1、 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.org精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号：_ 学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师： 课 题 中考英语形容词和副词专项复习（一）授课日期及时段教学目的1. 掌握重点形容词、副词用法； 2. 在实际中能正确运用.教学内容Step 1.Check homework and reviewA.讲解错题，学生进行错题整理；B.复习：Step 2.Warming-up单词填空：1. Many Chinese have trouble using a knife and fork _ (correct). 2.
2、 When you feel tired, youd better wear _ (energy) colours, such as green. 3. Dont get _ (patient) about your personal trouble. 无锡市4. _ (医疗的) workers are badly needed in those earthquake-hit areas. 5.Sleep is _(必要的) to health. 6.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more _(舒服地). 7.She h
3、as been a very_(勇敢的)little girl. 8.The book should be returned no_(迟) than next Friday. 9. Susan often goes swimming in summer when its warm and (晴朗的). 10. I like working here because everyone is_(friend). 答案：1correctly 2. energetic 3. impatient 4. Medical 5.neccessary 6. comfortably 7. brave 8. lat
4、er 9.sunny 10. friendly 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.orgStep 3.Teaching key points形容词、副词：1、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之
5、后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高 1.8 米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地 38 万公里)3、有关形容词的用法辨析： whole 与 a
6、ll：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) tall 与 high, short 与 low：指人的个子时用 tall 与 short；指其他事物时一般用 high 与 low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道
7、的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上) real 与 true：real 一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而 true 则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石 ) and its very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / -Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听) interested 与 interesting 的区别：interesting 指人或
8、东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而 interested 则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”, 只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣) such 用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+ that 从句)。如：I have ne
9、ver seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记) good 与 well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用 good,作状语用 well；表示“(身体)好” 时用 well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / -How ar
10、e you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。) nice 与 fine：的区别：nice 表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine 一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！ ) /Hes fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错 ) too much 与 much too：too much 表示“太多的”, 修饰事物数量； much too 表示“太过,过分”
11、,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了) quick、 fast 与 soon：quick 与 fast 基本同义,quick 往往指反应速度快,fast 往往指运动速度快,而 soon 则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A t
12、rain is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)lonely 与 alone：lonely 是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是： “孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone 的意思是：“独自的,单独的”, 指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的 alone 可作状语) 。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住 ,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person. You
13、can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.org独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易) other 与 else 的区别：两个词都可以作形容词 ,但是用法不同,other 放在名词前；else 修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else 表示“否则”, 是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解
14、出着道数学题？) / This is nobody elses money. Its mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？ special 与 especial 的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但 special 较为常用。另外,special 还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for sma
15、ll children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子 ) gone、 lost、 missing 的区别： gone 表示“ 丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost 表示“ 丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing 表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) /
16、 My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) / For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站) living 、 alive、 live、 lively 的区别：四个词都来源于动词 live“生活、居住”。living 读liviN 有三个意思： “ 活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于 lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼
17、的 ”；live 读laiv,指东西 “活的”,可以替换为 living；alive 读laiv作表语,指人“ 活着的 ”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively 读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩) 鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。例如：A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)( 被动句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) / They are t
18、he happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子 ) / This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).( 她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛) sick 与 ill 区别：sick 和 ill 都表示“生病的”,但是,sick 可以做定语、表语,而 ill 只能做表语。如：He h
19、as been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久 ,现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物 ,很受宠物主人们的喜爱 ) the poor(穷人们 ) / the rich(富人们)等用法：“the +形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never k
20、now how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)2、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：(见下表)时 间 副 词 频度副词 地点/方位副 词 程度副词 方式副 词 疑问/连接副 词 其他副词today, tomorrow, once, here, there, very, too, well, how, too, also, yesterday, now, twice, home, below, enough, hard, where, nor, so, then, early, lat
21、e, always, anywhere, rather, quite, alone, when, as, on,off,once, soon, just, usually, above, outside, how, so, fast, why, either,tonight, long, often, in, inside, out, much, just, together, whether yes, no,already, yet, before, sometimes,back, up, down, nearly, only suddenly, however, etc. not, nei
22、therago, later, ever since never, away, off, far,almost, hardly, -ly 结尾 关系副词 maybe,after, whenever (seldom), near, nearby, as long as等, 的副词 where, perhaps,中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.orgfirst, someday, ever, wherever even, all, why, how certainly,sometime, last, everywhere, a little, a bit whe
23、n, 2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early 、 late、 before、 later、 yet 等一般放在句尾,already、just 一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 频度副词：一般放在 be 动词之后或者助动词与主要动词
24、之间,但 sometimes、 often 等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually 可放在句首,once 可放在句尾,twice 、 three times 等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly 可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as q
25、uickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快 ) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).( 突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里 ,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但 here、 there 还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向 ).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了 )/ He walked
