1、初二现在完成时教案一、知识梳理：(一)、现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。(1) 肯定句式: 现在完成时的肯定句式是have（has）过去分词We have just finished our homework(2) 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是havent（hasnt）过去分词We havent studied Unit 2 yet(3) 疑问句式: 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词 have 或 has 提到主语之前。Have you
2、 read this story book yet？2.用法(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被 just、already 、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。(可能还
3、要继续教)I havet seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过” ，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次1.Tom_the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had解析：A、B、C 均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表“ 段时间“的短语连用，故选 D2. We
4、_ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A.know B.had known C.have known D. knew解析：现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since +过去时间点“连用(含从句，从句过去时)。故应选 C。3.-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish解析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的
5、动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作 ,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如 yesterday,last week,a moment ago 等)连用。故应选 B。4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes .A.has begun B.had begunC.has been on D.began解析：现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词
6、来代替。故应为 C5.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.（用时态填空）解析：本题考查的是时态的运用，故应填 lived / has been living6.His father _ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in解析：现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故应选为 D。7. _ my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a
7、minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen解析： 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响.故应选 D（二） 、 外研版八年级下册固定搭配和重点短语 21. invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 2. think about 考虑 3. make up 编造 4. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 5. come with 和.一起去 6. the first prize 一等奖 7. at the moment 此时，现在 8. so far 到目前为止 9.
8、 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事10. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 11. a fifteen-year-old boy 一个十五岁的男孩 12. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 最.之一 13. be different from 与.不同 14. count down 倒数 15. send sb. to do sth . 把某人送去做某事 16. enter a competition 参加竞赛 17. write about 编写；写作 18. think about 考虑 19. travel around the world 环
9、游世界 20. work for 效力于 21. for example 例如 22. look forward to doing sth./ sth. 期盼；期待 23. have a wonderful time 玩的开心 24. a pair of 一双 25. the rest of 剩余的二、课堂练习：1. 完形填空（本大题有 10 小题，每一题 1 分，共 10 分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。A tramp (流浪汉) was sleeping on a park bench late at night. A man and a wo
10、man were walkingl . One of them tapped him 2 and asked, “ 3 . Whats the time?” The tramp was very angry 4 . “I dont know!” he said angrily. “I havent got a watch.” And he went back to sleep.5 later another man was passing. He woke the tramp up and said, “I am sorry to bother you, but I 6 if you coul
11、d tell me 7 .”Again the tramp said he 8 . By now he was very fed up (厌烦之极) , so he got a pen and a piece of paper and wrote I DONT KNOW WHAT THE TIME IS on it and went back to sleep. Half an hour 9 , a policeman was passing. He 10 the sign, woke the tramp up and said, “Its 2:30, sir!”l. A. past B. p
12、assed C. to pass D. passing 2. A. on his shoulder B. on the shoulderC. to his shoulder D. to the shoulder 3. A. Sorry B. Hello C. Excuse me D. Pardon 4. A. by being woken up B. to be woken upC. at being woken up D. being woken up 5. A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time 6. A. know B. a
13、sk C. wonder D. wait 7. A. what time is it B. what is the timeC. what time it is D. what was the time 8. A. knew nothing B. didnt knowC. knew nobody D. didnt answer 9. A. after B. late C. past D. later 10. A. read B. was reading C. reads D. reading 2.短文填空（本大题有 10 小题，每一题 1.5 分，共 15 分）I am Jackie Lee,
14、 an American Chinese.Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story.My grandfather was (71)_ in 1932 and grew up in a poor village in Fujian, China.At the age of 14, he first heard of America.It was said to be the land of gold and poor people could easily become (72)_ there.So, my grandfather came
