1、第 2 讲 冠词（要点透视）一、不定冠词(a/an)规则 1：当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时，用 a；而当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时，用 an。【特别提醒】判断 a 还是 an 的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是单纯判断是否元音字母。a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an xray, an 800metrelong bridge规则 2：“a/an 可数名词单数”常用来表示泛指。I only know it was a dog not a cat that
2、 bit me. 我只知道是狗咬了我而不是猫。The boy was very pleased to have caught a fish. 这男孩很高兴抓住了一条鱼。规则 3：序数词前面加不定冠词 a/an 表示“再一，又一”。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。They have a second house in the country. 他们在乡下还有一间房子。规则 4：在“of a/an 名词单数 ”结构中，不定冠词 a/an 表示“同一，相同”，相
3、当于 the same。They are all songs of a type. 它们是同类型的歌曲。Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。规则 5：不定冠词 a/an 用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某一个”，“有一个”；也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物，相当于“a certain”。We all regard him as a living Lei Feng.我们把他当做活雷锋。A Mr. Li died on a Saturday. 有个李先生死于某个星期天。规则 6：a/an 在表示时间和度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。He walks
4、 twenty miles an hour.他每小时走 20 英里。规则 7：不定冠词 a/an 用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一种，一件，一个”之意；如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词通常不可少。She was a beauty when young. 她年轻的时候是个美人。He received a good education. 他接受过很好的教育。规则 8：moon, sky, world 等表示世界上独一无二的事物被形容词修饰时前面要加不定冠词。When can we enjoy a new moon? 我们何时才能欣赏到一弯新月呢？规则 9：用于 most 前表示程度，意
5、为“非常，十分”。Its a most interesting book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。二、 定冠词(the)定冠词(the)主要用于特指，但也可以用于泛指。所谓特指，是指上文已提到的人和物，或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人和物，也可指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人和物。规则 1：方位名词 east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle 和时间名词present, past, future 前都要用定冠词 the。He lives in the north. 他生活在北方。We learn from the past, expe
6、rience the present, and hope for the future. 我们学习过去，体验现在，展望未来。【注意】作副词用时不加冠词。He was then heading east for the school farm.他当时正朝东向学校农场走去。规则 2：定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 史密斯一家住在我们上面的一个公寓里。规则 3：by 和计量单位名词连用时，名词前要用冠词 the；但如果该名词为不可数名词，则不用冠词。例如：by the yard/the me
7、ter/the dozen/the month/ the year/the hour, 但是要说：by weight/volume/area。He pays the rent by the month. 他按月付房租。They got their pay by weight. 他们按重量取酬。规则 4：当西洋乐器名称作 play 的宾语时，名词前必须加定冠词 the。She is good at playing the piano. 她钢琴弹得好。规则 5：名词由短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时要加定冠词 the；但是，修饰以后仍然是泛指时就不能用定冠词。This morning I saw a
8、 woman who looked like your aunt. 今天上午我看到了一位妇女，她很像你的阿姨。Youd better ask the woman who sits in front of you to help you. 你最好请坐在你前面的妇女帮你。规则 6：“the 可数名词单数 ”表示泛指时通常是在谈论发明物和科技问题，而“the 表人的形容词或表国籍的形容词(以sh 或ch 结尾的)”表示泛指时是指“某一类人和全体某国人”。Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是谁发明了电话吗？Her job was to take ca
9、re of the wounded. 她的工作就是照顾伤员。The British are very proud of their sense of humor. 英国人为自己的幽默感而自豪。规则 7：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部分。We caught him by the arm. 我们抓住了他的胳膊。He patted me on the back. 他轻轻地拍了拍我的背。规则 8：另外，独一无二的名词、江河湖海(山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡)等地理名词、形容词和副词最高级及某些含有普通名词的专有名词(国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等)前要用定冠词。He looked up at
10、 the stars in the sky. 他抬头看了看天上的星星。Of the four of us, I sang the worst. 我们 4 个当中，我唱得最差。The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea. 黄河流入渤海。We visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天我们参观了长城。规则 9：用在习惯语中。in the end, on the whole, by the way三、零冠词 (即不用冠词)规则 1：物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词，泛指总称时不用冠词。Wealth does not always
