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类型高考英语复习-名词从句和定语从句.docx

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    高考英语复习-名词从句和定语从句.docx
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    1、名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句:在句子中充当主语主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。Whoever comes is welcome.1 that 引导主语从句。that 引导主语从句时,仅起连接作用,不作任何成份,不能省略。有时为了保持句子平衡,把 that 从句后置,由形式主语 it 来代替。That she was chosen made us very happy.It made us very happy that she was chosen.it 作形式主语,有几种固定句型:(1 ) It + be + adj. + that - clauseIt

    2、is natural / strange / important / necessary that.很自然奇怪的是重要的是必要的是从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.(2 ) It + be + n. + that - clauseIt is a fact that . 事实是It is an honour that. 非常荣幸It is common knowlege that. 是常识It is a pity that. 很遗憾(3 ) It + be + 过去分词 + that

    3、 - clauseIt is reported that.据报道It is believed that. 据相信It has been proved that. 已证实It is said that. 据说特别提示在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中,that 从句中的谓语动词用( should)+ 动词原形。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.(4 ) It + seem / happen 等不及物动词 + that - clauseIt seems / seemed that. 似乎 It h

    4、appens / happened that. 碰巧It appears that. 好像It seems that he is wrong.2 whether 引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用 whether,置于句尾时,可换用ifWhether he will come is not clear.It is not clear whether / it he will come.3 wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。有时也可用 it 作形式主语,而把 wh - 从句后置。What we need is more time.It is more time what we need.Why

    5、 he did this is not known.It is not known why he did this.4 whatever,whoever ,whomever,whenever ,wherever 等引导主语从句。Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.表语从句位于系动词 be,lookremain,seem 等连系动词后充当表语的从名也叫表语从句。1 that 引导表语从句:that 不作任何成份,只起连接作用,

    6、不能省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.The fact is that he is lying.2 whether 引导表语从句,这时不能换用 if。The question is whether people will buy it.3疑问词引导表语从句The pencil is where is was.The problem was how we could find him.as if,as though 引导表语从句He looks as if he were angry.宾语从句:在句子中充当宾语that 引导的宾语从句:th

    7、at 在从句中没有任何意义,不充当任何成份,可省略。I know (that) you have met him.Lets suppose (that) one day this happens to you.He told me that he was wrong.在动词 think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine 等后 is 的宾语从句中的否定词前移。 (主句的主语须是第一人称)I dont think you arc right.2 wh - 疑问词引导的宾语从句。Tell me what you wantDo you know who will come

    8、at the meeting?误区警示whose,which,what 三个词都带有形容词性质:whose “谁的” ,which “哪一个” ,what“什么” 。which 是有一定的范围的。what - 般没有什么特定的范围。I dont know which food you want.I dont know what he wants.3如果宾语从句还有自己的补语,应用 it 作形式宾语,而把从句后置。这样的动词有 make,believe,find,feel,consider ,think 等。We think it strange that Tom dont go to scho

    9、ol yesterday4可以用 whatever,whoever ,whomever,whenever ,wherever 等引导宾语从句。Please write down whatever he is satying.I dont know whoever will come.同位语从句:在句中充当同位语。1 that 引导同位语从句。在下列名词后可用 that 引导同位语从句:answer ,belief, doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,news,opinion,plan,suggestion,thought,truth

    10、等。l had no idea that you were here.The story goes that William killed his wife.误区警示同位语从句引导词无意义,不充当成份,不可省略。同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词应为同一内容。同位语从旬前一般没有逗号。2在 no idea 后可用 wh - 疑问词引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea what he said.辨析比较:(1 ) that 引导定从句和 that 引导同位从句的区别:that 引导的定语从句是对先行词加以修饰限制,that 在

    11、定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;而同位语从句是说明名词中心词的具体内容,that 在同位语从句中不作任何成份,只起连接作用。He told me the news that our team won.(that 引导同位语从句)He told me the news that(which) was very exciting.(that 引导定语从句在从句中作主语)We are interested the news that some foreigners will visit our school.(同位语从句)We are interested in the news that he to

