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M6U1Usefulwordsandexpressions.doc

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1、1M6U1Useful words and expressions Useful words and expressionsAbstract: 1.抽象 abstract noun, an abstract idea2.深奥的 His ideas seem a little abstract.n. 摘要;摘录 make an abstract of(把-的要点摘录下来to make an abstract of a speech 将演说作一摘要 in the abstract/in theory 在理论上,就一般而言V.abstract sth. from sth 从中提取 abstract

2、metal from ore 由矿砂提炼金属abstract sb. s attention from 从 . 上转移开某人的注意 She abstracted the main points from the argument.Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. faith n. 信仰;信任;信心重点用法:have faith in sb. / sth. 对某人/ 某事有信心 lose faith in 不再信任, 对失去信心be faithful to sb. / sth. 忠实于某人/ 某事 faithful a

3、dj. 忠实的 faithfully adv. 忠实地1.信仰 That man has belief in God. 2.信任 His story is beyond belief.难以置信have belief in the masses Its my belief that我相信 to (the best )of my belief 在我看来确实相信 Believable unbelievableHaving faith in the masses is the requirement by government.相信群众是对政府的要求。Under no circumstance sha

4、ll we lost faith in the future.在任何情况下,我们都不该对未来失去信心。He always puts his faith in the future. 他对未来总是抱有信心。 1) 他对我的能力很有信心。 .2) 虽然只是一个小挫折,却让露丝对成功失去了信心。 Consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的(常与 on, upon 连用)因而引起的;由所致的the confusion consequent on the earthquake. His long illness and consequent absence put him far behin

5、d in his work.Consequently: as a result, therefore My car broke down and consequently I was late.Consequence 1. (pl.)结果, 后果 Be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of ones actions 准备承担自己行动的后果face the consequences of ones action 自食其果2. (U.) 重要性 He may be a man of consequence in his own country,

6、 but he is nobody here. Is it of any consequence to you?3. in consequence 因此, 结果 in consequence of.的结果, 因为.的缘故, 由于Consequently, this text will describe only a few of the main styles. consequently = as a result , therefore 因此 The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went bankrupt.She ov

7、erslept and, consequently, she was late. It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off. A. however B. still C. so D. consequentlyDuring the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.aim n. 目标; 目的; 瞄准 You must take aim at the fierce tiger carefully before you

8、 shoot. What is your aim in life? achieve ones aim 达到某人的目标 miss ones aim 失去目标;失败aim v. 对.瞄准;致力, 意欲, 旨在 He aimed the gun at the door. My brother aims to be a novelist. This anti-alcohol campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers. 拓展 achieve ones aim 达到目的 miss ones aim 打不中目标;达不到目的 take aim at 向瞄准with

9、 the aim of 以为目标;意在aim at 瞄准 without aim 目的的,胡乱地aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.意欲,力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.旨在;目的在于You should do your best to _ (实现你的目标) Jimmy practices playing the violin day and night and_ (意欲成为) the best violinist.这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。These measures are _ _ government costs.他没有瞄准就开枪

10、。He fired _ _. 他的人生没有目标。He has_ _ in life.3) This anti-smoking campaign mainly _ (针对) young teenagers4) The hunter _ (瞄准) the lion and fired. 5) He used to _ (力求) at accuracy. 6) He could not _ (瞄准) straight. 7) He is leading a life without _ (目标, 方向).(2009 年成都第二次诊断)The education program _ combining

11、 brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.Ato aim at Baims at Chaving aimed at Daimed atThey will start their project,_at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.Aaims Baiming Cbeing aimed Daimedaim, goal, purpose, target, object, objective 这些名

12、词均有“目标、目的”之意。aim: 从本义 “靶子” 引申而来,侧重比较具体而明确的目标,但常指短期目标。goal: 指经过考虑和选择,需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose: 普通用词,既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的,又指心中渴望要实现的目标。target: 指射击的靶,军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标。object: 强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的。objective: 与 object 基本同义,但语义更广泛,指具体或很快能达到的目的,也可指军事目标。书面用词。A typical picture at this time was full of rel

13、igioussymbols.这个时期典型的绘画充满了宗教色彩typical adj.典型的;有代表性的典例 He is a typical student who likes to ask questions.他是一个典型的爱问问题的学生。2拓展 be typical of.是特有的;是典型的 It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是他的特点运用 完成句子These are likely to _ (是典型的) the early symptoms of lung cancer._ ( 是 他 的 特 点 ) to leave the mobile phone

14、in the office. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century evident adj. 明显的;明白的 It is evident that he is not equal to the job. The purpose may not be immediately evident. evidence n. 证据,证词,根据,迹象apparent, obvious, evident, clear, plain 这些形容词均含“清楚的,明白的,明显的”之意。apparent: 强调显而易见或一想便知。

