1、短语动词 01askask after/for somebody 探询有关 的信息， （向第三者）问某人健康如何：I met Tom at the party；he asked after you我在聚会上遇见了汤姆；他问你好。 （问你健康如何问你过得怎么样）ask for（a）寻找某人并想和他她说话，要求见到某人：Go to the office and ask for my secretary到办公室去，找我的秘书。（b）要求，索要：The men asked for more pay and shorter hours工人们要求增加工资，减少工时。ask someone in（宾语在 i
2、n 之前）请某人进来：He didnt ask me in；he kept me standing at the door while he read the message他没有让我进去；他径自看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。ask someone out（宾语在 out 之前）请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭（特别是在公众地方吃饭）：She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings，so she seldom spent an evening at home她有很多朋友，晚上常被邀请外出，因此她晚上很少在家里呆着
3、。backback away（intr）慢慢地退回去（因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事）：When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously他拿出枪来时，大家都紧张地向后退去。back out（intr）退出（某事先已同意的联合行动） ，停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持：He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was他本来同意给予帮助的，但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。back somebody up 从道义上或行动上支持：The headmaste
4、r never backed up his staff （backed them up）If a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时，他总是认为一定是老师不对。bebe against（tr ）反对（常带动名词）：Im for doing nothing till the police arriveIm against doing anythingtill the police arrive我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。我反对在
5、警察到来以前采取任何行动。be away（intr） （至少有一个晚上）不在家，不在某地be back（intr）在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地：-I want to see Mrs PittIs she in ？No，Im afraid shes out at the momentNo ， Im afraid shes awayfor the weekendWhen will she be back？-Shell be back in half an hour/next week我想见皮特夫人。她在吗？不，恐怕她现在不在。不，我想她外出度周末了。她什么时候回来？她半小时后下周回来。be fo
6、r（tr）赞成（常带动名词）be in（intr）在家或在某个建筑物内be in for（tr）将要遇上（常跟某种令人不愉快的事）：Did you listen to the weather forecast？ Im afraid were in for a bumpyflight你听气象预报没有？恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。If you think that the work is going to be easy youre in for a shock如果你以为这工作将容易，那么你可要大吃一惊了。be out（intr）短时间不在家不在某个建筑物里，但并不在外过夜be over（intr
7、）结束：The storm is over now；we can go on暴风雨过去了；我们可以继续走了。be up（intr）起床了：Dont expect her to answer the doorbell at eight oclock on SundaymorningShe wont be up星期日早上 8 点钟时，别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。be up to（tr）体力或智力足以（宾语常用 it，但也可用动名词）：After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longe
8、rup to the work/up to doing the work部长生病后继续任职，但他已力不胜任了。be up to somethingsome mischiefsome trickno good 从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事捣鬼：Dont trust him；he is up to somethingsome trick别信他；他在搞鬼在耍诡计。The boys are very quietI wonder what they are up to 男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。注意：这里 up to 的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语，如上面例句所示。这个习语从来
9、不与某一具体明确的事连用。it is up to someone（常带动词不定式）此事是某人的职责：It is up to the government to take action on violence采取行动对付暴力行为，是政府职责所在。I have helped you as much as I can Now it is up to you我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。 （你得靠自己的努力干下去。 ）bearbear out（tr ）证实，提供证明：This report bears out my theory （bears my theory outbears it o
10、ut）这报告证实了我的理论。bear up（intr ）听到坏消息仍能勇敢支撑，掩饰感情或忧伤：The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it她故去的消息对他来讲是个打击，但他勇敢地支撑着，我们谁也没意识到他的感受该有多么强烈。blowblow out（tr）吹熄：The wind blew out the candle （blew the candle outblew it out）风吹灭了蜡烛。blow up（t
11、rintr）（a）用爆炸的方法毁灭，爆炸，被毁：They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldnt follow them （blew the bridges upblew them up）他们炸毁了桥，好让敌人不能追上他们。Just as we got to the bridge it blew up我们刚到桥头，桥就炸掉了。（b）充气，打气，使膨胀：The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air （ blew the balloons upblew them u
12、p）孩子们把气球吹鼓了，扔向空中。boilboil away（intr） （液体）因沸腾而挥发完，熬干：I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about itWhen I returned， the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle我把壶放在煤气灶上，然后就走开把这事忘掉了。我回来时，水都烧干了，火把壶底烧出了一个窟窿。boil over（intr ） （液体因沸腾而）溢到容器外面：The milk b