    12、ld us.(定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语)(2 ) whether 与 if 在名词性从句中的用法区别:whether 和 if 表示“是否”之意,引导宾语从句时,二者可换用。He asked if he would come.He asked whether he would come.连词 whether 引导主语从句、表语从句时,不可换用 if。Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.The question is whether he will come.宾语从句中,whether 常与 or not 搭配,if 则不可以

    13、。I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting.whether 可用在介词后,或带 to 的不定式前,if 则不可。Im not sure of whether it will rain or not.I have no idea whether to go there by bus.某些动词(如 discuss)后面只能用 whether,不用 if。We discusses whether we should make a change in our plan.3动词 doubt 后跟宾语从句时,在肯定句中用 whether或

    14、 if 引导宾语从句。在否定句、疑问句中用 that 引导宾语从句。that you had turned a deaf ear to your mothers advice.我认为你失败的原因是你不听你母亲的忠告。注意:在“the reason why sBdoes sth. is that - 从句”的结构中,that 不能换成 because。基本能力训练单项选择从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。1 hope _ happy whiIe you are hereAyou to be Bfor your beingC you will be Dyou being

    15、2 You will realize _ break the law will be punished.Athat those who Bthat those thatC whoever Dthose whoever3I misspelt a word here in the sentence.Well, thats _you were mistaken. ( )Awhen B whatC where D why4It was 3 oclock _ we arrived at the village.Oh, it was also at 3 oclock _ we arrived at the

    16、 village.Awhen;when Bwhen;thatC that;that Dthat;when5 _ air is to us is _ water is to fish.AThat;that BWhat;thatC That;what DWhat;what6 Can you make sure _ the gold ring?Awhere Alice had putBwhere had Alice had putC where has Alice putDwhere Alice has put7 _ he said at the meeting astonished everybo

    17、dy present.AWhat B ThatC The fact DThe matter8 I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.Awhen B howC where D what9Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do. He came by car.Ahow B whenC that Dif10 Mother made a promise _ I passed the final exam she would buy me a computer.Aif B that whetherC whethe1 Dt

    18、hat if11 _ you like him or not is none of our business.AIf B WhatC Whether DThat12 _ he looked after the old man year after ye moved us deeply.AThat BWhenC Why DWhat13 _ we will go outing depends on _ it will be fine day tomorrow.AIf ,whether BWhether ,ifC Whether,whether DIf,if14 _ surprised us ver

    19、y much that he had passed the driving test.AWhat B ThisC It DThat15 Go and get your school bag, Tom. its _ you left it.Athere B whereC where them Dthere where16 It looked _ it was going to snow again.Aas if Beven ifC if Das17 Lei Feng was always thinking of _ he could help others.Athat B howC when D

    20、which18 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party:Aleft;had arrived Bleft;arrivedC had left;had arrived Dhad left;arrived19 The question is _ you should do nextAwhat B thatC how Dwhy20 I know nothing about her but _ she is from Canada.Ahow B whenC that Dwhy21 It depends o

    21、n _ we have enough time.Aif B if or notC that Dwhether22 _ they dont like us is very clear.AWhat B ThatC which D where23. the green typewriter is mine.Do you know whose typewriter _ ?Ais this blue one Bthis blue oneC is this blue Dthis blue one is24 The reason _ nothing on earth is motionless is the

    22、 earth is in constant motion.Awhy;that Bthat;whyC of;that Dthat;because25 I still remember the promise _ he made _ he would give mc a gift for my birthday.Awhat,that Bthat,thatC that,which Dwhich, which26 I had no idea _ she has gone.Ahow B whatC when Dwhere27 The factory _ I worked ten years ago is

    23、 in the cast of the city.Ahow B whatC which D where28 The place _ interested me most was the Chidrens Palace.Awhich Bin whichC what Dwhere29 I have no idea _ he will come back from work.Awhere BthatC when Dwhich30 I will never forget the day _ I first came to the college.Aon which BwhichC in which D