11、bring happiness. 财富不总是会带来幸福。I love music, while my brother likes art. 我喜欢音乐，而我兄弟却爱好艺术。规则 2：class, school, church, college, university, hospital, prison, court, bed, table 等名词，当我们取它们的功能意义作某一目的用时，不加冠词；如果这些名词表示“场所”时，要加冠词。He left school at the age of 18. 他 18 岁学校毕业。They live near a school. 他们靠一所学校居住。Par
12、ents should tell children to behave well at table. 父母应教育孩子注意餐桌礼仪。A bowl fell off the table. 一只碗从桌子上掉了下来。规则 3: society 表示“我们居住的社会”时， space 表示“星球间的距离即太空”时， nature 表示“大自然”时， most 表示“大多数”， man 表示“人类”，word 表示“消息”时都不用冠词。Racism exists at all levels of society.种族主义存在于社会各阶层。规则 4：“kind of 名词”中的名词不用冠词，类似的名词还有：
13、type, sort, species。Todays vehicles use two kinds of fuel petrol and diesel.如今的车辆使用两种燃料汽油和柴油。Hes a fine type of Chinese gentleman. 他是中国绅士的典范。规则 5: 在动词 turn 之后作表语的名词前不用冠词。在 as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他在成为作家以前一直是老师。Quiet student as he may be, he talks
14、a lot about his favorite singers after class.虽然他是个安静的学生，下课后他经常谈论他特别喜欢的歌星。 规则 6：三餐，球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。play football 踢足球play chess 下国际象棋规则 7：表示职位、身份、头衔和季节、年份、日期的名词前不用冠词。President was holding the meeting. 董事长在主持会议。Spring is at hand. 春天即将来临。规则 8：多数街名、广场名、车站、机场、公园、桥梁名、大学名、节日名、杂志名前不用冠词。Time Square 时代广场St. V
15、alentines Day 情人节Readers Digest 读者文摘规则 9：一些惯用成语中常使用零冠词。at table 在吃饭on purpose 故意的by letter/mail/telephone/land/sea 通过书信/邮件/电话/陆路/海路第 2 讲 冠词（考点突破）( ) 1. If I were in _ position of the mayor, I wouldnt allow _ factory like this standing on the bank of the Yangtze River.(2010重庆高三模拟)A. a; the B. the；/C.
16、 the; a D. /; the( ) 2. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _ higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _ time, for 7 years. (2010江苏宁海外国语学校高三月考)A. a; a B. /; theC. the; a D. /; /【解析】1. C 第一空后的 position 后有限定语，表示特指，所以用定冠词；第二空后的 factory为可数名词，且表示泛指，所以加不定冠词。2. A education 为不可数名词，
17、但前面有修饰语，具体化了，加定冠词； at a time 为固定搭配，表示“一次”。( ) 3. There is _ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by _ water. (2011云南昆明一中高三月考)A. a; / B. a; theC. the; the D. the; /( ) 4. Excuse me, where can I get _ application form? Go to _ Window 10, please. (2010北京市重点中学高三考前预测)A. an; / B. an; the
18、C. /; / D. the; the【解析】3. A 第一空泛指一座庙，用不定冠词；by water 意为“坐船”，相当于 by ship，不加冠词，类似的还有 by bus/by sea/by air。4. A 第一空后的 form 为可数名词，且表示泛指，用不定冠词；第二空的名词后有数词，不加冠词。( ) 5. It is reported that a car went out of _ control on a high way _ north of Tangshan and three people got killed. (2010河北唐山一中高考模拟)A. the; the B
19、. /; theC. the; / D. /; /( ) 6. Department of Homeland Security and CIA produced _ joint report on Monday warning that _ next 911 could in fact occur on _ different date. (2011河南郑州四中高三调考)A. the; a; the B. a; the; aC. the; the; a D. a; /; the【解析】5. D out of control 为固定搭配，意为 “失去控制”。表示方位的名词前没有介词，不加冠词。6
20、. B a joint report 一份联合报告；第一和第三空后都跟的是可数名词，且表示泛指，故加不定冠词；第二空后的名词是特指，用定冠词。( ) 7. What _ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games! But I still support him. After all, he is in poor health.(2011江苏白塔高级中学高三月考)A. /; the B. a; theC. the; / D. the; the【解析】7. B 句中 disappoin
21、tment 已具体化，故第一空用不定冠词，表示“一件令人失望的事”；根据句意，北京奥运会为特指名词，故第二空用定冠词。( ) 8. When the ship was on _ point of sinking, people on _ board rushed to the bank. (2011四川成都市三校高三联考)A. the; / B. a; aC. the; the D. /; the( ) 9. With its rising economy in China, _ car is becoming _ common means of transportation. (2011浙江
22、衢州市杜泽中学高三第一次模拟)A. a; the B. /; aC. the; a D. the; the【解析】8. A on the point of 为固定短语，意为“就要的时候”；on board 也是固定短语，意为“在飞机上、船上、车上”。9. C “定冠词可数名词”表示一类；a common means of transportation 一种普遍的交通方式； means 这里为单数形式。( )10. Do you know your cousin plays _ piano all day even on the National Day? I know he wants to