13、oiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning牛奶潽了，烧糊的味道极为难闻。短语动词 02breakbreak down a door etc用强力敲破或撞破：The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house（break the door down/break it down）消防员不得不破门而入以便到着火的房子里边去。break down figures 将一数目分别列在不同项目下以作进一步说明：You say that 10，000 people
14、 use this libraryCould you break that downinto age-groups ？你说有 10，000 人使用这所图书馆。你能否按年龄组将数字分解一下？（即说出有多少人是 25 岁以下的，有多少人是 50 岁以上的等等）break down（intr）由于有缺陷或强度不够而坏掉或不再正常运作：（a）常指人暂时感情支持不住：He broke down when telling me about his sons tragic death他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时，不能自已了。 （他失声痛哭了。 ）（b）指丧失精神上的抵抗力：At first he refuse
15、d to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed起初他否认有罪，但给他看证据时，他招架不住而供认了。（c）指身体健康状况严重恶化：After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire在多年劳累之后，他的身体垮了，只好退休。（d）常指机器坏了：The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days
16、 to repair it我们驾车横越沙漠时，汽车坏了，花了两天才修好。（e）指交涉或谈判的破裂：The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise因为双方都不肯妥协，谈判破裂了。break in（intr ） ， break into（tr）（a）用暴力强行进入：Thieves broke in and stole the silver窃贼破门而入，偷走了银器。The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday屋主外出度假时，有贼破门而入。（b）突然说话
17、打断别人：I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事，他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。break in a young horsepony etc （tr）训练（马等）以供驾驭使用：You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in在没有把马训练好以前，不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。break off（tr/intr）解开，破开，使分裂开或自己破裂开：He took a ba
18、r of chocolate and broke off a bit （broke a bit off/broke itoff）他拿出一板巧克力，掰下了一小块。A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff一块岩石断裂开，掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。break off（tr ）终止，停止，取消（常跟协议、协商或谈判等）：Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom （broken her engagement off/broken it off）安已经取消了同汤姆的
19、婚约。break off（intr ）突然停止说话，突然住口：They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room他们正争吵不休，但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。break out（intr）（a）开始，爆发（常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事）：War broke out on 4 Angust战争于 8 月 4 日爆发。（b）用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出：They locked him up in a room but he broke out他们把他锁在一间屋里，可是他强行逃出了
20、。 （砸开门跑掉了）The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。break up（tr intr） （使）瓦解， （使）解体：If that ship stays there she will break upshe will be broken up by thewaves那艘船如果停泊在那里，就会破的会被浪头打散的。The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散
21、当废铁卖了。Divorce breaks up a lot of families （breaks families upbreaks them up）离婚拆散了许多家庭。break up（intr ） （用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等）散会，放假：The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi- days学校在 7 月 30 日放假了，男孩子们都回家度假去了。The meeting broke up in confusion会议在一片混乱中散了。bringbring someone round（tr；
22、宾语常位于 round 之前）（a）说服某人接受以前所反对的建议：After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view在争辩了很久之后，我说服他转念同意了我的看法。（b）使恢复知觉：She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round她痛得昏厥了，但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。bring a person or thing round（ tr；宾语常位于 round 之前）把人或物带到某人的住所去：I have finished t
23、hat book that you lent me； Ill bring it round（to your house）tonight 你借给我的书我已经看完了；我今晚上把它带（到你家里）来。bring up（tr ）（a）教育培养儿童：She brought up her children to be truthful （brought her children upbrought them up）她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。（b）提起，谈到：At the last committee meeting，the treasurer brought up the question of rais
24、ing the annual subscription （brought the question upbrought it up）委员会上一次开会时，财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。burnburn down（tr intr ） （完全）焚毁（指建筑物）：The mob burnt down the embassy （burnt the embassy downburnt it down ）乱民把大使馆焚毁了。The hotel burnt down before help came旅馆在援助到来以前就烧毁了。call1 call 走访，拜访call at。走访一个地方：I called
