1、语法概述 构成句子的成分主、谓、宾、表. 定、状、补.同位语. 插入语一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。名词、代词、数词、主语从句、介词、V-ing 、To do、 The+adj1 名 词： Success is the result of good judgment. Life lights the candle of hope.2 代 词： We live and learn. I doubt, therefore I think. I think, therefore I am.3 数 词： Two in distress
2、makes the sorrow less.4 主语从句： How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate was. What is worth doing is worth doing well.5 介词短语： From words to deeds is a great space.6 V-ing: Losing can be a real beginning. Believing in yourself is the secret of success.7.To do: To light the can
3、dle of heart is better than to curse the darkness of the outside world. To know is wisdom and to do is a skill.8.The+adj: The selfless can be fearless. The ignorant can be fearless. The shameless can be fearless.二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。表状态、表动作、表拥有、情态动词动词原形表状态： Life is full of ups and downs. L
4、ife is hope and hope is life.表动作： Many hands make light work. I came I saw I conquered.表拥有： 人或物时用：have has 无生命的东西：there be情态动词动词原形：You cant control your life, but you can control your attitude towards life.三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。名词、代词、数词、复合结构、句子、V-ing 、To do、 The+adj1. 名词作宾语： Reading enriches our mind.2
5、. 代词作宾语： God help those who help themselves3. 数词作宾语： One plus one makes two.4. 复合结构： If you lack confidence you will find it hard to win.5. 宾从句作宾语： Change what you cant bear; bear what you cant change.6. To do: Winners expect to win in advance.7. V-ing: Reading is like opening a window to the outsid
6、e world.8. The+adj: We should help the poor and weak.四、表语：接在系动词后，补充说明主语的情况又称为主语补足语。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、V-ing 、 To do、 V-ed、 从句1. 名 词： Life is struggle2. 代 词： The master of your life is yourself.3. 数 词： Two plus two is four.4. 形容词： Life is short and art is long.5. 副 词： She is out.6. 介词短语: Im under t
7、he weather today.7. 从 句： The real measure of success is how happy we are.8. V-ing: Courage is doing what others think you cant do.9. To do: What we should do is to take feasible measures.10. V-ed: He is excited.五、定语：修饰名词或类似于名词的词。一般翻译为“的”，表示事物性质或状态，分为前置或后置。形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、介词短语、定语从句、V-ing 、V-ed 、To
8、 do1. 形容词： A warm smile is the universal language. Information available2. 代 词： Every dog has his day.3. 数 词： Two heads are better than one.4. 名 词： 名词作定语（名词修饰名词重要原则：第一个名词用单数）1 Information technology2 Information center3 Credit card4 Generation gap5 Beauty contest6 Communication skills7 Information a
9、ge8 Knowledge economy9 Peace talks10 Service industry11 Water scarcity12 Survival skills13 Press conference14 Safety standard15 Life insurance16 Weather forecast17 Reception desk18 Coffee break19 Body guard20 Heart attack5. 名词所有格： A positive attitude is a persons passport to the bright future.1 Adam
10、s apple2 Devils advocate3 Pandoras box4 In ones minds eye5 Old waves tale6 At a snails pace7 The lions share8 For Gods sake9 Dogs life10 Childs play6. V-ing : Failure is a learning experience.7. To do: There is no time to lose.8. V-ed: fallen leaves boiled water.9. 介词短语： A friend in need is a friend
11、 indeed.10. 定语从句： That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.六、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句的词或句。按照功能分十一种：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步、比较、伴随、评注。副 词 、 介 词 短 语 、 形 容 词 、 名 词 、 独 立 主 格 、 状 语 从 句 、 状 语 从 句 省 略 结 构 、 To do V-ing V-ed 1. 副 词 Furthermore, studying abroad can render students
12、 a good opportunity to experience a totally different culture.2. 介词短语 Along the road to success, there are many failures.3. 形容词 He came back, tired.4. 名 词 Yesterday, I met him.5. 独立主格 Life being hard ,struggle is the only way out.6. 状语从句 If you can dream it, you can do it.7. 状语从句省略结构 If possible, I
13、will go with Tom.8. To do To leap higher, we must draw back further.9. V-ing Life is just like a brook, flowing away and never turning back.10. V-ed United we stand; divided we fall.七、补语：主语补足语（补充说明主语的性质或状态） 、宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的性质或状态）主语补足语：形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、To do V-ing As + n V-ed1. 形容词： He died young.2. 名 词：
14、 He is called Tom.3. 数 词： Tom 16 is a troublemaker.4. 介词短语： He came back, out of humor.5. To do: He was seen to go upstairs.6. V-ing: She is often heard singing in the morning.7. V-ed: He came back, quite changed.8. As + n:Be accepted/treated/taken/described/used/considered/known/looked upon/recogni
15、zed/regarded as+n八、同位语：句子中的两种成份表达同一种概念，即 A=B 称之为同位语。名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、从句、To do V-ing1. 名 词： We should make full use of today, the hope of tomorrow.2. 代 词： She herself said: “time works wonder.”3. 数 词： We two like the saying: money talks.4. 形容词： All countries, big or small, should be treated equal.5.
16、 介词短语 of 结构：The city of Rome wasnt built in a day.6. 从 句： The fact that you have tried your best is in itself a big victory.7. To do: His belief, to seize today and to begin now, is quite great.8. V-ing: His proposal doing what you like and liking what you do is reasonable.九、插入语插入语是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解
17、释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。(1) 常见的副词及短语： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb, Certainly generally roughly, precisely, exactly, strictly, theoretically(2) 常见的形容词及短语： funny， needless to say （不
18、用说）， most important of all 等。(3) 常见的介词短语： by the way， in a few words / in sum / in short （简而言之），in other words， in general， in ones opinion / judgment （按照某人的意见），in fact， in the first place， of course， to ones knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。(4) 常见的 doing 短
19、语： strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking （严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等）说； Judging from / by （根据判断）等。(5) 常见的动词不定式短语： to be sure （无疑地）， to sum up （概括地说）， to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ star
20、t ） with 等。2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， whats more， whats worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， Im afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）等。(1) 阅读理解。阅读中出现大量插入语会增加理解障碍。熟练掌握插入语，有利于分析句子结构，理解文章大意。(2) 写作。书面表达要求语言连贯、地道，恰当使用插入语，可以给文章增色不少