23、be _ Lang Lang.(2011四川成都七中学情检测)A. the; the B. the; aC. /; a D. /; the ( )11. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. (2011福建福州三中高三月考)A. /; an; the B. the; an; theC. a; the; / D. a; the; the【解析】10. B 在西洋乐器名称前用定冠词；第二空后的 Lang Lang 为专有名词，用
24、不定冠词表示类似的一个或某一个，意为“他想成为像郎朗一样的人”。11. C 第一空后的 family 为可数名词且表示泛指，用不定冠词。ability 后有不定式短语限定，为特指，用定冠词；第三空后的 others 为泛指，不加冠词。( )12. Mr. White, who comes from _ European country, has formed _ habit of attending _ church on Sundays.(2010浙江杭州西湖高级中学高三月考)A. an; /; the B. a; the; /C. an; the; / D. a; a; a( )13. O
25、n April 14th, residents of Chinas remote Yushu County, located on _ Tibetan plateau, were awoken by _ strong earthquake. (2010江苏南京一中高三模拟)A. the; the B. a; theC. a; / D. the; a 【解析】12. B a European country 一个欧洲国家；第二空后的 habit 后有限定语，为特指，用定冠词；attend church 为固定短语，意为“去做礼拜”。13. D the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原，在
26、地理名词前用定冠词；a strong earthquake 一次强地震。( )14. Ive heard that most schools have banned _ junk food and brought out new menus. “Thats cool”， said Andrew, _ 11th grader. (2010江苏宿迁市高三模拟)A. /; an B. /; theC. the; a D. the; / ( )15. The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for
27、 speeding. (2010江苏建湖二中高三模拟)A. a; / B. a; theC. the; the D. /; /【解析】14. A 第一空后 food 为不可数名词，且表示泛指，故用零冠词；第二空用不定冠词，相当于 one，意为“一个 11 年级的学生”。15. A at a loss 为固定短语，意为“不知所措”；word 此处意为“消息”，其前不用冠词。( )16. Did Susanna visit you again _ next year? No, it was almost ten years before she came to see me _ second ti
28、me.(2010江苏省泰州/南通市高三模拟)A. the; a B. the; /C. a; the D. a; a( )17. Hunger is _ number one global health risk, so the WFP has organized a lot of programmes, which targets people most at _ risk. (2010江苏盐城中学高三期中考试)A. the; / B. a; / C. the; the D. a; a【解析】16. A 第一空后的名词为双方都知道的事物，特指，用定冠词；“a序数词”表示“又一个，再一个”。1
29、7. A 第一空用定冠词，特指“第一位的威胁”；at risk 为固定短语，表示“处于危险中”。( )18. In recent years, _ problem of global warming has become very serious. Thats right. People are facing _ diversity of natural disasters now.(2010江苏南京十三中高三考前模拟)A. /; a B. a; theC. the; a D. a; a 【解析】18. C 第一空用定冠词，特指“全球变暖的问题”；a diversity of 为固定搭配，意为
30、“多样化的”。( )19. In recent years, _ piracy (海盗行为 ) in Somali is becoming _ concern for all countries.(2010江苏新海高级中学高三月考)A. the; the B. the; aC. /; D. the; /( )20. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger. A. a; the B. a; 不填C. 不填； the D. 不填； 不填【解析】19. B piracy 后有后置定语，特指，用定冠词；conc
31、ern 在此表示具体的含义，“令人担心的事”，前用不定冠词修饰。20. B success 指“成功”，为可数名词；out of danger(脱离危险)为习语，不用冠词。( )21. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _. A. on the Sunday B. on a SundayC. on Sunday D. at a Sunday( )22. As is known to us all, _ tiger is in _ danger of becoming extinct. A. the; a B. the; 不填C.
32、 a；不填 D. 不填； the【解析】21. B Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个星期天”。22. B 当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；in danger of 是固定短语，不用冠词。( )23. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _ work. A. the; 不填 B. 不填； 不填C. the; a D. an; the( )24. The education of _ young is always _ hot and seriou
33、s topic. A. 不填； 不填 B. the; aC. 不填； the D. the; 不填【解析】23. B unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，其前均不用冠词。24. B the young 意为“年轻人 ”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。( )25. I often have conversations with John over _ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by _ letter. A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the；不填 D. the; a【解析】25. C over / on the telephone 为习语，意为“电话”；若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter(信件)也不用冠词。
