1、,Unit 2 Section B,AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS,Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?,Contents,Reading Skills,Test Yourself,Reading Comprehension,Reading SkillsScanning,Like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does ren
2、der you better able in reading.,This practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill for this unit.,Introduction,阅读实践,随 笔,Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions,Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved w
3、ith direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. Opinions, on the other hand, are statements of belief, judgment, or feeling. Opinions are often based on facts, but they also involve the writers personal interpretation of the facts, which may or may not match your inte
4、rpretation of them. Here are some examples from Text A.,阅读实践,随 笔,Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. (Para. 2),This is a fact as the word “published” in the sentence shows
5、 what really happened.,阅读实践,随 笔,If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. (Para. 10),This is an opinion expressed in an imperative sentence, which indicates an opinion from the writer.,阅读实践,随 笔,In gener
6、al, its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. (Para. 10),This is an opinion. The phrase “in general” and the structure “its better to.” imply that the sentence is an opinion from the writer.,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,Lo
7、ok at the following statements from Text B. Which are facts? Which are opinions? Mark each with O (for opinion) or F (for fact).,阅读技巧,随 笔,Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain.,O,阅读技巧,随 笔,2. His studies with rats have demonstrated two pri
8、mary effects of activity: Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-based exercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists, may make the brain better able to process information.,F,阅读技巧,随 笔,3. Human studi
9、es have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.,F,阅读技巧,随 笔,4. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in
10、physical condition.,O,阅读技巧,随 笔,But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, thebetter mood, and the ability to concentratethat comes from burning off steam in exercise.,F,阅读技巧,随 笔,6. Consequently, the brains of people
11、 who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges.,O,Reading Comprehension,New Words,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Questions Previewing,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Introduction,For you to be better conditioned for reading as fast
12、 as 100 words per minute, as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material. But, for this purpose, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each questio
13、n before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,1. One positive effect of exercise is that it can _. 2. What special effect does skill-based exercise have on the brain? 3. While _ of rats showed a greater number of brain connections, _ had a greater densi
14、ty of blood vessels in the brain. 4. One possible reason for scientists to make experiments with rats is that _.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,5. Arthur Kramer, at the University of Illinois, conducted his research on _. 6. According to measurements by Arthur Kramer, training can help in _. 7. Now some scienti
15、sts have come to know that the academic edge derives from _. 8. What does the sentence “Mind is body, and body is mind” (Para. 11) mean?,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 2 “Its clear that the brain benefits from exercise,” says brain scientist William Greenough of the Univ
16、ersity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity: Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-based exercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scien
17、tists, may make the brain better able to process information.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 3 In one experiment, laboratory rats were separated into three groups. One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel, a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course, a
18、nd a third group was inactive.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 4 “The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,” Greenough said. “In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the aut
19、omatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.”,Chinese,Para. 5 Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says. And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well, the b
20、enefits multiply. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of Greenoughs experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young. And while animals arent people, he says it is lo
21、gical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 6 Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. Measuremen
22、ts made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults, aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course. A corresponding control group that didnt exercise showed no improvement.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,
23、随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 7 This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of n
24、eglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 8 “In older people, an exercise program appears important for brain maintenance,” says Daniel M. Landers, professor of exercise science at Arizona State University, w
25、ho recently published an article reviewing the scientific literature on activitys effect on the brain.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 9 Numerous studies show that children who engage in regular physical activity do better in school than their inactive classmates. But until recently, the academic e
26、dge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. Now, however, some scientists have revised their way of thinking, and point to possible physical connections.,C
27、hinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 10 Pierce J. Howard, another expert, says new research indicates that physical exercise increases the amount of certain brain chemicals that stimulate growth of nerve cells. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challe
28、nges.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para. 11 Inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. “Scientists recognize that mind is body, and body is mind,” comments Howard. The most beneficial forms of exercise, he says, engage both.,Chinese,Choice Making,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,One positive
29、effect of exercise is that it can _.A. correct heart trouble B. heal bones that have been brokenC. fight lung disease D. make the brain function better,Refer to Para. 1,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,2. What special effect does skill-based exercisehave on the brain?A. Providing more energy. B. Leading to format
30、ion of more connections.C. Making part of the brain inactive. D. Clearing the brain of certain thoughts.,Refer to Para. 2,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,3. While _ of rats showed a greater number of brain connections, _ had a greater density of blood vessels in the brain.A. the first group / the third group B.
