1、Important sentences Unit 1 课文后 p10-12 的十道 paraphrase 句子，加上以下的 8 句，计 18 句1. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.2.These people have been socializing happily every
2、 working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. 3.Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of g
3、etting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4.More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee.5.The people who do
4、 the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. 6.But etiquettes solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace:
5、 seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.7It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. 8.And the real op
6、portunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matterers. Unit 2 （计 12 句） 1. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a
7、career to raise a family.2. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage.3. Its a marketing mans dream: a demographic with the anxieties of teenagers and the bank accounts of the middle-aged.4.The Single, long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ad
8、s, was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun, pity or awe. 5.The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.6.While pensioners, particularly elderly wom
9、en, make up a hefty proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. 7.In London, luxury complexes with tiny flats, gyms and easy access to urban pleasures are springing up for young and drive
10、n professionals.8.And divorced or widowed people who hook up later in life tend to have set ways and long personal histories with the requisite complications. 9.The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workf
11、orce have wreaked havoc on Europeans private lives （unit 2 para 3）10.But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever-earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, real estate develo
12、pers and ad executives alike.11.The move from cozy families to urban singledom opens new vistas for marketers. In the past, the Holy Grail for advertisers was the couple with 2.3 children12. Nightly group dinners aret mandatory, though people do have to pitch in and cook for a week every two months
13、Unit 31.Medical advances in wonder drugs, daring surgical procedures, radiation therapies, and intensive-care units have brought new life to thousands of people. Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword.(from paragraph 1 )1. Doctors power to treat with an array of space-a
14、ge techniques has outstripped the bodys capacity to heal. (from paragraph 1 )2. Most often it is at the two extremes of life that these difficult ethical questions ariseat the beginning for the very sick newborn and at the end for the dying patients(from paragraph 6 )3. The dilemma posed by modern m
15、edical technology has created the growing new discipline of bioethics. (from paragraph 7 )4. More than a dozen states recognize “living wills” in which the patients leave instructions to doctors not to prolong life by feeding them intravenously or by other methods if their illness becomes hopeless.
16、(from paragraph 10 )5. Meanwhile, the hospice movement, with its emphasis on providing comfortnot cureto the dying patient, has gained momentum in many areas. (from paragraph 10 )6. Ethicists also fear that under the guise of medical decisions not to treat certain patients, death may become too easy
17、, pushing the country toward the acceptance of euthanasia. (from paragraph 12 )7. At the other end of the life span, technology has so revolutionized newborn care that it is no longer clear when human life is viable outside the womb. (from paragraph 14 )8. “But I feel strongly that retardation or th
18、e fact that someone is going to be less than perfect is not good grounds for allowing an infant to die.” (from paragraph 16 )9. The current trend is toward nontreatment as doctors grapple with questions not just of who should get care but when to take therapy away. (from paragraph 19 )10. Since 1972
19、, Americans have enjoyed unlimited access to a taxpayer-supported, kidney-dialysis program that offers life-prolonging therapy to all patients with kidney failure. (from paragraph 23 )11. Burn unitsthough extremely effectivealso provide very expensive therapy for very few patients. (from paragraph 2
20、4 )As medical scientists push back the frontiers of therapy, the moral dilemma will continue to grow for doctors and patients alike, making the choice of to treat or not to treat the basic question in modern medicine. (from paragraph 25 )Unit 4 1. It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, y
21、et Parisians seem to do well.2. People from different cultures may unconsciously infringe on each others sense of space.3Thus although Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being “wasted“ unless it is filled with objects, the Japan
22、ese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value “empty“ space.4.Spatial consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touc
23、h.5.It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, non-spatial terms. 6.Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic o
24、f French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture.7.This pattern of spatial perception among the Hopi seems to be similar to their pattern of time perception, in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the We
25、stern cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern. 8.Spatial perceptions may be adaptations to specific environments: the degree of population density; the amount of arable land; the absence or existence of natural barriers such as the sea or mountains; the amount of distinguishing
26、 landmarks in a region.9.Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns the functions of spaces. In middle-class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate.
