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类型需求层次理论.doc

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    1、需求层次理论.txt 丶喜欢的歌,静静的听,喜欢的人,远远的看我笑了当初你不挺傲的吗现在您这是又玩哪出呢?马斯洛理论把需求分成生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求、和自我实现需求五类,依次由较低层次到较高层次排列。各层次需要的基本含义如下:(1)生理上的需要这是人类维持自身生存的最基本要求,包括对以下事物的需求: 呼吸 水 食物 睡眠 生理平衡 分泌 性 如果这些需要(除性以外)任何一项得不到满足,人类个人的生理机能就无法正常运转。换而言之,人类的生命就会因此受到威胁。在这个意义上说,生理需要是推动人们行动最首要的动力。马斯洛认为,只有这些最基本的需要满足到维持生存所必需的程度后,其他的需要

    2、才能成为新的激励因素,而到了此时,这些已相对满足的需要也就不再成为激励因素了。 (2)安全上的需要这是人类要求对以下事物的需求: 人身安全 健康保障 资源所有性 财产所有性 道德保障 工作职位保障 家庭安全 马斯洛认为,整个有机体是一个追求安全的机制,人的感受器官、效应器官、智能和其他能量主要是寻求安全的工具,甚至可以把科学和人生观都看成是满足安全需要的一部分。当然,当这种需要一旦相对满足后,也就不再成为激励因素了。(3)情感和归属的需要这一层次包括对以下事物的需求: 友情 爱情 性亲密 人人都希望得到相互的关系和照顾。感情上的需要比生理上的需要来的细致,它和一个人的生理特性、经历、教育、宗教

    3、信仰都有关系。 (4)尊重的需要该层次包括对以下事物的需求: 自我尊重 信心 成就 对他人尊重 被他人尊重 人人都希望自己有稳定的社会地位,要求个人的能力和成就得到社会的承认。尊重的需要又可分为内部尊重和外部尊重。内部尊重是指一个人希望在各种不同情境中有实力、能胜任、充满信心、能独立自主。总之,内部尊重就是人的自尊。外部尊重是指一个人希望有地位、有威信,受到别人的尊重、信赖和高度评价。马斯洛认为,尊重需要得到满足,能使人对自己充满信心,对社会满腔热情,体验到自己活着的用处和价值。 (5)自我实现的需要该层次包括对以下事物的需求: 道德 创造力 自觉性 问题解决能力 公正度 接受现实能力 这是最

    4、高层次的需要,它是指实现个人理想、抱负,发挥个人的能力到最大程度,达到自我实现境界的人,接受自己也接受他人,解决问题能力增强,自觉性提高,善于独立处事,要求不受打扰地独处,完成与自己的能力相称的一切事情的需要。也就是说,人必须干称职的工作,这样才会使他们感到最大的快乐。马斯洛提出,为满足自我实现需要所采取的途径是因人而异的。自我实现的需要是在努力实现自己的潜力,使自己越来越成为自己所期望的人物。Maslow needs into the physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect for the needs, and s

    5、elf-actualization needs five, followed by the lower level to higher level order. The basic needs of all levels have the following meanings: (1) physiological needs This is the most basic of human requirements to maintain their own survival, including the needs of the following things: Breathing Wate

    6、r Food Sleep Physiological balance Secretion Of If these needs (other than sex) are not met any of the human physiology of individuals can not function properly. In other words, human life would be so threatened. In this sense, the physical needs first and foremost is to promote the movement of peop

    7、le power. Maslow believed that only the most basic needs met to the extent necessary to survive, the other needs to become the new incentives, but by this time, they have to meet the needs of the relative incentive will no longer be a . (2) safety needs This is something the human needs of the follo

    8、wing requirements: Personal safety Health protection All of the resources All of the property Moral Insurance Job security Family Safety Maslow believes that the pursuit of the whole organism is a security mechanism, the human receptors, effects organs, intelligence, and other power tools seek secur

    9、ity primarily, or even both of science and philosophy of life is to meet the security needs as a part of. Of course, when this need once relatively satisfied, will no longer be a motivating factor. (3) emotional and need to belong This level includes the needs of the following things: Friendly Love

    10、Sexual intimacy Everyone wants to have relations with each other and care. Emotional than the physical needs of the detailed needs it and a persons physiological characteristics, experience, education, religion has a relationship. (4) esteem needs The level of demand include the following things: Se

    11、lf-respect Confidence Achievements Respect for others Respected by others Everyone wants to have a stable social status, personal ability and achievement requires social recognition. Respect to respect the needs can be divided into internal and external respect. Respect is an internal one wants in a

    12、 variety of different contexts are strong, competent, confident, able to independence. In short, the internal self-respect is the human. External refers to a person want to respect the rank, prestige, respect by others, trust, and highly valued. Maslow believed that respect needs are met, people can

    13、 have confidence in the community enthusiasm and experience to their usefulness and value of living. (5) self-actualization needs The level of demand include the following things: Moral Creativity Consciousness Problem-solving ability Fairness Ability to accept the reality This is the highest level

    14、of need, it is to achieve personal goals, ambitions, their personal capacity to the maximum extent, to the realm of human self-realization, acceptance of others to accept themselves, problem-solving capacity enhancement, self-awareness to improve, good act independently, requires uninterrupted solit

    15、ude, commensurate with their ability to complete and all the things needed. In other words, people must be dry competent work, as this will make them feel the greatest joy. Maslow proposed that in order to meet the needs of self-realization approach is taken by the individual. Self-actualization needs are to achieve their potential, to make themselves more and be what people expect.

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