1、第一章第一节 句子基本结构、句子成分Presentation. 简单句（Simple sentence）: 回忆简单句的五种基本句型课程标题 句子基本结构、句子成分教学目标1. 掌握句子结构的三大类型：简单句、并列句和复合句2. 掌握词性与句子成分之间的对应关系3. 了解句子结构在高中英语题型中的体现教学内容1. 简单句的五种句型2. 并列句和复合句3. 词性与句子成分的对应4. 听音乐，分析歌词的句子结构5. 课堂练习课后作业1. 句子结构分析2. 四篇选词填空简单句的五种句型. 并列句 (Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？定义：并列句是由并列连词把两
2、个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+ 简单句”。常见的并列连词有 and, but, or ,so, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror等： 用横线划出下列并列的句子及并列连词：e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。Have another try, and maybe you will win the free tickets to Italy. 我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。 （中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small,
3、but theirs is big and modern. 小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase! Jack 在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship ） 。 （中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。 （中译英）He not only knows her, but also they are good friends. Tom
4、既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。 （中译英）Tom neither has long hairs, nor does he wear jeans.1. 知识拓展：用 and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。e.g. He often goes to the museum as well as (he often goes) to the concert.We must study English and they (must study) German.I dont know, nor does she (know). 不少并列连词具有对
5、称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not onlybut also, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and also because there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dres
6、s and a borrowed（借来的） mans coat screamed when she saw me and came (come) running madly. （14 年高考一模语法填空题）. 复合句 (Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1. 定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。e.g. If I have time tomorrow, I will go shopping with you.I cant go to see the film because Im quite busy
7、.The roast beef cooked by Mum seems so attractive that my mouth is watering.2. 复合句的分类：宾语从句，状语从句和定语从句。A 宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。常见的连词有：that, if/whether, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how 等。 找出下列句子中的主句和从句：e.g. 我真的不知道这座桥什么时候能竣工。I really dont know when the bridge will be finished.妈妈告诉那位男孩太阳是
8、从东方升起的。The mother told the boy that the sun rises in the east.B 状语从句：可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的和让步等状语从句， 找出句子中的主句和从句：e.g. 那些日子我是如此的忙，以至于几乎没有时间去跟朋友玩。I was so busy with my school work that I had little time to play with my friends in those days. 尽管他很年轻，但懂的却很多。Though he is young, he knows a lot.睡觉之前你会刷牙吗？
9、Do you brush your teeth before you go to bed?除非你快点，不然你会错过火车。You will miss the train unless you hurry up.为了赶上第一趟公交车，我们出发的较早。We started early in order that (so that) we could catch the first bus.我没去，因为我害怕。I didnt go, because I am afraid. C 定语从句：由关系代词 who, that, which 引导的限制性定语从句。 找出句子中的主句和从句：e.g. 这位就是照
10、顾 Tom 的阿姨。This is the aunt who looks after Tom.他是现在活着的最伟大的作家之一。He is one of the greatest writers who are living now. 这就是你想要的书。This is the book which you want.坐落在教堂附近的大楼是我们的学校。The building which stands near the church is our school.她是在会议上唯一支持我的人。She is the only person that supports me at the meeting.
11、词性与句子成分的对应 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：指出下列句中划线部分的词性During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To s
12、wim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running
13、every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： 指出下列句中划线部分的词性：Our teacher of Englis
14、h is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位
15、于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 指出下列句中划线部分的词性：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I t
16、hink（that ） he is fit for his office. 宾语种类 ：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） ，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） ，例如：They elected him their monitor. 补足语：用来补充说明主语或宾语用的。宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补） 。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： 指出下列句中划线部分的词性：H
17、is father named him Dongming.）They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 指出下列句中划线
18、部分的词性：Guilin is a beautiful city.There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示 指出下列句中划线部分的词性：Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years.Once you begin, you must continue. 指出下列划线
19、部分的状语种类：How about meeting again at six? Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very har
20、d though she is old. I am taller than he is. 判断划线部分的句子成分：Frankly, hed like to listen to music. Here you should speak frankly. He came back, hungry and tired. Focused Practice (1)指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question afte
21、r class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scient
22、ist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It
23、is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet. Listen to Mariah Careys Without You and try to analysis the sentence structure of the lyric.No I cant forget this eveningor your face as you were leavingBut I guess thats just the waythe
24、 story goesYou always smile but in your eyesyou sorrow showsYes it showsNo I cant forget tomorrowwhen I think of all my sorrowWhen I had you there but then I let you goAnd now its only fairthat I should let you knowwhat you should knowI cant live if living is without youI cant live I cant give anymo
25、reI cant live if living is without youI cant live I cant give anymoreWell I cant forget this eveningor your face as you were leavingBut I guess thats just the waythe story goesYou always smile but in your eyesyou sorrow showsYes it showsI cant live if living is without youI cant live I cant give any
26、moreI cant live if living is without youI cant live if living is without youI cant live I cant give anymoreI cant liveFocused Practice(2). Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.(A)A. food B. becau
27、se C. regularly D. asleep E. improve F. change G. concentrate H. coffee I. enough J. maintain K. linkThere are many things you can do to your memory, such as using various memorizing methods as well as taking special care of your health.It is important that you stimulate your brain to make your memo
28、ry more efficient. For example, you can do activities that you do not usually do and your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain develop. When trying to memorize something, you should focus your attention and concentrate on the most important things about it. Do not allow other thoughts
