1、1英语改正错误讲解一、一致性方面的错误1)主谓一致主谓不一致错误是 CET-6 综合改错题内容之一,主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长,首尾不能相接,造成视觉上的混淆。例:The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.句中主语的主词为单数名词 president,介词短语 together with the workers 与主语无关,是插入成分,故谓语动词应用单数 is。2)名词单
2、复数有时名词可以不用复数,但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰,如 many, several, a number of, a variety of 等等,就要变成复数形式。例:Computer, as we all know, has many possible use in different fields.句中名词 use 前的修饰语 many 是用来修饰复数名词的,所以 use 应改为 uses。3)代词与先行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群,因此代词的出现必须有所指,而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例:A knowledge of
3、 several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中 without them 指的是没有几门语言的知识。 them 错指 a knowledge of several languages,因为其中 knowledge 是中心词,所以要把 them 改为 it。二、时态、语态、虚拟语气1)时态错误在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中,时态的使用也应该连贯一致,但是英语表示时间时,主句和从句时态可能不一致,却仍表明完整正
4、确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感,准确判断句中动作的时态。2例:He cant remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时,宾语从句中有 once(从前)作为明显的时间状语,因而从句中动词应用过去时 knew。2)语态错误在 CET-6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加被字也能表示被动,因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外,不及物动词不能携带宾语,因而也就没有被动语态。例:She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the acco
5、unt.句意:当她听这个叙述的时候,她很生气没有被告知真相。这里她是被告诉的对象,因而 telling 应改为 being told。3)虚拟语气错误虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例:We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气,故 is 应改为 be 或 should be。类似的动词还有 demand, insist, order,等等。三、连接词、并列句、从属句这类错误常常不
6、易被发现,因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识,而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对文章有总体的理解,头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例:Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.句中连词 sin
7、ce 用错了,逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系,但是 since 使之变成了因果关系,整个句子变得模糊不清。应把 since 改成 while 或 whereas。四、形容词、副词比较级、最高级3这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲,考生不难掌握。例:Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句 costly 是形容词,意思是昂贵的。它的比较级形式是 more costly。costlier 是错误的形式,须改成 costly。五、平行结构平行结构错误主要指在连接词 and 前后语法结
8、构不对等、不平行。例:Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.本句中三个平行成份 which products to emphasize now, which to develop 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop。六、非谓语动词非谓语动词是令
9、人头疼的改错类型,它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。例:The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知:the idea 是主语 ;is realized 是谓语部分;that 引导同位语从句。从句中 learn a foreign language 是主语,而 learn 是动词形式,应改为动名词 learning。七、固定搭配固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键
10、在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。例:It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology.句中 takes rise to 是错误搭配,应把 takes 改为 gives。give rise to 是固定表达,有引起、导致的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。八、词性错误词性误用句中,错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题,首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置,然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,副词修
11、饰形容词。4例:We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job.句中形容词 necessary 用于修饰形容词 capable,属于词性误用,应改为副词形式necessarily。九、易混淆的词英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似,如 assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。例:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中
12、 award 是颁发,授予(奖赏)之义,而文中想要表达的意思是汽车终于启动了,那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。应把 award 改成 reward。十、真题分析2011 年真题详细解析:1.Man is superior than the animals and he uses language to convey his thoughts。A B C D【解析】:答案 B,应改为 superior to。 “superior”作为暗含比较级的形容词,意为“较高级” 、 “较好的” 、 “较为优秀的” 。由于 superior 本身隐含着比较意义,因此不能在前面再加 more。在与另一事物进行比
