1、清华在线 010-62771166 62781166同等学力核心词汇（上）1 abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃，抛弃；离弃，丢弃abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 He abandoned smoking. 他戒烟了。abandon oneself to sth. (/be addicted to) He abandoned himself to computer games.他沉溺于电脑游戏中。相关词汇或短语对比：abandon 常指因迫不得已而放弃; 放弃对物或人的拥有的权力，强调永远且完全地“放弃” They had to abandon the ship when t
2、he fire got out of control.She has abandoned the bad habit.desert “舍弃，抛弃” ，强调违背诺言，逃避义务，书面意味较浓。He deserted his wife and went abroad.give up “放弃” ，多用于口语，后接物时可以与 abandon 通用give up smoking / ones hopequit “放弃，停止” 指突然放弃习惯，做法或权力quit ones jobquit smoking常接动名词的动词有：abandon, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, bea
3、r, cant help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, endure, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, feel like, finish, involve, mind, miss, permit, practise, quit, resist, risk.2. abide by 正式用语， “忠于，遵守”Ill abide by my promise (decision).He has to abide by the consequences. 他必须忍受后果。 （只用于指不良后果）obey “服从，执行，遵守” ，指人或命令obe
4、y an officer, obey ordersconfirm with “遵守” （条约或任命）The government had to comfirmed with the treaty.They were willing to confirm with the appointment.3. abolish “废除，革除” 指战争，奴役，旧习俗Negro slavery was abolished.We have to abolish the old customs, such as feudal superstiton.eliminate “除去，淘汰，剔除” eliminate s
5、th. from We have to eliminate the informal words from the paper.They eliminated the possibility that he did not get the newsget/be rid of sth./sb. “摆脱，解脱，除去”People in Beijing try hard to get rid of the cockroaches.How can we get rid of this unwelcome visitor? 4. abundant/plentiful “很多的，丰富的，充裕的” They
6、 have abundant proof of his guilt.清华在线 010-62771166 62781166be abundant/rich in “富裕，富有”Shanxi Province is abundant in coal.This area is abundant in fruit. plenty of “大量的，丰富的”There are plenty of books for CET Band Four.We must get to the airport in plenty of time.enough “足够的，足够地”We have enough time
7、to get to the airport.He is tall enough to reach the dictionary on the shelf. 5. access n. “接近的权利（方法或机会等） ；通道，入口；接近，进入”As a reporter, he has access to the president.The only access to the village is by climbing the mountain.gain/have access to sth. 可获得，接近；利用的权力（机会）With the rapid development of IT an
8、d information industry, a lot of people have access to mobile phones. （四六级 研究生考试考过）excess n. there are flowers inside.The machine crushes wheat grain to make flour.It was crushed into pieces.We cant crush any more people into the hall.72. damp adj. 潮湿的，微湿的 moist 潮湿的，湿润的（尤指表面潮湿的） humid 潮湿的（尤指空气或气候） w
9、et 湿透的The ground is still damp after the rain.Its damp and cold. I think its going to rain.Her eyes were moist with tears.The air in the room is moist because of the steam.A fruit cake should be moist, not completely dry.Its so humid today, my clothes are sticking to me.It was on a hot and humid sum
10、mer day.He got wet in the rain.73. deceive vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 （指为隐瞒真相而欺骗，有意识地使人误入歧途或用诱惑手段使人信以为真，上当受骗） cheat 欺骗（指为了个人利益而用不诚实手段欺骗，可用于表示经商中的欺骗）You cant deceive me. I know it.To deceive oneself is easy.He deceived her and she found it out.The shopkeeper cheats his customers.She cheated the boy out of his money.Y
11、ou may get cheated there.cheat/deceive sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 He deceived the boy into telling him the truth. 74. defect n. 缺点，毛病 shortcomingMobile phones have both merits and defects.清华在线 010-62771166 62781166That is his fatal defect.A defect in judgement led to the accident.75. deficit n. 赤字，
12、不足额We ended the month with a deficit. 我们这个结帐有亏损。They have large budget deficits.We have to cover the deficit.76. depict vt. 描绘，描写 =describeThe painting depicts the Battle of Waterloo.The author tried to depict their true love.77. descend vi. 下来，下降 declineThe river descends to the sea.The elevator de
13、scended slowly to the ground floor.The sun descended behind the hill.78. devastate vt. 完全毁坏，彻底毁掉 =destroyThe earthquake devastated the whole village.The bomb devastated a large part of the city.The car was devastated in the race.79. wicked adj. 邪恶的 evilIt was wicked of him to torment the poor cat.He
