证词juvenile court judge 少年法庭法官lawyer, solicitor 律师，法律顾问barrister 出庭律师 (美作: attorney, lawyer)to sue, to prosecute 起诉，提起公诉High Court 高级法院 (美作: Supreme Court)domiciliary visit, house search 住宅搜查Civil Suit Law, Code of Civil Law 民事诉讼法National Audit Office 审计委员会 (美作: Committee
24、 on Public Accounts)to fall within the competence of a court 属于法律管辖权限之内International Court of Justice (联合国) 国际法院conciliation board in industrial disputes 劳工纠纷调解委员会counsel for the defence 辩护律师，被告律师public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官 (美作: districtattorney)arbitration tribunal, court of arbitration 仲裁法庭IV. Word
25、Building-age“总称” ，如: cellarage, baggage “地位、身份、状态” ，如 : baronage, bondage“动作” ，如: breakage, passage “费用、租金” ，如: cartage, postageparent n. parentage 父母亲的身份,出身,门第 block v. blockage 堵塞物break v. breakage 破坏,破损,破损量 cart n. cartage 运费 货车运输vagabond vg,bnd n.v.a. 流浪者,流浪的 vagabondage 流浪生活, 流浪者vicar n. vicara
26、ge 教区牧师住处俸禄V. Language Pointsany way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manneranyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of that; in any case-Im going _, no matter what you say. -Well, _, its too late to do anything now. anywayit _ you want. I dont care. I just want the result. any
27、way-He is desperate. He has to find that money _. Any wayPreliminary adj: happening before sth that is more important, often in order to prepare for it; preparatory noun: usually plural forms -The Congress will start preliminary hearings soon. (预备听政会) -without preliminaries (开门见山地)-Our team got beat
28、en in the preliminary rounds of the competition. (头几个回合)-May I make a few preliminary remarks before we start the interview. (开场白) strangle strl vt.扼死; 使窒息 manslaughter mn,sl:t n.过失杀人( 罪);误杀suffocate sf,ket vt. showing good sense-a sensible man -She is very sensible of the trouble. -It is very sensi
29、ble of you to take his advice.-It would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.sensitive:( + to) easily influence or changed by sth -sensitive to cold/heat -a sensitive skin( + about) have feelings that are easily hurt/offended-Dont mention that shes put on weight, shes
30、 very sensitive about it. -Her tears were just a trick to deceive others.（诡计）-card tricks （扑克牌魔术）-Our children used to play tricks on us.（捉弄）-magic tricks （魔术）-Dont play dirty tricks on me.（卑鄙手段） -Hows trick? (colloq) （混得如何）talk it out: discuss it thoroughly until we reach a final decision.Out: thor
31、oughly, completely, so as to be finished1. Lets play the match out. 2. Clean out the room. 3. Im tired out. 4. I had to sit out that boring performance. 5. Please hear me out. 6. The oil in the heater is running out. 7. The wind blew the candles out. 8. The lease is already out. 9. He will be back b
32、efore the month is out. 10. Lets try and sort out this mess. probable: with all the evidence in its support or being so reasonable that one may think it is likely to occur; that has a good chance of being true or correct. possible: that can exist, happen or be done.-Its possible that they will win,
33、but judging by their recent performance it doesnt seem very probable.in the first place -It you dont care about your children, why do you have them in the first place.-If these programs make you so upset, why do you listen to them in the first place. -You say that you just dont like to talk. Then yo
34、u shouldnt have chosen language study as your career in the first place.stamp (followed by adv or prep) -He was stamping about in the snow trying to keep his feet warm. -She stamped upstairs.-She stamped on the insects and killed it. -He was stamping around the room in a furious temper.break the tie
35、 -The election/game ended in a tie. We tied our opposing team.-gamble at poker/cards -gamble on horses (horse races)-gamble in the stock exchange -He gambled away the fortune his grandmother left him.-Hes gambling with his passengers lives, driving as fastas that.From the textTake a preliminary vote
36、Vote the accused guiltyNow we know where we areIn a dozen different ways Send the boy off to dieServe a jail term for forgerySince when is dishonesty a group characteristic?A quick ideaInnocent until proven guiltyThe burden of proof is on the prosecutionStick the knife into ones chest=stab sb.Its ju
37、st part of the pictureTwo slaps in the faceReform schoolKnife fightingSlums are breeding-grounds for criminalsPotential menaces to societyThe evidence spilled outThe defense counselor let too many things go byPut myself in sbs placeOne alleged eyewitnessSwitch bladeStab sb. to deathYou pulled a real
38、 bright trickIve got a proposition to make to all of youVote by secret written ballotStand sloneGolden voiced preacherTalk to a dead phonePass a given pointWhat are you getting at?It may have been too many. Everyone has a breaking pointThe product of a breaking home and a filthy neighborhoodWere not getting anywhere fighting(争吵一点意义也没有)Violence is practically a normal state of affairs with him
