1、1简单句和句子成分一 分析以下句子的句子成分They are standing on the playground. Fishing becomes popular. Jane finished her homework.句子的基本要素：主语+谓语主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。动词的词性不同， 选用的句式也有所不同1. 句型一：主语+谓语(vi)+(状语)1)She disappeared. 2）I live in Guangdong. 3）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.不及物动词能表达完整的意思，后面
2、可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，谓语的修饰词叫状语, 可出现在句首或句末。2. 句型二：主语+谓语(Link v.)+表语1)I am a student. 2) We are happy now 3) My job is teaching English.用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。系动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语。1 表语一般跟在系动词后面； 2 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。系动词包括以下三类（21 words)：be 动词 “是”; seem 似乎,好像, appear 显得, 好像,似乎; feel
3、 觉得感觉; look 看起来;smell 闻起来; taste 尝起来;sound 听起来;become 变得;get 变得; turn 变成; grow 逐渐变成；go 变得;fall 进入某种状态 come 变成;stay 保持;keep 保持; remain 仍然是 stand 处于某种状态;continue 继续存在句型三：主语+谓语(vt)+宾语1. 主语+谓语+ 名词或代词(n./pron)Many boys likes football very much.2. 主语+谓语+ 动名词 I enjoy living in the country.3. 主语+谓语+ 不定式 Mot
4、her promised to buy me a new computer.4. 主语+谓语+wh-+to do sth We havent decided where to hold the sports meet1.) 宾语跟在及物动词后面或介词后面2. )宾语由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或 wh-+to do sth 充当跟不定式作宾语的动词: vt+to doafford, agree 同意, arrange(设法/约定), ask, beg(恳求,请求), choose, decide, demand(要求,请求), desire(想要), determine, expect, fa
5、il, hate, happen(碰巧), hesitate(踌躇), hope, intend, learn, manage(设法成功 ), mean(打算), offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, etc.跟动名词作宾语的动词: vt+doingadmit 承认, advise 建议,allow 允许,appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，consider 思考, deny 否认, dislike 不喜欢, enjoy 喜欢 , escape 逃避, finish 完成, forbid 禁止,im
6、agine 想象,include 包括, keep 保持, mind 介意,mention 提及, miss 错过,permit 允许,practice 练习, quit 停止, resist 经得住, suggest 建议, feel like 想要,判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文1. He looks tired. 2. His words hurt me. 3. She decides to stay here.4. The food tastes delicious. 5. The book belongs to me. 6. Hearing the news, her fac
7、e turned red. 7. She joined in all kinds of activities at university.8. To our delight, Doctor Zhang recovered from the disease.9. He reads the new words again and again in order to learn them by heart.1. 我不同意他的看法。22. 他很快睡着了。3. 三年前他患了肺癌。4. 我在人群中认出她了。5. 在比赛中，他总是保持冷静。6. 他们最后解决了这个难题。7. 许多人喜欢在他们日记里写下自己的
8、感受。8. 在他的人生中，他已经经历了许多苦难(hardship).1. _(listen) to music can relax us. 2. The time passed _(quick).3. Mary can speak English _(fluent).4. He often communicates _ his e-pal on the Internet. 5. The book seems _(use) for your study. 6. Mrs. Brown looks _(health).7. I told her the news but she ignored _.
9、 8. John dislikes _(play) football.9. I hope _(teach) English. 10. I dont know _ to deal with the problem.二 分析以下句子的句子成分He gave his sister a book.They made me happy.I will write you a letter.The doctor advised me to give up smoking.句型 4：主语谓语(vt)间接宾语( 人)直接宾语 (物)He brings me cookies every day. He bring
10、s cookies to me every day.She bought me a beautiful skirt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。但若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to 或 for。常跟双宾的动词（需借助 to 的 ）bring sb sth /bring sth to sb give sb sth / give sth to sb lend sb sth / lend sth to sb han
11、d sb sth /hand sth to sb offer sb sth /offer sth to sb pass sb sth / pass sth to sbpay sb sth /pay sth to sb promise sb sth/promise sth to sb常跟双宾的动词（需借助 for 的）buy sb sth /buy sth for sb call sb for sth cook sb sth/cook sth for sb choose sb sth/choose sth for sb draw sb sth/draw sth for sb find sb st
12、h/find sth for sb get sb sth/get sth for sb make sb sth/make sth for sb order sb sth/order sth for sb sing sb sth/sing sth for sb save sb sth/ save sth for sb spare sb sth/spare sth for sb句型 5： 主语+谓语(vt)+宾语+宾语补足语We made him monitor. What he said made me very disappointedWe saw some children dancing
13、in the garden.1. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+名词President appointed John manager of Marketing.2. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+形容词 The news made me happy.3. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+副词 I found him out when I arrived.4. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+介词短语 I found my friend in the classroom.5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+不定式/动词原形He encouraged her to work harder. The boss made him work overtim