15、 to America.“I had thought it was easy to (73)_ money in America， ” he told me, “But when I (74)_ in Los Angeles, I realized it was not true.I couldnt find a good job because I spoke little English.I wanted to go to a language school to learn English, (75)_ I couldnt afford it.Later, I worked in a s
16、mall (76)_， serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors.I was such (77)_ helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me.I was popular with my workmates, (78)_ Life became easier and in the end I entered an evening school to learn English.” My gr
17、andfather kept working hard, and finally made (79)_ dream come true.Things do not come easily in life.That is what I have learned (80)_ my grandfather.参考答案 答案： 1A 2. B 3C 4C 5D 6C 7C 8B 9D 10A讲解：1walk past 表示“ 走过去”。而 pass 是动词，表示“经过” 。2. tap sb on the shoulder 意思是“拍某人的肩膀”，不能说 tap on his shoulder，类似的表
18、达法有：take sb by the hand 拉某人的手，hit sb in the face 打某人的脸。3打扰对方或请求对方帮助时用“Excuse me”。4be angry at sth“因某事生气”；be angry with sb“生某人的气” 。5some time 一段时间 sometime 某时 sometimes 有时6I wonder if you could do sth 是一个句型，用来表达 “不知您能否做?”请求对方的帮助。例如： I wonder if you could help me with my English. 不知您能否帮助我学英语。7宾语从句为陈述句
19、语序。8根据上下文的意思，这个人是“不知道几点钟了” 。9时间 +laterafter+ 时间，表示一个过去时间的 “多久以后”。例如：a few days laterafter a few days 几天以后。10read 的过去式与原形拼写相同，只是读音不样。原形读作ri：d，而过去式读作red.本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爷爷来美国的经历。 71born be born 是固定搭配，意为“出生”，故应填 born。72rich 根据上文“poor people”从而可推断填 rich。73make/earn 根据 be easy to do sth.结构，可知此处应填一个动词的原形；ma
20、ke/earn money (挣钱)是固定短语，故此空格填 make/earn。74arrived arrive in 意为 “到达”；且根据下文“I realized it was not true”可知应填过去式。75but 根据“couldnt afford it”可知后半句表示转折关系，应填 but。76restaurant 由“serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”可知应填 restaurant，即“ 饭店” 。77a 由固定搭配 “sucha/an
21、adj.n.” 且 helpful 为辅音音素开头可知应填a。78too 根据语境，肯定句中的“也” 放在句尾，故应填 too。79his my grandfather 做主语，作为其代词应填 his。80from learn from ( 从 学)是固定短语。三、完形填空之解题步骤：四、完形填空之解题推测手段四、课后练习：1、完形填空“Beijing, Toronto and Paris are the most 1 cities bidding (申办) for the Olympic Games of 2008,” said Richard W. Pound, the IOCs firs
22、t vice president.“The host (主办)city of the Olympic Games of 2008 will be 2 at the IOCs meeting in Moscow in 2001. Beijing is ready on its way because it 3 became the host of the Olympic Games of 2000, and Toronto and Paris also have 4 power,” said Pound at an IOC meeting.About ten cities are 5 in bi
23、dding for the Olympic Games of 2008, of which, there are three most important cities. They are Beijing, Toronto, Paris. Some of 6 cities are Osaka, Havana, Istanbul and Cairoete.For the first time, the host city will be decided 7 IOC members visiting the places. The bidding scandals (丑闻)of the Salt
24、Lake City have made the IOC find new 8 of bidding. That is 9 the IOC members will not be allowed to 10 the bidding cities. 1. A. difficult B. important C. exciting D. 2. A. decided B. cleaned C. built D. taken 3. A. hardly B. always C. nearly D. sometimes 4. A. small B. strong C. no D. a little 5. A
25、. interested B. worried C. amazed D. moved6. A. the other B. other C. another D. others 7. A. with B. when C. without D. by 8. A. ideas B. roads C. questions D. ways 9. A. what B. how C. why D. where 10. A. visit B. leave C. touch D. choose 2、短文填空Michael Leung, a famous TV host (主持人) in Hong Kong, w
26、rote a (1)_ to his son.It is not only helpful for children, but also good for all ages.The following are chosen (2)_ his letter.1.Life is short.While you (3)_ wasting it today, youll realize you are at the end of it tomorrow.So the earlier you start to value your life, the (4)_ you can enjoy it.2.Yo
27、u might not be successful (5)_ you dont study hard, although a lot of successful people havent (6)_ higher education.3.I dont expect you to support (供养) me for the rest of (7)_ life, so Im not going to do the same for you.You will be living on your own when you grow up.4.You can require yourself to be nice to others, (8)_ you shouldnt expect the same from others.5.Ive been buying the lottery (彩票) for almost twenty (9)_， but Im still poor.I have never got the third place even once.So you have to work hard to be successful.There is no (10)_ lunch in the world.
