1、化工专业英语 Unit 2本文由 wabd911 贡献ppt 文档可能在 WAP 端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择 TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。UNIT 2 Research and Development2010-11-101Aims and Requirements1. Mastering New words and terminology; 2. Comprehending the text and related background knowledge accurately; 3. Mastering typical expressions in the text.Importan
2、t and Difficult Teaching Points1. Explanation of the specialized words and terminology; 2. Analyzing the structure of the complex sentence; 3. Comprehending and translating the text.2010-11-102一、New Words and Expressionsoverlap n. to lie over and partly cover something encompass surround;constitute
3、or include; accomplish; achieve2010-11-103monomer mer个体 mono-单一 monomer 单体 oligo-少,寡 oligomer 低聚物 poly-多 polymer 高聚物2010-11-104functional group 官能团 function 功能 foundation 基础,基金 fund 基金,专款 , strain v. to pull, draw, or stretch tight; strained the sheets over the bed.拉紧床上 的被单 n.拉紧,应变,用力,强制,粗滤,小种,菌株,族2
4、010-11-105sterile adj.贫脊的 不育的 不结果的 消过毒的 无 贫脊的,不育的 不结果的,消过毒的 贫脊的 不育的,不结果的 消过毒的,无 菌的,毫无结果的 菌的 毫无结果的 sterile land.贫瘠的土地 贫瘠的土地 sterile instruments 无菌器材 无菌器材 a sterile discussion 无结果的讨论 无结果的讨论 salutary a. favorable to health; useful :有益的； 有益的； 有益的 健康的： 健康的：a salutary climate.有益健康的气候 有益健康的气候 salutary advi
5、ce.有益的建议 有益的建议2010-11-106down time 停车时间 on stream 连续运行 conserve protect from loss or harm; preserve: 保存保护从而使其不受损失或伤害；保存保护从而使其不受损失或伤害；保存 To use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste: 节约,谨慎或节省地使用 谨慎或节省地使用； 节约 谨慎或节省地使用；避免浪费 to conserve energy.节约能源 节约能源 conserve our national heritage 保护我们的民族遗产2010-11-1
6、07preoccupation 使人全神贯注的事 急务 使人全神贯注的事, 使人全神贯注的事 He always takes his preoccupation with the educational cause. 他总是一心想着教育事业。 他总是一心想着教育事业。 prolongto lengthen in extent. prolong ones life延长寿命 延长寿命2010-11-108二、Text Explanation2010-11-1091. Fundamental Research and Applied ResearchQuestion: What is the mai
7、n reason for carrying out R&D in industry?2010-11-1010Sentences:(1).Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them. and 并非仅仅表示“和”或“并且” ，还有其它含义，其连接 并非仅仅表示“ 并且” 还有其它含义， 的成分在不同的上下文中，能表达各种各样的关系：
8、 因果” 的成分在不同的上下文中，能表达各种各样的关系：“因果” 、 “承 转折” 目的” 条件” 递进” 结果” 接” 、 “转折” 、 “目的” 、 “条件” 、 “递进” 、 “结果” 、 “对 选择” 原因” 归纳总结” 强调” 解释” 照” 、 “选择” 、 “原因” 、 “归纳总结” 、 “强调” 、 “解释” 、 依赖” 制约” “依赖” 、 “制约” ，等。此处 and 表示“转折” 。 表示“转折” 此处 表示2010-11-1011(2). , solve problems and to provide better data on which management can
9、 base decisions.management can base decisions on the data2010-11-1012(3). , whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part. where 引导一个限制性定语从句，其先 引导一个限制性定语从句， 引导一个限制性定语从句 行词为 point. 行词为2010-11-10 13(4). We can pick
10、 out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemists then these would be basic, fundamental (background) or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds.
11、 were-型虚拟式，表示现在时间或将来时间的主观设想情况 型虚拟式， 型虚拟式spring to rather than M rather than N突然闪现 而不（ 而不（是） 而不是 N 是 M 而不是 而不是2010-11-1014(4) It may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world” will be apparent. Thus
12、 physicists claim that but for the study and development of quantum theory we might not have had computers and nuclear power. but formight not have had(虚拟 语气)2010-11-10152. Types of industry Research and DevelopmentQuestions: How many types of R&D are of most concern to the chemical industry?2010-11
13、-10162. Types of industry Research and DevelopmentSentences: Another stimulus is a marked increase in demand and hence sales volume which can have a major effect on the economics of the process. P.16. (2) L6. hence sales volume 是一种特殊陈述句，即 hence名词词 是一种特殊陈述句， 仅限于正式语体。 组，仅限于正式语体。 hence ad. 因此，由此 因此， He
14、nce these songs. 因而有了这些歌曲。 因而有了这些歌曲。2010-11-10172. Types of industry Research and DevelopmentA major part of the process development activity for a new plant is to minimize, or ideally prevent by designing out, waste production and hence possible pollution. P.17.passage4 Hence the importance, alread
15、y mentioned, of eliminating waste production at the design stage of a new plant. P.18. passage22010-11-10182. Types of industry Research and DevelopmentWords: utility n. 公用设施，公用工程（如水、电、气等等）公用设施，公用工程（如水、 气等等） This reduced utility costs (mainly electricity) from $6.66 to $0.56 per ton of ammonia produ
16、ced. These pipe transfer process materials (gases and liquids) into and out of the plant. They also carry utilities (steam, cooling water, air, nitrogen, and refrigerant) to the process units.2010-11-10192. Types of industry Research and DevelopmentCFCchlorofluorocarbonA type of compound in which so
17、me or all of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon (usually an alkane) have been replaced by chlorine and fluorine atoms.Freon 12:CCl2F2 dichlorodifluoromethane2010-11-10203. Variations in R&D Activities across the chemical industryQuestion: Which area is the most research intensive in chemical indust
18、ry?2010-11-1021三、ExercisesP20 Exercise 12010-11-1022Key to Ex.1.1. R&D 3. processes and products 4. fundamental 5. applied 7. an existing product 9. Profitability 11. energy cost 13. process improvement 14. effluent treatment2010-11-102. ideas and knowledge6. product development 8. pilot plant 10. e
19、nvironmental impact 12. technical support15. pharmaceutical23化学化工构词（ 化学化工构词（1)构成金属元素的名称。 ium 构成金属元素的名称。化学元素是采用拉丁语为基础的 国际统一命名法，依规定，金属的词尾用 um 和 ium， 国际统一命名法，依规定， ， 如 ferrum cadmium magnesium barium potassium sodium2010-11-1024化学化工构词（1) 化学化工构词（*个别非金属元素词尾也有用 ium 的，如氦 如氦 helium 是1878 年由太 是 年由太阳的光谱中找到的，曾错误地认为它也是一种金属。 阳的光谱中找到的，曾错误地认为它也是一种金属。*有些金属元素的名称是按习惯命名的，未使用 有些金属元素的名称是按习惯命名的，未使用um 和 ium 词尾。 词尾。锑 汞 antimony mercury 钨 锌 tungsten zinc2010-11-1025化学化工构词（1) 化学化工构词（penicill- 拉丁 penicill(um) 意为一把小刷子 一把小刷子penicilline penicillium 青霉素 青霉菌（一种蓝绿色的霉菌，青霉菌（一种蓝绿色的霉菌，其孢子链排列成刷子状，故得此名） 孢子链排列成刷子状，故得此名）2010-11-10261