14、e.6. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+现在分词/过去分词I saw him playing on the playground at that time. She had the clothes washed.2. 可以用作宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。3拓展句型: 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真实宾语主语+谓语 +it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ doing sth She thinks it no use practicing so much.主语+谓语 +it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ to do sth I found it very pleasant to be
15、with your family.主语+谓语 +it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ that 真实宾语从句 He believed it impossible that she would agree.1）能用于该句型的谓语动词有 consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose 等；2）用 doing 作真实宾语时其宾补为 no use, no good, useless, etc.判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文1. My grandma told me an interesting story. 2. We made him mo
16、nitor.3. He showed the conductor the ticket. 4. I want you to paint the wall.5. My father bought me a new bike. 6. I think it no use talking about this again.7. I will get the computer repaired. 8. I make it a rule to read English aloud in the morning.Exercises:1. Living in dorms can bring us great
17、_(happy) 2. I am very grateful to Mr. Brown for offering _ great help in America. 3. The place we visited _ (call) Diaolou. 4. The news made me _(anger).5. John persuaded me _(buy) a bike finally. 6. We found him _(watch) TV when we came 7. I think it interesting _(cycle) along the bank. 8. The offi
18、cer commanded his soldiers _(fire).9. The 15th National Book Fair made _ convenient to buy books.10. The farmer is teaching the boy _ to plant trees.Translations1. 我的妈妈给我带来了一些苹果。2. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。3. 她给她的宝宝取名为约翰。4. 医生建议他好好休息。5. 你能给我一些建议关于如何跟我的同学和睦相处吗？6. 我觉得跟他们做好朋友是很难的。Summary (句子成分)主语 放在句首，由名词、代词、动名词和不
19、定式充当谓语 跟在主语后面，由动词或动词短语充当表语 跟在系动词后面；由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。宾语 跟在及物动词和介词后面，由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或 wh-+to do sth 充当宾语补足语跟在宾语后面，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词充当定语 放在被修饰语之前或之后，修饰名词或代词，由形容词、名词、分词或不定式充当状语 句首、句中或句末，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，由副词或介词短语等充当4句子翻译1. 我要求他准时到达。2.老板命令他的秘书两天内完成这个计划.3. 网络使了解世界变得更容易.
20、4. 我觉得与朋友聚会很开心。基本句型 6：There be+ 主语1. 特点：用以表达存在关系，意为“某地有某物/某人”。而表示某人或某物拥有某物，要用“have”.1) 这条村庄有许多井。 There are many wells in the village.2) 他有一套卫斯理的科幻小说。 He has a series of science fiction written by Wei Sili.2. 在 there be 句型中，主语后的动词形式有三种：There is a purse _(lie) on the ground. There are ten people _(kil
21、l) in the accident.There are five soldiers _(attend) the meeting.句子改错1. There is about four thousand students in our school.2. There are much water in the bowl.3. There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.4. There are two boys are waiting for you.There be 句型的拓展句型：There live(s)/sta
22、nd(s)/lie(s)/exist(s)+主语 有 There has/have been+主语 “已有”There will be+主语 “将有” There used to be+主语 “过去曾经有”There must be+主语 “一定有” There happen to be+主语 “碰巧有”There seem(s)/appear(s) to be+主语 “好像有” There is/are likely to be+主语 “很有可能有”(1)灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。(2)战前这儿一直有家电影院的。(3)恰好那时房里没人。(4)我家门前有一条河。(5)Guangzhou，an
23、ancient city，with a cultural history of more than 2,200 years(有 2200 多年的文明历史), is developing rapidly too.There be 的高级句型1. There is no doubt that.毫无疑问Eg. There was no doubt that he was telling the truth，but his mother didnt believe him.2. There is some doubt whether.尚有疑问。Eg. There is some doubt wheth
24、er he can overcome the difficulty.3. There is no need to do sth.(It is unnecessary to do sth.)没必要做某事。Eg. There is no need to tell such bad news to her.4. There is no sense/point in doing sth.做没有意义。Eg. There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will come back.5. There is no use (in) do
25、ing sth.(It is useless to do sth.)做某事没用。Eg.There is no use (in) arguing with him about it again.6. There is no denying.(=It is impossible to deny)无可否认/抵赖。Eg. There is no denying the fact that Japan invaded China.7. There is no telling.(=It is impossible to tell)无法知道Eg. There is no telling who will win the game as both players are very excellent.2用 there be 结构的高级句型翻译下列句子 (1)现在不能预知未来会怎样。(2)毫无疑问，他是总经理的最佳人选。(3)不求甚解、死记硬背课文没有意义。5(4)你没必要跟他解释此事。(5)他能否接受你的帮助尚有疑问。(6)是发达国家造成了全球变暖这是不容否认的事实。
