1、英 语 第 五 课 ： 否 定 用 法 小 结核心提示否定句是英语中的常用基本句型之一,使用频率很高。在近几年的高考英语试题中, 以否定形式为题干的试题常涉及考查否定句的理解或构成。考点点拨否定代词的用法否定代词的用法一直是历年高考的热点，掌握它们指代的侧重点和范围尤为重要。如neither 表示对两者的否定，可以与介词 of 连用；none 表示三者或三者以上没有一个，通常用 how many/how much 提问,一般有范围，可以构成 none of；nothing 表示什么都没有，指物，用 what 提问；nobody 和 no one 表示没有人，用 who 提问。如：She has
2、 taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.Tom is going abroad for study, but neither of his parents are in favor of his plan.-Who are you speaking to?-No one./Nobody.温馨提示 Neither/nor+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样不其相反的结构为 so+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样。如：I went to school by bike yesterday,
3、so did my sister.He wont attend the meeting tomorrow, neither will Mr. White.否定前移的用法英语中的动词如 think, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose 等，如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。但是如果从句中的否定词不是 not, 而是 never, hardly, seldom 等时，则不适用于这个原则，如：I am sorry, but I dont think /suppose/ believe I know you.He
4、doesnt think his neighbor will help him if he is in trouble.I think Tom will never pass the exam because he doesnt work hard.温馨提示 否定前移时的反义句是高考的考点。当主语为第一人称 I, we 时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。如：I dont think Jim will pass the exam, will he?Tom doesnt believe that his parents will be in support of his p
5、lan, does he?部分否定用法含有如 all, everybody, everything, always, both 等用于否定句时，是部分否定，翻译成“不全是，不总是，并不是所有的都”等。如：Not all the teachers are in favor of this new book.=All the teachers are not in favor of this new book.隐性否定词用法指的是形式上看不到否定词，但含有一些特殊的词和词组来表示否定的意义。这种否定意义的用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中。含有否定意义的词汇和结构有：1.名词：absence, failu
6、re, lack, refusal, ignorance, negation, shortage 等。2 形容词及形容词短语：few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from, free of 等。3.副词：never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely 等。4.介词：against, beyond, butexcept, without, instead of, but for 等。5.动词和动词短语：fail, miss, stop/ keep/ preventfrom 等。6.固定结构：toot
7、o, anything but, would ratherthan, by no means, in no way, under no condition 等。否定词前置用法否定意义的词放句首，引起部分倒装。如：Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.By no means will this process be satisfactory.自我检测（高考真题演练）1. Not until he left his home _to know how important the family was for him.（10 江西）A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he has began2.- How was the televised debate last night?-Super! Rarely _ so much media attention.（07 上海）A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
