1、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加 s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch 结尾的词加 es.如：class classes, boxboxes, heroheroes, dish dishes, bench benches.注：少数以 o 结尾的词,变复数时只加 s。如：photo photos, piano pianos.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,再加 es。如：familyfamilies, citycities
2、, party parties.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es。如：shelf shelves, wolf wolves, lifelives, knife knives.2、不规则变化：man men, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, child children, ox oxen, goosegeese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice two bags of rice, a piece of paper three pieces of pa
3、per, a bottle of milk five bottles of milk. some 和 any 的用法：some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个” 、 “一些” 、 “某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任
4、何一些” 、 “任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友) / Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的” 。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来other、 the other 和 another 的用法：other 意思是 “另一” 、 “另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another 意思是“另外” 、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some
5、 girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块蛋糕了,你真的还要一块？) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书 )another(另外的,再一,又一)与 the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用 the other,在原
6、先基础上增加用 another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了 4 块蛋糕 ,但是我还要一块。)others 与 the others 的主要区别：others 指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分 )；the others 指“其余的人/物”,( 指全部) 。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching
7、them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whoever、 whatever、 whichever 主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用 who 代替 whom 作宾语,但在介词后则只能用 whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚
8、会的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？ )2、who 和 whom 只能独立使用,其中 who 可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom 只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、 which、 whose 等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) 注意这个提问
9、：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲 )Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)3、which 除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？) / -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？) The biggest
10、 one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？) / What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、 英语中常用的基数词有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleven
11、twelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveone hundred and one1000one(a) thousand,10000 ten thousand,100000one hundred thousand ,1000000one million,10000000ten
12、 million, 100000000one hundred million,108one hundred and eight, 146one hundred and forty-six, 500five hundred , 1001one thousand and one, 1813one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、注：(1)百位与十位之间要加 and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加 and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用 thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用 mi
13、llion,倒数第三的逗号之前要用 billion 表示。(3) hundred、 thousand、 million 作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上 one, two, 等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成上”,后面必须要有 of,前面可以加上 some,many,several 等词。如：five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of (成千上万的 ), millions of(成百万的)3、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1、 英语的序数词基本变法：(1) 一般在基数词后加 th,(2)-ve 结尾
14、的改为-fth,(3)-ty 结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。2、序数词如下：1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12thfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththir
15、tiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethone undredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthone hundred and first1000th one thousandth, 1000000th one millionth., 第 703the seven hundred and third, 第 5480the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.3、注：(1
16、)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如： thirty-sixth,(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词 the. 如：Im in the third grade.(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1/5 one fifth ; 2/3 two thirds ; 4/7 four sevenths ; 1/2 a half ; 1/4 a quarter ; 3/4 three quarters ; 50% fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).4、数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and
17、two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12 月 1 日: Dec.1st 或 the first of December；2002 年 11 月 8 日: Nov. 8th, 2002.3、表示时刻： 5： 15 five fifteen 或 a quarter past five ; 8： 30 eight thirty 或 half past eight ; 10： 45 ten forty-five 或 a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105 Room one 0 five; Bus No.13 Bus Num
18、ber Thirteen; P.5 Page Five; Tel.No.7658659 Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one six.6、 “半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5 小时one and a half hours 或 one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加 the 时,表示顺序,加 a/an 时表示“再一、又一 ”。如：The third lesson is rat
19、her difficult.(第三课相当难 )/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)不定冠词 a / an 的用法：不定冠词 a / an 用在单数名词的前面,a 用在辅音开头的词前面 ; an 用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了
20、。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), h
21、alf an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest 等 )(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词 the 的用法：定冠词 the 用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复
22、述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun. (地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) /
23、Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近 )(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
24、(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same 之前一般用 the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床), in the end(最后),all the time(一直), by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数
25、名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国 ) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在 1995 年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in sp
26、ring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys .(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7) 球类名词前不用。如：The children play footbal
27、l on Saturday afternoons .(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at Peoples Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如： at / to / from / out of / after / for school; in / to / for / after class; in / to / out of / into bed; after / at/ from / out of / to work; at / to sea; in / from / down / to to
28、wn; at / from home; at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; at night/noon/midnight; on foot; go to school/bed; on top of; in front of; on show/display/duty/watch; in / out of hospital; at all; on/in time; at first/last/once; in Chinese/English,etc.; take care of in ones free time 在某人空闲的时间Stamps physics Mondaybetween and 在。 。之间Eileen is between Lori and Garden.Between and outdoor activitiesFriendly to From.to从。 。到。 。I walk from my home to school.ou house out ouch mouse mouthbuyfor sb 给某人买东西Thank you for doing sth.谢谢你帮我做某事ds |dz| reads birds hands kidsWhats the date?日期