15、这个词从动词 appear 派生而来,故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。obvious: 语气较强,指极为明显,有目共睹,无需说明和论证。evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。clear: 普通用词,侧重清楚明白。plain: 普通用词,含义与 clear 很接近,可通用,但 plain 着重简单明了,不复杂 and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. adopt vt.采用;采纳;收养 Our school has adopted a new teaching method. After much deliberation, the pr

16、esident decided to adopt her suggestion. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. adoption n. 采用;采纳;收养形近词:adapt v. 使适应, 改编 adaptation n. 适应, 改编 , 改写本1) 健康而没有孩子的夫妇依法可以收养一个小孩。 2) 这部影片是为了孩子们从一本很受欢迎的小说改编而来。 Our school has _ a new teaching method to meet the requirement of the students.Aadapted Badopt

17、ed Cadjusted Dadvanced Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could possess vt. 拥有;具有;支配 The country possesses rich mineral deposits. Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well?I dont know what possessed him to drive so fast down that busy street. possess

18、较为正式,强调对目前拥有或占有的东西可以控制或支配;也用于表示具有某种才能、品质特点或性能等。own 强调所属关系。have 常用词,可指任何情况下的具有,包括物质的或精神的。Sbin possession of 某人拥有某物 Sthin the possession of sb 为某人拥有 Sthin ones possession He possesses two cars. He is in possession of two cars. Two cars are in his possession.你是怎样得到它的? Fill in the blanks with right form

19、 of the possess, own or have.1) Well _ a dinner party on for tomorrow evening. 2) She _ herself of the unclaimed goods. 3) Daisy _ a chain of restaurants though still young. 4) We all like to attend Professor Zhangs lecture because he _ great wisdom. 3Does the young man standing there _ the company?

20、No. The company is _ his father.Ain possession of;in the possession of Bhave possession of ;in the possession ofCtake possession of;in possession of Dhave possession of;in possession of4How did you _ the old valuable house? It used to be _my uncle. He left it to me in his will.Atake possession of;in

21、 possession of Btake the possession of;in the possession ofCtake possession of;in the possession of Dtake the possession of;in possession of5.Of the two paintings,Mr.Black chose the cheaper one out of _,though it was not the work of a famous painter.Apossession B technique Cadjustment DpreferenceBy

22、coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time.巧合的是,这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展by coincidence 巧合地 典例 By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.拓展 by chance 偶然;意外地( 一般不放在句首) by accident 偶然;无意中;不小心地_ (巧合的是 ), we bought the same skirt.By a strange coincidence,we happened to be travelling on the sam

23、e train.巧得出奇,我们正好坐同一列火车。By coincidence,I met the person wed been discussing the next day.真是巧了,我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。(1)It is a coincidence that.是巧合的It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.她正好在那个时候出现真是巧合。(2)What a coincidence!真巧! I wasnt expecting to see you here.真巧!我没料到会在这里

24、见到你。9_,my deskmate and I were born on the same day and same year,so we have a lot in common.ABy accident BBy chance CBy coincidence DBy adventure In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a great deal (= a good deal) 大量在这句话里用作状语,修饰动词 changed。该短语可以用作代词或副词。He smokes a great deal. Our

25、 patient is a great deal better today. a great deal of 后面要接宾语,一般接不可数名词。 A great deal of money was spent on the project.3In the late 19th, Europe changed a great deal. a great deal = a good deal 大量的; a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的; He ate _for supper yesterday. He ran _ faster than me. She is _

26、 better today. She has _ experience. I have _work to do. I was _surprised.a great deal of money / information / water1). They spent _ money on the new hospital. A. a great deal B. a great many C. a good deal of D. a large number of 2). He possesses _ books. A. plenty of B. very much C. an amount of

27、D. a great deal of 3. He spent _money on books and _his books are about space and satellite.A. A great deal of, a good many of B. a good many; a great number ofC. a large quantity of; a large amount of D. many; plenty of4. She bought _eggs yesterday, but there were _ them broken.A. two scores of; sc

28、ores of B. scores of; two scores of C. scores of; two score of D. score of; two score10We will have to work _ faster in order to complete our task on time.Aa great deal of Ba great deal Ca great many of Da great many11_work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. AMany BA great many CA

29、 great deal of DA large number of12I recognized her as soon as I met her at the airport though we hadnt seen each other for ages and she had changed_.Aa large amount Ba great many Ca great deal D. a lot of只能修饰可数名词的短语:a large / great / good number of, a good / great many, dozens of, scores of, quite

30、a few。 只能修饰不可数名词的短语:a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的短语:plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, a good supply of 。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.shadow n. 阴影,影子,荫,阴暗,暗处The tree cast it

31、s shadow on the wall. Lunar eclipse occurs when the earths shadow falls on the moon. My twin brother is my shadow every minute. Sometimes she sits alone in the shadow. The scandal cast a shadow on his career. shade, shadow 这两个名词均有“荫,荫凉处”之意。shade: 指阳光被遮挡后出现的荫凉处,如树荫等,无一定的轮廓或边界。shadow: 常指光线被物体挡住所产生的阴影、