31、the second group / the third groupC. the first group / the second group D. the second group / the first group,Refer to Paras. 3 & 4,Return to Para. 4,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,4. One possible reason for scientists to makeexperiments with rats is that _.A. rats benefit from the experimentsB. the experiments
32、 can boost the brains of the ratsC. an effect found in rats may also apply to humansD. animals and humans are very much alike,Return to Para. 5,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,5. Arthur Kramer, at the University of Illinois, conducted his research on _.A. older people B. human brainsC. rats D. children,Refer to
33、Para. 6,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,6. According to measurements by Arthur Kramer, training can help in _.A. increasing self-confidenceB. performing tasks such as pressing buttonsC. responding more quickly to a toneD. hearing tones much better than before,Refer to Para. 6,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,7. Now some scien
34、tists have come to know that the academic edge derives from _.A. regular physical activity B. increased self-confidenceC. the better mood D. the ability to concentrate,Refer to Para. 9,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,8. What does the sentence “Mind is body, and body is mind” (Para. 11) mean?A. Mind and body are
35、equal in importance.B. Mind goes first and body second.C. Body goes first and mind second.D. Mind and body are equal in function.,Return to Para. 11,Test Yourself,Compound Dictation,In-Depth Reading,Compound Dictation,You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the second time,
36、 you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S8 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered S9 to S11 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your o
37、wn words. Now listen to the passage.,Directions:,阅读填空,随 笔,Very few people can get a college degree before 11, but Michael was an exception. He started high school when he was 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the S1 _ youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning
38、 an S2 _ degree.,worlds,阅读填空,随 笔,architecture,Now at 11 Michaels working on a masters degree in S3 _ intelligence. But Michaels S4 _ hasnt always come easy. S5 _ his intelligence, he still lacks important life S6 _.In one class, he had to S7 _ to understand S8 _ novels, because he says, “Im 11. Ive
39、never been in love before.”,阅读填空,随 笔,artificial,success,Despite,experiences,romantic,struggle,Another challenge was his size. 9_ _. He likes computers so much S10 _ _. He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. S11_ _.,High school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment w
40、as too big for the then five-year-old student,阅读填空,随 笔,that in graduate school hes studying how to make them think like people,Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid,In-Depth Reading,In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank fro
41、m a list of choices given in a word bank above the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.,Directions:,复合听写,随 笔,Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a 1 _ in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 perc
42、ent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) 2 _ on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.,case,painted,复合听写,随 笔,Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning
43、to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on 3 _ roads around the country to test how well the patterns 4 _ highway crashes.,selected,reduce,复合听写,随 笔,5 _ speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic acciden
44、ts, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related 6 _ are the greatestcurves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.,Excessive,hazards,复合听写,随 笔,Some studies suggest that straight, 7 _ bars painted across roads can 8 _
45、cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar.,horizontal,复合听写,随 笔,initially,Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the 9 _ that they are driving faster than they really are but also make
46、 a lane appear to be 10 _. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.,narrower,impression,复合听写,随 笔,End,搭配 a succession of,For more,a series of / a string of 一系列,in succession 连续的，接连的in succession to 接替的；继承的claim the succession 要求继承权,长时间接连不断的阴雨天使我们很
47、厌烦。,The long succession of wet days wore us out.,搭配 a succession of,科学发展观的贯彻引起了一系列经济改革。,The implementation of scientific outlook on development has given rise to a succession of reforms in economy.,单词 proposal,返回,advance / make / put forth a proposal 提出一项建议 accept / adopt a proposal 接受一项建议 decline / refuse / turn down a proposal 拒绝一项建议,For more,n. 1. a suggestion 建议，计划，方案 2. an offer of marriage 求婚,政府提出了一项改善公共运输的方案。,The government put forward a proposal to improve public transportation.,
