1、初三英语 语法专题句子结构与主谓一致专题第一部分：句子类型一. 句子结构的基本成分：1.主 谓 宾句（结构）：Jack broke the school rules. The teacher had to punish him.（vt. 及物动词） 主 谓句（结构）： Jack gets up early everyday. （vi. 不及物动词） 主 谓 双宾句（结构）：Li Lei offered me his pencil when I wanted to draw a picture. 主 谓 宾 宾补句： Would you tell David to be quiet, pleas
2、e?2. 主 系 表句（或系表结构）：Jack looks hard-working, but he is really lazy. (l.v. 联系动词)3. 祈 使句（无主句）： Jimmy, dont stand here. Go to play sports, please.二. 句子的修饰成分：1. 定语：前置与后置，修饰名词2. 状语：时间、地点、转折、条件，修饰动词、副词、形容词三试分析以下句子的主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语 并注意谓语动词的形态：1. My brothers best friend John broke his left leg on the way to
3、 school this morning. Its too bad.2. Jackson has already worked in China since he came here one and a half years ago.3. Do you often kill some mosquitoes at night in summer?4. I can guess that Mike and Mary are watching a movie in the cinema at present?5. I think I am not good-looking, but I can run
4、 very fast. Last term I got the first place at the sports meet in our school.6. Twenty minutes ago Martha came here and took back her camera.7. I have ordered my dog not to shout at Jessie already.8. Its so important for you to learn English well.第二部分：主谓一致一主谓一致的三个基本原则：A语法一致。1.一致原则：主单-谓单 或 主复-谓复的基本句子
5、结构中。2. 不一致原则：特例原则。a. 不定代词（some, any, no，every/ body, one, thing, where）作主语时, 其谓语用单数。 b. 主语后面有 with, as well as, besides, except, like, 等介词引起的人称和数时，其后的谓语动词单复数变化区别处理。B意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，the police/ public/ staff，the poor/ wounded形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数； 然而news, politics,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语
6、用单数。C就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如 there be A and B，either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。二主谓一致的 9 种常考情形：1表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1). Three weeks is a short time.2). 47 and 23 is 70.2动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数
7、形式。例如，1). To see is to believe.2). It is not easy for us to learn math well.3). Its true that dropping litter anywhere is not right.3由 and 连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例，1). The famous writer and the teacher are coming here soon.The famous writer and teacher is coming here soon.2). The tomato and
8、 egg is my favorite dish. Its delicious. 4 集合名词作主语的几种情况：a. the police/ public/ staff/ poultryb. the poor/ rich/ dead/ old/ living/ woundedc. the Smiths/ the Turners/ the Chengsd. the family, team, class, group，这组特殊词的单、复数的变化要看其实际含义而定。表整体、称呼时，作单数； 表个体、内容时，作复数。例如，My family are going hiking in the mount
9、ains next week.All of us think that Toms family is a good example to us.5名词性物主代词 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its 作主语时, 其单、复数的变化由其实际含义而定。例如，His parents are tall and thin, while mine are tall and heavy.6以 s 结尾的固有名词作主语时，其形式上是复数，但其本身算作单数，故其谓语用单数。例如，news, maths, politics, physics,7在 there be, h
10、ere be； eitheror, neithernor, or, not onlybut also等连接名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数与其最靠近的主语单、复数一致，即就近原则。例如，1）Here is some paper and two letters for you on the table, Tracy.2) Not only my classmates but Mr Smith thinks the first prize should come to our class.8在 kind of, pair of, glass of 等量词短语前面有 this, the 或
11、my, your, his 时，应以 kind, pair, glass 为主体，而其后的名词则为其次。例如，1). Look, this kind of TV sets at the mall is pretty cheap.2). There are two glasses of milk on the table, too.但是，all kinds of, different kinds of的短语中：a. In summer, different kinds of foods are very popular in Jinli Street in Chengdu.b. Actually
12、, not all kinds of meat at the Carrefour market are very cheap.9a. 不定代词（some-/ any-/ no-/ every- + thing/ one/ body/ where）作主语时，其本身只作单数； b. 单数代词（one/ each/ either/ neither/ much）作主语时， 其谓语用单数。1). Much of the bread was left on the table just now.2). Each of us has an English-Chinese dictionary in my c
13、lass.c. 复数代词（both, many）作主语时， 其谓语用复数数。d. 单复各表的代词（all, some, most, any, one third, 3/5）作主语时， 其谓语的单复数随机应变。例如，1). Im sure that not all of the work has been finished already.2). Most of the students are still in the classroom now.3). Look! 1/3 of the bread hasnt been eaten on the plate.第三部分：主谓一致练习一把下面汉语
14、翻译成英语:1. 看，Henry 和他的同学在操场上打排球。Look! Henry _ his classmates is playing volleyball _ the playground2. 不错，我的这双鞋有点旧了，但是还结实。Yes，my pair of shoes _ _ _ old. _, _ pretty strong.3. 事实上，并非家乐福所有的肉都便宜。Actually, not all kinds of meat at the Carrefour market _ very cheap.4. Ten pounds is not so heavy, I think.5.