26、 out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词 ：修饰动词时 ,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only 位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我 ,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳
27、朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如： When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still
28、a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词：用来引导定语从句 ,在从句中作状语。如： This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方) / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(
29、请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词 ： too“也”, 用在句尾； also 放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/ 关”放在动词之后；not 放在 be 之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps 放在句首；certainly 放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pock
30、et.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) (2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在 be 等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉 ,他此刻不在家) / I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近 20 年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边 )(3)作定语：时间副词(如 now、then)以
31、及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪 20 年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) /
32、 Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词 ”的宾语如果是代词 ,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如： He wrote down the word.(他写下了那中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.org个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)3、有关副词的重要注释： asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/ 副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as s
33、oon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/ 多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达 50 万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) lat
34、er 、 after、 ago、 before 的用法：“ 一段时间+ later/ago”分别表示“( 多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。“after/before+ 某个时刻” 分别表示 “在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。ago 与 before：ago 只能用于过去时,before 用于完成时。如： He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家 )/ Have you been there bef
35、ore?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking. (过了几年他戒了烟。) above、 below、 over、 under 的用法：在上下方用 above 和 below,在高低处用 over 和 under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)当 above、 below、 over、 under 是介词性质时,意义相似。 too、 also、 either、 nor 的用法：too (“也”
36、)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾 ,且用逗号隔开；also(“ 也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“ 也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开； nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American, too?(你也是美国人吗？) / He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛 ,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good. (你还可以发觉那个市
37、场很好。 ) enough、 too、 so、 very、 quite、 very much 的用法： enough (“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太 ”)、very(“ 非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“ 如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/ 非常贵/相当贵。)/ I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)注意 very 与 much 的区别：very 修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词 ,much
38、修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much 还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词 ,very 不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/ I dont like him much.(我不太喜欢他) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、 some time 的用法
39、：sometimes (有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次) 表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去 )/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。) how、 what 用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用 how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感
40、叹用 what. 如： What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!(问题) 真难呀！) already、 yet 的用法：在完成时中,already 一般用于肯定句,yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.( 我还没有吃早饭呢。) hard 与 hardly 的用法：hard 作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly 是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般
41、与情态动词 can/could 连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰) like.very much 、 like.better(=prefer)、 like.best 的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、 “更喜欢”、 “最喜欢”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / Th
42、ey like hamburgers best.“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：quite/such/what.+a +形容词+名词;too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;rather+a+ 形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如： I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙 ).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子) how 的几个短语：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态 ,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how so
43、on“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times“多少次”,用于过中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家精锐教育网站：www.1smart.org去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少 ”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？) much、 more 与 most 的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语
44、之外,还是程度副词,much 表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more 表示“ 更”用来构成多音节形/ 副的比较级,most 表示“ 最”用来构成多音节形/ 副的最高级。此外,much 也可以修饰比较级形/ 副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影) no more、 no longer、 not.any more、 no.any longer 的用法：表示时间,可以用 no l
45、onger、 not.ny more、 no.any longer,而且 no longer 只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用 no more、 not.any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里 ) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟 ) 被动语态中,方式副词一般放在 be 与谓语动词之间。如： The runner was badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/ English is widely spoken
46、in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛 ) too.to.与 so.that.的问题：副词 too/so 后面跟形容词或副词 ,to 后面跟动词,that 后面跟从句。Too.to. (“太.以致不”) 是否定的结构 ,用于简单句；so.that.(“ 如此以致”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军 )/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。 ) 既是形容词也是副词的单词有：ear
47、ly, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight 等等。如： It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法)/ He is a very hard(难对付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙) farther 与 further 的用法区别：表示地点
48、、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是 further 还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为 farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些 )/ This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修) rather 与 quite 的用法区别：同 very 一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度 ,quite 表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather 比 quite 更接近 very 的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“
