1、三、配对1 Economic globalization（经济全球化） : the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2 Barter（易物） system: Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products
2、and services without the medium of money.3 Global village（地球村）: All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4 Melting pot（大熔炉）: a socio-cultural assimilation（同化） of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.5
3、Cultural Diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures（文化的混合） and sub-cultures（亚文化） to which members belong. 6 Intercultural communication（跨文化交际）: communication between people whose cultural perceptions（文化的看法，文化的理念） and symbol systems（符号系统） are
4、distinct（截然不同） enough to alter the communication event.7 Culture: a learned（习得） set of shared interpretations（理解） about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.8 Enculturation（文化习得）: all the activities of learning ones culture are called enculturat
5、ion.9 Acculturation（文化适应）: the process which adopts（采用） the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity（相似性） between the two cultures.10 Communication: to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.11
6、 Ethnocentrism（民族中心主义、民族优越感）: the belief that your own cultural background is superior（优越的）.12 Source（信息源）：The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.13 Encoding（编码）： Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communicatio
7、n is in the form of a symbol （符号）representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. （把你的思想转化成一个符号的过程）14 Message：The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.15 Channel（渠
8、道）：The term channel is used technically to refer to the means（手段、方式） by which the encoded message is transmitted（传播）. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.16 Noise（干扰）：The term noise technically refers to anything that
9、distorts （歪曲、扭曲）the message the source encodes.17 Receiver（信息接收者）：The receiver is the person who attends to（听取） the message.18 Decoding（解码）：Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning mea
10、ning to the symbols received.19 Receiver response(接受这反映) ：The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to（听取） and decoded（解码） the message.20 Feedback（反馈）： Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response o
11、f which the source has knowledge（知道） and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.21 Context（语境）：The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.22 Pragmatics（
12、语用学）: the study of the effect （效果）that language has on human perceptions and behavior. 23 Semantics(语义学): the study of the meaning of words.24 Denotation(本意): the literal（字面上的） meaning or definition of a word - the explicit, particular, defined meaning. 25 Connotation（隐意）: the suggestive（隐含的） meanin
13、g of a word - all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.26 Taboo（禁忌）: some objects, words or actions that are avoided（避免的）by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religi
14、ous or social reasons. 27 Euphemism（委婉语）: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh（严厉的） , blunt, or offensive.28 Chronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time. 29 Monochronic time(单一时间制 ): paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.30 P
15、olychronic time（多元时间制）: being involved with many things at once.31 Proxemics（空间学） : the perception and use of space.32 Kinetics: the study of body language33 Paralanguage（副语言）: involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication. 34 A planetary culture（行星文化）: integrates （融合）eastern mysticism （东方神秘主义）with western science（西方科学主义） and rationalism.35 Intercultural person（跨文化人）: represents someone whose cognitive（认知的）, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters（心理界限） of his or her own culture.
