1、智课网IELTS备考资料雅思写作语法详解限定性定语从句_ 雅思写作在雅思写作中，一般的简单句会用一个形容词做定语来修饰一个名词，但当定语成分太过复杂而不能只用单个形容词担当时，就要借助于一个句子来做定语修饰名词。像这样由句子担当定语，对被修饰的先行词进行有限定制约，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，我们称之为限定性定语从句，下面我们结合例句进行对比学习：a)I dont like lazy people(形容词做定语放在名词前面).b)I dont like the people who never keep their words. 我不喜欢从不遵守诺言的人.在限定性定语从句中，有两个比较重要的概
2、念。以b句为例, 独立主句是：I dont like the people;定语从句为 “who never keep their words”，相当于一个形容词，做定语修饰名词 “the people”， 且从句和主句是由who来连接的。在定语从句中，“the people”被称为先行词，指被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象。“who”被称为关系词即重复指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定成分的连词。从上面的解析不难看出，关系词在限定性定语从句中很重要，是连接主句和从句的关键。关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词，下面我们一起来进行具体的学习。I.关系代词主要有：who, whom, whose, wh
3、ich, that.A. 当先行词为人时，可用关系代词who,whom,whose 和that.a. 若关系代词在从句中做主语时，选用 who 或that.eg： The woman is a responsible teacher who /that is loved by her students.= The woman is a responsible teacher and she is loved by her students.b. 若关系代词在从句中做宾语时，选用 whom(首选 ),who 或that.eg: The girl whom we are talking about
4、 is a good friend of us.c. 若关系代词在从句中做定语,表示人的所有关系时，选用 whose 或of whom.Eg:I know a friend whose sister is a famous dancer.= I know a friend. His sister is a famous dancer. (whose 代替了his,指人 friend)B.当先行词为物时，可用关系代词which, that 或whose.a. 若关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语时，选用 which 或that.Eg:These are the trees which / that a
5、re destroyed in the fire(做主语).b. 若关系代词在从句中做定语 ,表示物的所有关系时，选用 whose 或of which.Eg:The children saw an elephant whose legs were hurt badly.综上所述，当先行词为人和物时，若在从句中做主语或是宾语，这时可用选用关系代词that，做定语时用whose.II. 关系副词主要有：where,when 和why.A. 当先行词为表示地点的名词时，定语从句由副词where 引导.In the sixth century BC, ancient Greece was a coun
6、try where there were a lot of new ideas.B. 当先行词为表示时间的名词时，定语从句由副词when 引导.Plato lived at a time when philosophy was very fashionable.C. 当先行词为表示原因的名词时，定语从句由副词why引导.Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?需要注意的是，限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met someone who said he knows you.通过上面的讲解，同学们在雅思写作过程中对限定性定语从句是否又多了一份了解呢?希望可以有助于您更好的解析英文中的定语从句，从而更好的提高雅思作文中的长难句学习。