25、at the bank and arranged to transfer some money我到银行去了一下，安排了款项过户的事宜。call for 到一个地方去取物或接人：I am going to a pop concert with TomHe is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then我要和汤姆去听流行歌曲音乐会。他 8 点钟来接我，因此我必须届时准备好。Lets leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we ha
26、ve the car咱们可以把行李存放在行李暂存处，等以后有车用时再来取。call in（intr）同 look in 和口语化的 drop in 意思一样，是来访，来坐坐的意思：Call inLook in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent你回家的路上来看我一下，告诉我面谈进行得如何。call on 拜访某人：He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition他走访了这一地区的所有主妇，要求他们在请愿书上签名。2 cal
27、l forinon 的其他意思call for（tr）要求，需要（这里的主语常是一个不用来指人的单词或短语，如 the situation形势this sort of work 这种工作/this 此事等，宾语则常是一个表示某种性质的词，如 courage 勇气patience 耐心 a steady hand 稳当不抖的手）：The situation calls for tact对付这一形势要有策略。Youve got the job！ This calls for a celebration你得到这份工作了！这需要庆祝一下。但这里也可以用一个用来指人的主语：The workers are
28、 calling for strike action工人们正要求采取罢工行动。The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry死者们的亲属要求调查真相。call in a personcall a person in 派人去找某人来请某人来家服务（send for 比 call in 更显得主语权势大，因此 callin 是更有礼貌的说法）：It was too late to call in an electrician （call an electrician incall him in）找电工来已太晚了。There is s
29、ome mystery about his death； the police have been calledin他的死有点儿蹊跷；已经去找警察来了。call on somebody（常带动词不定式）要某人做某事要某人给予帮助（较为正式的提出要求的方式，主要用于正式场合或演讲中，意味着提出要求的人认为所号召的事是另一人的责任）：The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country总统号召人民为祖国的利益做出牺牲。The chairman called on the secret
30、ary to read the minutes of the lastmeeting主席要求秘书朗读上次会议的记录。3 call 的其他词组call off（ tr）取消尚未开始的事，放弃已在进行中的事：They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on（call the match offcall it off）因为场地太湿无法比赛，人们不得不取消这次比赛。When the fog got thicker the search was called off雾愈来愈浓了，只得放弃了搜索。call out（tr）
31、召唤某人出来处理外面的事（常用于指部队被召集走出营房对付民众骚乱）：The police couldnt control the mob so troops were called out警察无法控制乱民，因此出动了军队。The Fire Brigade was called out several times on the night of 5 November to put out fires started by fireworks11 月 5 日晚上，消防队多次奉召出动，以扑灭因燃放焰火而引起的火灾。Doctors dont much like being called out at
32、night医生们不太喜欢夜间出诊。call up（tr）（a）征去服兵役：In countries where there is conscription men are called up at the age of eighteen （call up mencall men upcall them up）在实行征兵制的国家里，18 岁的男子要应征服役。（b）给打电话：I called Tom up and told him the news （calld up Tom called him up）我给汤姆打电话，把消息告诉他了。carenot to care about（tr）对淡漠，不关
33、心：The professor said that he was interested only in research；he didnt really care about students教授说他只对研究感兴趣；他并不真的关心学生。care for（tr ）（a）喜欢（很少用于肯定句）：He doent care for films about war他不喜欢战争影片。（b）照看（除被动态外，较少使用）：The house looked well cared for（=had been well looked after/was ingood condition） 房子看起来照管得很好。c
34、arrycarry on（intr）继续（常指工作或职责）：I cant carry on alone any longer；I ll have to get help我无法再一个人继续下去了；我得找人帮忙。carry on with（tr ）与上用法相似：The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment医生告诉她应该继续这种疗法。carry out（tr）履行（职责） ，服从（命令） ，执行（指令） ， （把威胁要做的事）付诸行动：You are not meant to think for yourself；you are here to
35、 carry out my or-ders你们的职责不是自己思考；叫你们来这里是要你们执行我的命令。The Water Board carried out their threat to cut off our water supply自来水公司董事会把他们的威胁付诸行动，停止供应我们水了。 （他们威胁要这样做，也真的这样做了。 ）He read the instructions but he didnt carry them out他看了指示，但没有遵照执行。catchcatch up with（tr ） ，catch up（trintr）赶上但没超过：I started last in t
36、he race but I soon caught up with the others （caught them upcautht up）我在赛跑中最后一个起跑，但不久就赶上了其他人。Youve missed a whole term；youll have to work hard to catch up withthe rest of the class （catch them upcatch up）你缺了整整一学期的课，得努力学习以便赶上同班的其他人。短语动词 03cleanclean out（tr） a roomcupboarddrawer etc彻底清理打扫（房间 碗柜 抽屉等）I