    24、that31 Well remember the day for ever _ we got married.Awhen B whichC that Din which32 The girl makes full use of the time _ she can spare.A when B thatC on which Din which33 We had no idea _ Li Hong didnt come to school today.Athat B whichC why Dfor which34 Please give me your reason _ you werent h

    25、ere yesterday.Athat B whichC why Dfor that35 Is that the reason _ you cant tell us?Afor which BwhyC that Dwhat36 These photographs will show you _ .Awhat our village looks like.Bwhat does our village look likeC how our village looks like.Dhow does our village look like.37 _ is to practice using Engl

    26、ish often.AThat you should do.BWhich you should do.C What you should do.DWhatever should you do.38 _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.AWhat ;what BWhat; thatC That;that DThat;what39 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on theAIf B WhetherC That DWhere40 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turni

    27、ng gray.Awhile B thatC if Dwhether41 _ no one likes his idea made him very sad.AWhat B ThatC Which D How42 The reason _ he didnt come to the lecture is _ he was very ill that day.Awhy;because B that ;becauseC that;that Dwhy;that43 _ you say will be of no use now.AWhat B ThatC No matter how DWhatever

    28、44 After months of search there was little hope _ the lost boy might he found.Athat B whichC when Dhow45 _ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday.AIt says BIt is saidC It has said DHe is said46 _ we cant join in the party.AIt is a pity BThat is a pityC It is a pity that

    29、DIt is pity47 _ the headmaster is not coming to the sports meeting at all.AIt seems that B It seem thatC It seems DIt seemed48 Has it been announced _ the planet are to take off?Awhen B ifC which D what49 It is not clear _ he did it.Awho B whichC whom Dwhy50 The fact _ he did nothing _ all of us.Ath

    30、at,to surpriseBthat,surprisedC which,was surprisingDwhich,was surprprised定语从句专项复习(一)1. We should learn from those _ are always ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. they D. that2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _ in China.A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working3 . To

    31、m is the only one of the students who _ to Shanghai.A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone4. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am5. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both

    32、of they6. He is a man of great knowledge, _ much can be learned.A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom7 Do you know the man _ just now?A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.8. The man _ has gone to Japan.A. whom I told you B. that I told youC. whom I to

    33、ld you about him D. I told you about9. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of10. The radio set _ last week has been out of order.A. I bought B. I bought itC. which I bought it D. what I bought11. All the apples _ fell down from the tree were eaten up by t

    34、he pigs.A. which B. / C. that D. they12. I can tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that13. This is the biggest lab _ we have ever built in our university.A. which B. what C. that D. where14. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. wha

    35、t15. Air, _ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. that B. / C. which D. it16. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that17. This museum is _ you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one18. This is the museum _ you saw t

    36、he other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that19. It is the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived20. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when21. We oft

    37、en think of the days _ we spent together on the island.A. when B. which C. in which D. during which22. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _ I left ten years ago?A. where B. which C. that D. when23. He has left Beijing, _ a meeting is to be held.A. when B. where C. as D. which24. This is the very place

    38、_ Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which25. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which26. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. than27. Can you solve such problems _ raised by the audience?A. what were

    39、 B. as were C. that were D. which were28. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was injured.A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that29. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what30. His father died last year, _ made it impossible for him to go ab

    40、road.A. when B. which C. as D. that31. _ is natural, he married Mary.A. It B. What C. Which D. As32. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most33. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. whi

    41、ch34. He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _ had not been cleaned for years.A. these B. those C. that D. which35. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that36. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn f

    42、or help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom37. This is one of the means _ the electric energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that38. The place _ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in which B. at which C. where D. which39. Th

    43、e last river _ they crossed is two miles wide.A. where B. which C. that D. in which40. The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks _ built in the Qing Dynasty.A. where were B. where was C. that were D. which was41. The factory _ I am going to is the place _ my mother used to work many years

    44、 ago.A. where, where B. where, which C. which, where D. that, which42. Dont trust such men _ over praise you to your face.A. as B. that C. who D. which43. The professor has two sons, _ are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them B. either of them C. both of them D. both of whom44. Dont do such things _

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