14、 is a wicked man.It is a wicked deed.80 wretched adj. 可怜的，凄伤的，悲伤的The wretched children are starving.He is leading a wretched life. I feel wretched about hurting her. 第五讲 词汇的基本意义和延伸意义语言中，任何一个词都有其基本意义和延伸意义。基本意义是指一个词的本来意思； 延伸意义是指该词在特定的上下文中产生的意思。比如 wave 这个词的基本意义是“波浪” ， 但是当它在句子“The flag is waving in the
15、wind.”中， 它的本来词义就在这个特定的上下文中得到了延伸，从而，它有“飘动”或“飘扬”的意思，这就是它的延伸意义。再比如 rank 一词，The men marched forward in ranks of foursHe held the rank of captain.This tennis player was at that time ranked third in the world. 因此，在学习词汇时，我们首先要准确地把握一个词的基本意义，然后在语言实践中要注意扩充这个词的延伸意义。81. deteriorate v. 使变坏，变质，恶化 worsenLeather qu
16、ickly deteriorates in a hot, damp climate.The patients condition has deteriorated ince the operation.Drinking more alcohole is deteriorating his health.82. differentiate vt. 区别，辨别， distinguish tell fromThe report doesnt differentiate the two aspects of the problem.He is too young to differentiate th
17、e right and the wrong.清华在线 010-62771166 62781166She cant differentiate colors.83. diminish v. 使变小，使减少，缩小 make smallerA war can diminish a countrys wealth.His illness dimished his strength.The amount of water in the river diminished as the dry season continued.84. disguise vt. 伪装，假扮 disguise sb. as
18、扮成。 。 。He can disguise his looks but he cant disguise his voice.Mulan disguised herself as a man to join the army instead of her father.The man disguised himself as a woman by wearing a wig.85. disposal n. 处理，除去 dealing withMy boss approve of my disposal of the files.His disposal of the difficulty p
19、leases us.at ones disposal 由某人掌握，控制，使用The whole company is at his disposal.I put my car at your disposal this weekend.The rest of day is at my disposal for window shopping.86. disrupt vt. 分裂（指国家，帝国，交通或其他无形之物） ，使混乱 confuseThe rebellion desrupted the country.The disagreement disrupted the association.
20、He disrupted our arrangement.Flood disrupted river traffic.A special report disrupted regular programming.87. distort vt. 使变形，扭曲，歪曲，曲解A curved mirror distorts the features.Crying distorted her face.You have distorted my motives.He gave a distorted account of what had happened.88. diverse adj. 种类不同的，
21、多种多样的 different Mary and her twin sister have diverse interests.People in Europe speak diverse languages.The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse.There are diverse ways to solve the problem.Peter and I have diverse ideas on how to raise fish.89. drain away the water 把水排掉Diltches are dug to drain
22、 away the water.The river drains into the sea.引申意义His strength drained away.His fortune was draining away.90 dreadful adj. 可怕的 terribleEarthquakes can cause dreadful disasters.The weather was so dreadful that we had to stay at home.His laziness led to the dreadful results in the final examinations.清
23、华在线 010-62771166 6278116691. dual adj. 双的，二重的dual degree 双学位the dual numberThey have the dual ownership of the shop.92. drown v. be drowned 溺死， 淹死He fell overboard into the sea and was drownedDo cats drown easily?He saved the drowning boy.drown oneself in : 埋头于 drown out 把淹没 drown ones sorrows 浇愁He
24、 drowned himself in chatting on line.The noise drown out her voice.The man drowned his sorrows in drink.drown 淹死，淹没 （指生物在水中丧生，也可指 “沉溺于” ）sink 下沉，下陷 （指人或物向下陷落，也可引申为 “堕落” ）wreck 指船“失事”93. duplicate v. 复制 =copy n. 复制品 adj. 复制的，完全相同的I have duplicated the key to the office.He has to duplicate thirty noti
25、ces for the members of the meeting.We have just bought a duplicating machine.If you lost your key, I can give you a duplicate.I opened the door with a duplicate key.We all received duplicate prints of the photographs94. dynamic adj. 精力充沛的 =energeticHe is so dynamic that he can work for more than ten
26、 hours a day.She looks dynamic every day.He is dynamic as he used to be.95. elaborate adj. 详细阐述的 detailedWe have worked out an elaborate plan for the holiday.He gave us the elaborate account of the accident.96. eligible adj. 有条件，有资格（参加或被选为） qualified for be eligible for / to Anyone who can speak Eng
27、lish is eligible to join the club.Those who passed all the exams are eligible for the election.Only citizens are eligible to vote.97. elite n. 精华，精英，杰出的人物 famous peopleHe is an educated elite.Most people in this company are elites.He was voted as one of the elites for 2006 in the city.98. embargo n.