37、must clean out the spare room （clean the spare room out/clean it out）我得把那间备用房（客房）彻底清扫一下clean up（tr） a mess， eg anything spilt 清扫（脏物,如撒出的东西）：Clean up any spilt paint （clean the spilt paint upclean it up）如果有溅出来的油漆，把它收拾干净clean up（intr）同上用法相同These painters always clean up when theyve finished这几位油漆工完工之后总
38、要把场地打扫干净clearclear away（tr）把物件拿开以便腾出地方：Could you clear away these papers？（clear these papers away clear them away）你能不能把这些文件清除开？clear away（intr）散开The clouds soon cleared away and it became quite warm云很快就散开了，天气变得相当暖和clear off（intr ）走开（指室外） clear out（intr ）走开（指室内）二者都是口语用法；作为命令时这样说是相当不礼貌的You clear off，
39、said the farmer angrily Youve no right to put your caravans in my field without even asking my permission “你们给我走开， ”农民愤怒地说， “你们没有权利连我的许可都没征得就把住人的大篷车停在我的地里”Clear out！ If I find you in this building again，I ll report you to the po-lice走开！你要再到这幢建筑里来，我就将你报警了clear out（tr）把（房间碗柜抽屉等）腾空以便放别的东西：Ill clear out
40、 this drawer and you can put your things in it （ clear this drawer outclear it out）我会把这个抽屉腾空，这样你就能把你的东西放在里面了clear up（intr）有云或雨后天晴了The sky looks a bit cloudy now but I think it will clear up现在天看来有点阴，但我想天会晴的clear up（tr intr）收拾整齐干净When you are cooking its best to clear up as you go，instead of leaving e
41、verything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with烹调时，最好是边干边收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾Clear up this mess （clear this mess upclear it up）把这堆乱糟糟的东西收拾干净clear up（tr ）（a）完成（某种尚待完成的工作）I have some letters which I must clear up before I leave tonight有几封信我今天晚上走以前必须写完（b）侦破（不可思议的怪事、案件等）In a
42、great many detective stories when the police are baffled an amateurdetective comes along and clears up the mystery （clears it up）在许多侦探小说中，当警察束手无策时，来了个业余侦探，把案子给破了closeclose down（tr/intr）永远关闭，停业（指商店或买卖等）Trade was so bad that many small shops closed down and big shops closedsome of their branches down
43、（closed down some branches/closed themdown）市面很差，许多小店停业了，大商店也关了一些分店close in（intr ）逼近，从四面凑近（常用于雾、夜色、敌人等）As the mist was closing in we decided to stay where we were由于雾越来越逼近，我们决定留在原地不动close up（intr ）缩小间距（指一行人）If you children closed up a bit thered be room for another one on thisseat你们几个孩子要是挤一挤，这座位上还能加一个
44、人comecome acrossupon（tr）碰巧发现，碰巧找到When I was looking for my passport I came across these old photographs我在找护照时碰巧找到了这些旧相片come along/on（intr）和我一起来，陪伴我去（常用来敦促犹豫不决的人或拖拖拉拉的人）：Come on，or well be late快点，否则我们要迟到了come away（intr） （和我一起）走离开Come away now， Its time to go home快走吧。该回家了come awayoff （intr）自行脱落：When I
45、 pickd up the teapot the handle came away in my hand我拿起茶壶时，茶壶掉了而只剩茶壶柄在我手里come in（intr） ，come into（ tr）进入：Someone knocked at my door and I said， Come in 有人敲我的门，我说：“进来。 ”Come into the garden and Ill show you my roses到花园里来，我给你看我的玫瑰花come off（intr）（a） （计划或阴谋）成功（用于否定句）：Im afraid that scheme of yours wont
46、come offIt needs more capitalthan you have available恐怕你那个计划不会成功。它需要的投资不是你能拿得出来的（b） 发生，按预先安排的那样发生：-When is the wedding coming off？Next June婚礼什么时候举行？6 月份如果我们说 The duchess was to have opened the bazaar（公爵夫人本来是要为义卖主持开幕仪式的） ，我们的意思是说计划是那样订的，但没有实现（她本安排好要去为它揭幕，但后来不得不取消这一安排）（c） （话剧、展览等）结束一轮演出或展出：Lady winderm
47、eres Fanis coming off next weekYoud better hurryif you want to see it少奶奶的扇子下周要结束演出了。你要想看的话得抓紧点come out（intr）（a）被揭露或发觉（这里的主语常是 the truth 真相/the facts 事实/the whol story 全部内情等；并且一般指有关人士想竭力掩盖的事实即丑闻等）：They deceived everybody till they quarrelled among themselves；then onepublicly denounced the others and
48、the whole truth came out他们把大家都骗了，直到后来内讧起来，其中一个人公开揭发了别人，这才真相大白（b） （书籍）发行：Her new novel will be coming out in time for the Christmas sales她的新小说将赶在圣诞节购物潮时发行（c） （污渍）消除，洗掉：Tomato stains dont usually come out西红柿污渍一般洗不净come round（intr）（a）终于接受以前所反对的建议：Her father at first refused to let her study abroad but
49、he came round（to it）in the end她父亲起初反对她去外国念书，但终于回心转意了（他说可以让她去）（b）到某人的家里来：Ill come round after dinner and tell you the plan我晚饭后来转一下，把计划说给你听come round/to（intr；to 重读） 恢复知觉：When we found him he was unconscious but he came round/to in half anhour and explained that he had been attacked and robbed我们发现他时他已失去知觉，但是半小时后他恢复了知觉，说他遭到殴打抢劫come up（int