15、 八月份，除了爸爸，还有妈妈要和我一起去北京看奥运比赛。_ my father, my mum _ me is going to Beijing _ _ the Olympic games.6. 要把数学学好对我来说却是有点难。不过我会尽力。_ a little difficult _ _ to learn math well. But Ill _ my _.二选择适当的答案填空：A 组：1. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party last weekend.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invit
16、ed2. Everyone except Tom and Jerry _ there when the meeting began.A. are B. is C. was D. were3. _ the books in our library _about 20,000.A. The number of, are B. A number of, is C. The number of, is D. A number of, are4. - How about your CDs now, Mike?- Oh, mine _ old and some of them _ even broken.
17、A. is, are B. is, is C. are, are D. are, is5. The workmen _ busy _ the small parts together in the workshop.A. is, with B. are, putting C. is, putting D. be, with6. _ was sent to that country after the war was over.A. Lots of coats B. A lot of food C. Many kinds of foods D. Many water7. - Do you kno
18、w how many sheep_ in Australia? - Sorry, I dont know.A. is there B. there are C. are there D. there is8. Physics _ my favorite subject, I think.A. isnt B. doesnt C. are D. arent9. - Do you like watching cooking show on TV, Mary? - No. But my twin sister _. Shes quite fond of cooking.A. is B. are C.
19、does D. do10. Look, some of the bread _ been eaten on the plate.A. hasnt B. is C. have D. arent11. Sorry, my car is full, so there _ for this big box.A. are no rooms B. is little room C. is a few room D. are a few rooms12. The number of the teachers in our school is about 150, and _ of them _ men te
20、achers.A. two thirds, is B. half, are C. two third, is D. three quarters, are13. I hear the Johnsons _ in our district for half a year.A. are living B. have lived C. lives D. has lived14. Jenny _are going to visit the Palace Museum soon.A. and her parents B. and mum C. together with Mary D. as well
21、as Joe15. Li Lei and I have decided to go to the mountains if it _ this weekend.A. dont rain B. doesnt rain C. isnt raining D. wont rain16. In fact, neither Tom and Larry nor Jack _ from Canada. They are from America.A. comes B. coming C. come D. came17. Its true that fifteen and thirteen _ twenty-e
22、ight.A. are B. makes C. were D. make18. Yes, _ too much is bad for your health.A. eat B. ate C. eaten D. eating19. - Two months _ quite a long time for me often.- Well, maybe you dont have a good time these days.A. means B. its C. meaning D. meant 20. In China, all of the old _ taken good care of, I
23、 think.A. are B. was C. is D. being21. - _ this pair of shoes yours?- No. My shoes _ under the bed.A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, was22Ok, Ill say that my family _ watching the NBA games at that time.A. are B. am C. was D. were23. Whether we go fishing or not _ on the weather.A. depend B. depends C. depended D. depending24. Well, _ of the students wants to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics this summer.A. most B. some C. every one D. everyone25. Its said that many kinds of TV sets _sold at the Mall Parkson in Chengdu these days.A. is being B. has been C. are being