29、 to enter your mind this will lower your chances of remembering things accurately.An excellent way to help memory is to information with pictures. Try to see the images in your mind. Taking notes, being organized and keeping a diary will also be useful tools.Healthy and plenty of vitamins（维他命） are e
30、ssential for your memory to work properly. Drinking a lot of water also helps maintain your memory. You must allow your brain to have sleep and rest too. When you are , your brain stores memory. Not enough sleep can, therefore, cause problems with storing information. In addition, being tired will s
31、top you from being able to concentrate well. Caffeine in tea and is very good at preventing sleepiness and helping concentration, but some people believe they may cause problems with memory.In order to well, you must be relaxed. Generally keeping fit and having regular health checks are both importa
32、nt as well, and not just for improving your memory.(B)A. write B. spend C. similar D. exactly E. hardly F. cooks G. tell H. different I. answer J. make K. robotIt was another usual day at school. My parents still ask me to go to the school building, even though half the students in my class are ever
33、 there at all. They prefer to use computers at home to watch and listen to our teacher, and then send their homework in by e-mail. My parents have ideas they think it is good for me to spend more time with friends of a age. I suppose they are right, but I also wish I could more time with my robot, a
34、s well.It was raining today, so I was very happy that Mr. Right, the house , was waiting to take me home. Mr. Right always takes me to school in the morning and picks me up in the afternoon. It is fun to sit on his back while he flies to the flat where we live. I cannot imagine travelling any other
35、way.Mr. Right does so many other things, as well. He cleans the house, washes and dries clothes, and a wonderful dinner as he can tell what temperature the food is and knows when meat or vegetables are perfectly cooked. He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can whether there
36、is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found.One thing I really like about Mr. Right is that his brain has a connection to the Internet, so he can any of my questions in just a few seconds. Another great thing is that when my pare
37、nts are not at home, he makes me happy. He knows millions of jokes and lots of funny stories. I am so happy he is part of my life.Today my homework is to an article about which piece of technology has made my life different. I think you can guess what I will write about. I should go and start my hom
38、ework.(C)A. change B. result C. many D. likely E. travel F. Luckily G. endedH. Unfortunately I. terrible J. completely K. mistaken If you live in Tornado (龙卷风) area, you keep a close eye on the sky. This part of the mid-western United States has as as 300 tornadoes blowing through it every year. Loc
39、al people know that a “twister（旋风） ” may be only a hop, skip, and a jump away. Twisters are tornadoes, and tornadoes are trouble for people living there.A tornado is wind caused by a thunderstorm (雷雨). Tornadoes are the most winds on Earth. They can travel up to 300 miles an hour. At that high speed
40、, they damage almost anything. As they move, tornadoes turn round quickly in a twisting movement. They direction without warning.Once youve seen a tornado, youre not to forget it. It has a unique（独特的）appearance. Take an ice cream cone, turn it upside down, and youve got a model for a tornado. The so
41、und is also hard to be . Everything becomes silent. Even the insects stop buzzing. It seems the tornado take in all of the sound from the air. Suddenly it shouts it all back out in a roar, like a train running out of control.But sometimes the cant be predicted. Have you ever seen the film The wizard
42、 of Oz（绿野仙踪）? Remember the scene when Dorothys house flies? A tornado once carried a house through the air for two miles. Another twister lifted a china cabinet（橱柜）and dropped it back to Earth some miles away. No dish was broken. Once, a tornado swept a child and her pony into the air. Her mother fo
43、und her half a mile away, still sitting on the pony. , neither the girl nor her pony was seriously hurt.These stories happily. Most tornado stories dont. These terrible windstorms usually bring sadness, death and even disasters. In 1955, a tornado killed 34 people in one town. Three thousand buildin
44、gs, including five schools, were damaged.Luckily, tornadoes seldom last more than an hour. Most only at about 20 miles per hour. They are almost always less than a few hundred yards wide. Thats a good thing for us! If twisters were any worse than they are, tornado area would be a tornado wastelandHo
45、me Assignment.找出句子的各项成分1.两天后，女孩发现自己在一间黑屋中，开始大声求助。Two days later, the girl found herself in a dark room and started to cry for help.2.他到达了一个小村庄，看到一座古屋，满怀兴趣地走进去了。He arrived at a small village, saw an old house and entered it with great interest.3.无论你去哪里，都要努力工作。Wherever you go, you should work hard.4.既
46、然你生病了，我就一个人去。Since you are ill, I will go alone.5.他们早早出发，为了能按时到达机场。They set out early in order that they could arrive at the airport on time. 6.他一定会来我们的晚会，除非他有些急事要做。He is sure to come to our party unless he has some urgent work to do.7.虽然天在下雨，他们仍在田间干活。Although its raining, they are still working in
47、the field.8.他起床很早，从而赶上了头班汽车。He got up so early that he caught the first bus.9.他来时我将把此事告诉他。I will tell him about it when he comes.10.如果你告诉我出了什么问题，我就能帮助你。I can help you if you tell me whats wrong. Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that
48、there is one more word than you need.(A)A. music B. leaving C. ability D. relieve E. took F. increased G. nearlyH. scientific I. doing J. have K. influenceMusic not only gives you something to sing and dance to, but also can make you feel happier. Scientists say that music can help to relax peoples
49、mind and even help to pain. How does music work its magic? It is the fact that music can adjust(调节) our mood. Recently, there is a research to back up what we have always known about music. The studies have shown that when people are excited or happy they are more helpful. The opposite(相反的情况) happens when people feel aggressive (好斗的) or under stress. The use of can influence ho