27、（unit 4para 4） 10.Spaces in India are segregated so that high caste and low caste, males and females, secular and sacred activities are kept apart. The pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by the archaeological evidence uncovered in ancient Indian cities.11.Anthropologists s
28、tudying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space.Unit 9 1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her.2.Yet even enthusiasts dont ascribe emotions to the very bottom end
29、of the food chain.3. He maintains that the question of feelings boils down to whether or not animals are conscious.4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, t
30、he very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhumans.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear-which some scientists define as a primary emotion that contrasts with secondary emotions such as love and grief. 6.One of the most ob
31、vious animal emotions is pleasure. Any who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking, tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with p
32、eople. 7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers dont even want to talk about animal emotions.8.Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quiet
33、ly beside an animals remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. 9. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in Tanzania for four decades, says that chips “chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.”1
34、0. After mating, the two cetaceans liger side by side , stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace.11. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods-repeatable observations that
35、 can be manipulated in controlled experiments- leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist.12. Today, however, amid mounting evidence to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.13. Essential to escape predators a
36、nd other dangers, fear- and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses- seems to be hard-wired into many species.14. The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate.15. In one experiment, Siviy
37、 placed pairs of rats in a distinctive plexiglass chamber and allowed them to play. After a week, he could put one animal alone in the chamber and, anticipating its upcoming play session, it would become “very active, vocalizing, and pacing back and forth with excitement.”16In animals studied so far
38、, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex, regions that have been conserved across many species throughout evolution.17. The plural of anecdote is dataUnit 10 1. Once one begins to censor the acquisition of objective knowledge, one i
39、s on the slippery slope of all.2The social obligations that scientists have, as distinct from those responsibilities they share with all citizens (such as supporting a democratic society and taking care of the rights of others), come from them having access to specialized knowledge of how the world
40、works that is not easily accessible to others.3There may well be problems with insurance and testing, but are these any different from those related to someone considered to be at increased risk of contracting AIDS or cancer?4One should not abandon the possibility of using a scientific idea to do go
41、od because one could use the same idea to do bad. There is no knowledge that is not susceptible to manipulation for evil purposes. 5To those who doubt whether the public or politicians are capable of making the correct decisions about science and its applications, I commend the advice of Thomas Jeff
42、erson: “I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves, and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise that control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their direction.” 6.Technology is much older than
43、 science and, unaided by any science, it gave rise to early crafts such as agriculture and metalworking. 7.Are there, as literary critic George Steiner has argued, certain orders of truth which would infect the marrow of politics and would poison beyond all cure the already tense relations between s
44、ocial classes and these communities? In short, are there doors in front of current research that should be marked “too dangerous to open? 8.hatever new technology is introduced, it is not for scientists to make moral or ethical decisions about its use, as they have no special rights or skills in thi
45、s regard. There is grave danger in asking scientists to be more socially responsible if they would also be given the right and authority to make such decision on their own. 9.The idea that knowledge is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the biblical
46、Tree of Knowledge, and in Miltons Paradise Lost the serpent addresses the Tree as the “Mother of Science”10.Are there areas of research that are so socially sensitive that they should be avoided, even proscribed? One possible area is the genetic basis of intelligence, and particularly the possible l
47、ink between race and intelligence. 11.Dangers and ethical issues come into play when scientific research is done in practice, for example in experiments involving humans and other animals or when science is applied to technology, or in issues related to safety. 12.Indeed, western literature is fille
48、d with images of scientists meddling with nature, with disastrous results. Scientists are portrayed as a soulless group, unconcerned with ethical issues.13. Dangers and ethical issues come into play when scientific research is done in practice, for example in experiments involving humans and other a
49、nimals or when science is applied to technology, or in issues related to safety.14.There is thus an important distinction between science and technology: between knowledge and understanding on the one hand, and the application of that knowledge to making something, or using it in some practical way, on the other.15. I would argue that science made virtually no contribution to technology until the nineteenth century- even the great triumphs of engineering such as the steam engine and Renaissance cathedrals were built w