13、较时,与之搭配的介词要用 to,不能用 than。例如:与 superior 用法相同的词还有 inferior, senior, junior, prior 等。比优越,不屈服于 be superior to 低于 be inferior to 比年长 be senior to 比年轻 be junior to 例如:junior“年少的 ”, “等级低的” 。它同 inferior,superior,minor 用法一样,它们的比较极是与 to搭配。如:be inferior to“比 差”;be superior to “比高级”等。译文:人比动物的高级之处在于人可以实用语言传递自己的思
14、想。2. It was the bad weather which ruined their plan.A B C D【解析】:答案 C,应改为 that。本题考点明显为强调句型的用法。强调句型的基本构成:It is /was +被强调部分+who/that +剩余部分(不论强调的是哪一部分,后面只能用who 或 that)。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用 It isthat /who;如果原句的谓语动词是过去时态,则用 It was .that /who;强调时间,地点,原因或方式时不能用 when , where , why , 或 how ,必须用 that 。译文:就是糟糕的天气
15、破坏了他们的计划。3. He bought a lot of books, none of them he has ever read.A B C D【解析】:答案 C 改为 which。本题考点为“介词 of/in/with +which”引导非限制性定语从句。其中 which 指代先行词 books;如果用 them 的话,就成了一个独立的句子,那5么就应该在 none 前加上 but.。译文:他买了许多书,没有一本是他曾经读过的。4. There was no meeting last Wednesday; he went home to see his parents.A B C D【
16、解析】:答案 B,应改为 being。两个句子中没有连词,主句的主语 he 和从句的meeting 没有任何关系,不能组成状语从句。所以只用用 there being 的格式,相当于一个独立主格结构,可在句子中用做状语,表示原因。译文:由于上周三没有会议,所以他回家看望了自己的父母。5. If carefully doing, the experiment will be successful.A B C D【解析】:答案 B,应改为 done. If 引导的条件状语从句,主句主语 experiment 和从句中 do 是被动关系,是被做的而不会主动做,所以要把 doing 改为 done.译
17、文:如果认真去做的话,实验将会成功。6. It was such interesting a book that both my son and my daughter couldnt put it down.A B C D【解析】:答案 A,应改为 so. 本题考点区别“suchthat”与“sothat”的区别:such aan +形容词+that,so+形容词+a/an+that. So 后面要紧跟形容词,所以本题应改 so.译文:这本书如此有趣以至于我的儿子和女儿舍不得放下。7. Not until she got to the classroom she found that she
18、 had forgotten to bring her books .A B C D【解析】:答案 C,应改为 did she find. 本题考点为 not only 在句首,句子要使用部分倒装结构,部分倒装即将主语与助动词倒置,其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。译文:她一直到教室后才发现自己忘记带书了。8. Tom found that incredible to adapt to the climate so soon where he would settle down.A B C D【解析】:答案 A,应改为 it. 本题考点为“it”作宾语的用法,it 做形式主语或形式宾语,后面句子可接
19、两种形式,一为动词不定式 to,而为从句 that。此句中“it”指代的就是“to adapt to the climate so soon” 。译文:汤姆发现想要快速地适应他将要定居的环境是不可思议的事情。9. In western countries, teenagers exposed to more drug education, but drug use is still A B C on the rise.D【解析】:答案 B,应改为 are exposed。本句考点在于“teenagers 和 expose”之间是被动关系。 “In western countries”作为地点状
20、语翻译为在西方的国家中。译文:在西方国家中,年轻人越来越多的受到毒品教育,但是毒品的吸食的人数还是在不断上升。100. He has nothing to say but do what is told to.A B C D【解析】:答案 C,应改为 to do。这个是一个固定短语 have nothing to but to do 没什么要做,只能做.。结构为并列关系,前后要一致,前面是 to say 所以要用 to do.译文:他除了做了被告诉的事情以为,什么也没有说。62012 年真题详细解析:1. It was kind of him to meet me at the station
21、 and drove me to his home.A B C D【答案】C 改为 drive。【解析】and 前后用法保持一致,前面用的是 it was kind of sb to do sth,and 后也要用动词原形。2. A house built of brick lasts longer than the one that is made of woods.A B C D【答案】D 改为 wood。【解析】wood 作“木头”讲时没有复数形式, woods 意思是“森林” 。3. Neither he nor his two brothers was responsible for
22、 the fire which had caused great losses A B C Dto the family.【答案】B 改为 were。【解析】题中出现了 neithernor遵循就近一致原则,离谓语较近的主语是 his two bothers 是复数,所以谓语动词用复数,把 was 改为 were。4. The professors lecture on grammar was three hours long and Sam felt very boring.A B C D【答案】D 改为 bored。【解析】题中 bore 是修饰人的,用 bored,修饰物时用 borin
23、g。5. I asked him where hed like to go to.A B C D答案:D 改为 go。解析:go 的宾语是 where,后不再加 to,所以把 go to 改为 go。6. The climate here is often said to be similar in that of Japan.A B C D【答案】C 改为 to。【解析】be similar to.是固定搭配, “与相似” 。7. Although he is considered a great writer, but his works are not widely read.A B C
24、 D【答案】B 去掉 but。【解析】although 不能跟 but 连用。8. Without the sun we would freeze to die and starve in almost total darkness.A B C D【答案】C 改为 death。【解析】C 处需要一个名词,因为前面已经出现了动词 freeze, 把动词 die 改为名词death。9. Japan, after the Second World War, grew into an industrial country rapid.A B C D【答案】D 改为 rapidly。【解析】rapid 是修饰动词 grow 的,应该用副词的形式 rapidly。10. Im afraid that I have to stop to talk with you because I have to go to the doctors for A B C D7my toothache.【答案】B 改为 talking。【解析】stop to do sth 意思是“停下一件事开始做另一件事” ;stop doing 意思是“停下正在做的这件事” ;根据句子整体意思,是要停止说话去看牙医,所以要用 stop doing,把 to talk 改为 talking。