32、影子,有明显的轮廓。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.ridiculous adj. 荒谬的,可笑的 That fat woman looked ridiculous in her tight golden dress.His aristocratic manners seemed ridiculous in this poor area. Who made this ridiculous rule? absurd, foolish, silly, ridiculous 均

33、含“不合情理的、荒唐的、可笑的、愚蠢的” 意思。absurd 普通用词,强调违背常理的荒谬。Its clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd. foolish 强调缺乏智慧和判断力。 What a foolish suggestion! silly 强调单纯、糊涂、低能。I cant stand her giggling. Shes so silly. ridiculous 强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步。 that is, the painter does not attempt to paint obje

34、cts as we see them with our eyes, attempt vt. 尝试;企图 They attempted to finish the task before July. The second question was so difficult I didnt even attempt it.He attempted to escape from the prison, but he couldnt find anybody to help him.attempt at/on sth.试图做某事 attempt to do/doing sth. 尝试做某事attemp

35、t n. 努力 ;尝试;企图 My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. make attempt on 试图夺取 make an attempt to do / doing sth 尝试做某事1) 我试图与她取得联系。 2) 他无意进行这件事情。 3The Chinese are looking forward to the first _ to land on the moon after Yang Liweis successful trip t

36、o space.Ameasure Battempt Cpurpose Ddesire4David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam,so that he could be sure of passing it at her first_.Apurpose Bdesire Cwish Dattemptattempt:正式用语,常指一次的而不是连续的尝试,往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的,常包含“ 冒险”的意义。try:一般用语,指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价;后接不定式时表示“试 图做某事”,后接动名词时表示“试着做某事”。manage

37、: “成功地做成某事”,强调结果。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面,有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实,看上去就像是照片。4on the other hand (可是)另一方面 on the other hand 常与 on the one hand 连用,但在许多情况下,会根据上下文省略 on I know this job isnt well-paid, but on the other hand I dont have

38、to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间。运用 完成句子: _ (另一方面), they wont take the jobs that dont pay much.12(2006 年浙江卷)I would like a job which pays more,but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.Ain other words Bon the other hand Cfor one thing Das a matter of factWho can predict what pa

39、inting styles there will be in the future? 谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格?predict vt.预言;预告;预测 典例 He predicted a good harvest.他预言丰收。拓展 (1)predict that.预言She predicted that he would marry a wealthy lady.她预言他会娶到一位有钱的女士。(2)be predicted to do sth.被预测做某事 Unemployment is predicted to increase to 70,000 by the end of t

40、his year预计年底失业人数会上升到 7 万。(3)It is predicted that.据预测It is predicted that the food prices will continue to go up in the next few months. 预计未来几个月食品价格还会继续上涨。Can you _ (预测天气) tomorrow? _ ( 据 预 测 ) the economy may becomebetter after September.aggressive: 有进取心的,有闯劲 A successful businessman must be aggress

41、ive.侵略的,好斗的 She isnt an aggressive person.He is too aggressive .他太盛气凌人。an aggressive foreign policy 侵略性的外交政策 an aggressive nation 侵略成性的国家an aggressor nation 侵略国 aggression 侵略 aggressor 侵略者 aggress vi.侵略flesh: The knife cut the flesh of his arm. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。I

42、must help my brother and sister because theyre my own flesh and blood.flesh and blood 亲骨肉 ones pound of flesh 致命的债务 go the way of all flesh 逝世flesh-eater n.食肉者, 食肉动物 flesh-eating eat ones own flesh 好吃懒做 in the flesh 本人;亲身appeal (1)n.呼吁;恳求 Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims.鲍勃发出了援助饥

43、民的紧急呼吁。(2)vi.有感染力;呼吁;求助;vt.将上诉The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?你对出国工作的主意感兴趣吗?The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.北京 2008 年奥运会开幕式吸引了全世界的观众。We

44、 appealed to him for help.我们向他求援。8Since they wont listen to the advice ,we have to _ force. Aappeal to Bstick to Ckeep to Dapply to(2010 年高考安徽卷)How did you like Nicks performance last night?To be honest,his singing didnt _to me much. Aappeal Bbelong Crefer Doccurcontemporary 1.当代的,现代的 contemporary l

45、iterature writersMy major was contemporary literature at college. Marlowe was contemporary with Shakespeare.马洛与莎士比亚是同时代的。2.同时代的人;同龄人 He and I were contemporaries at school.他和我是同期同学。实战演练:1.Our school has a new teaching method to meet the requirement of the students.A.adapted B.adopted C.adjusted D.ad

46、vanced2.Einsteins Theory of Relativity is so that most of us can not understand it.A. controversial B. abstract C. appropriate D. universal3.They will start their project, at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.A.aims B.aiming C.being aimed D.aimed4.No one can how the election will turn out, as there are many unknown facts.A.protect B.prepare C.prevent D.predict5. He withdrew from political life and he was soon forgotten.A.as a consequence of B.as a consequence C.as a result of D.as result6.All

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