28、 禁运 vt. 禁运，禁止（船只）出入港口 We all know the gold embargo.The government embargoed some of the goods in the new policay.99. emerge vi. 出现，显现 =appearThe moon emerged from behind the clouds.(He emerged from behind the tree.)清华在线 010-62771166 62781166No new ideas emerged during the talks.We saw a whale emerg
29、ing from the water.100. encounter vt. 遭遇，遇到I encountered my old friend in the street yesterday.They encountered unexpected difficulties in completing the task.The plane encountered a storm.第六讲 分类和比较 单词积累的越多可能会出现混淆的现象，甚至常会遗忘， 提供两种好的方法，1）分类法把单词进行分类归纳和总结，比如：也可以把同一词根派生的词进行归纳：sense, sensible ,sensitive,
30、sensitivity,insensible, oversensitive2）比较法同义词 think, consider, regard, maintain, claim, believe, holdharm , injure, hurt, damage, destroy , ruin,同音词，bare, bear cite,site course,coarse rain,reign同形异义词，content反义词 remember /forgetborrow/lend construct/destruct 101. empirical adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的He is an
31、empirical man.He should not be too empirical.102. eternal adj. 永恒的，永久的 =everlasting (强调无止境地延续下去)Is there eternal life?Rome has been called Eternal City.Do you believe the eternal love?Our friendship is everlasting.103. ethnic adj. 人种的， 种族的He likes ethnic arts.There are a lot of ethnic restaurants in
32、 England.People wear their ethnic clothes on their special festivals.104. ethos n. 文化精神，道义Ethos is important for the development of a country.They have cultivated instructive ethos.105. exasperate v. 激怒 =make sb. angry （美）I was exasperated by the noise.Constant interruptions of his work exasperated
33、him.It is exasperating to miss the bus to school by half a minute106. excerpt n. 摘录，引用 abstractHe read us some excerpts from Hamlet.Here is an excerpt of the film.107. exotic adj. 异国情调的，外国的，外来的 （指植物，文字，观念等）清华在线 010-62771166 62781166Here are the exotic tropical plants in a greenhouse.We have introdu
34、ced some of the exotic words into Chinese.108. extinct adj. 熄灭的，灭绝的The volcano is extinct.The passenger pigeon is extinct.The belief in magic is almost extinct today.109. facilitate vt. 便于，有助于，推动，促进 promote （不能用人作其主语）Modern inventions facilitate housework.Zip Codes are used to facilitate mail servic
35、e.He wants to employ a secretary to facilitate the work.110. famine n. 饥荒，饥饿 starvationMany people died of famine during the war.Crop shortages are causing famine in the country.111. flee v. 逃跑，逃避 run awayThe enemy fled in disorder.The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught.They all fled the bu
36、rning ship.112. flourish vi. 繁荣，兴亡，发展 boom developvt. 挥动Plants will not flourish without water.His newspaper business grew and flourished.My friends were flourishing flowers when they saw meThe little boy is flourishing a sword 113. fraud n. 诈骗，骗子，骗人的东西 fake cheaterThe judge found the man guilty of
37、fraud.He was charged with fraud.He got a large sum of money by fraud.The salesman is an absolute fraud.The used computer is a fraud because it doest work at all.114. frantic adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的 （指无法控制痛苦，焦急，高兴等情绪） crazy furiousThat noise is driving me frantic.The mother was frantic at the news that her son
38、died.What he said made us frantic.115. fulfil vt. 完成，实现 completeShe fulfilled her desire.If you make a promise, you should fulfil it.That task had been fulfilled.I have many duties to fulfil.The dream of a world without war has to be fulfilled.116. gorgeous adj. 华丽的，灿烂的，漂亮的 splendidWe saw the gorgeo
39、us sunset yesterday.Her new apartment has gorgeous rooms.The peacock spread its gorgeous tail.清华在线 010-62771166 62781166You never saw such a gorgeous mink coat.117. gross adj. 总的， 全部的 totalThe gross profit of the company was 100,000 pounds last year.His gross income is about $300,000 every year.He
40、is clear about the gross weight of the box.118. hamper v. 妨碍，牵制 hinderLack of water is hampering their work.His plan was hampered by the bad weather.I tried to find my keys, but I was hampered by my gloves.119. haul vt. 拖，拉 （笨重的东西） drag pullThey hauled the car out of water.The fishermen hauled the f
41、ish into the boat.The broken car was hauled away.They were hauling the boat up the beach.120. a heap of =heaps of 大量的， 很多 （既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词）The old man has a heap of money.The little boy received a heap of presents on his birthday.She has been there a heap of times.I have a heap of work to do every day.
