1、奥赛班英语高中英语语法虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。这里主要谈谈虚拟语气，虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望，假设和虚拟的情况，用在非真实条件句中，表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望。动词的形式有以下几种变化：（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用 were） ”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.（2）
2、表示与过去的事实相反，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.（3）表示与将来事实相反，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / shoul
3、d/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）错综时间虚拟条件句：当非真实条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast.如果她以前训练没
4、有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑那么快。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） 。If he had died in the accident, he couldnt stand in front of you now.如果他在那次事故中死去，现在就不会站在你面前。以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句 主 句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 用 were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去
5、时或should(were to) + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形注意：有时候可省略 if,把助动词，情态动词或 be 动词提前,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.虚拟语气在从句的应用：1. 在 It is (high ) time tha
6、t 的句型中，that 从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气，但意指“ 未来” ，意思是“是的时候了” ，句中的“that ”可以省略。例如：It is high time they were taught a lesson .（该是教训他们的时候了） 。2. 在 If only 引导的感叹句中，也要用虚拟语气，谓语形式与非真实条件句的从句相同，意为“要是该多好啊！”或“ 但愿” 。例如：If only we hadnt miss the classes! (要是我们没有旷课多好啊！)。3. 虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或
7、状语从句中，用过去完成时 had done，表示对过去的虚拟；用一般过去时 did (were), 表示对现在和将来的虚拟，如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.4. 在下列主语从句中用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”。It is (was) important (necessary, natural, strange, urgent) thatIt is (was) suggested (desired, ordered, required
8、, commanded, requested) that例如：It is required that you (should) start before seven oclock.It is very important that one should master the skills of computer.5. 在某些动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should）+动词原形。常见的动词有： insist, order, demand, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, urge， recommend(推荐）等。
9、例如，We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.I required that he (should) come to my office.He insisted that you (should）be seated there.注意： 当 suggest 不表“建议” 而表 “暗示” 、 “表明”时，从句中的谓动不用虚拟语气。Her expression suggested (that）she was angry. 当 insist 表示“坚持认为” ，表坚持对已发生事情的看法时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。He insisted that
10、he hadnt stolen the money.6. 在某些同位语和表语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式(should)+动词原形。常见的名词 advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等。例如：Our English teacher gave advice that we should make good use of every chance to speak English. 7. 虚拟语气在 wish 引导的宾语从句中的运用 1）与现在事实相反：过去式 例如：I wish I knew the
11、boss. (我希望我认识老板。 )2）与过去事实相反： had +过去分词 I wish I had played basketball yesterday. (我希望我昨天打篮球了。)3）与将来事实相反： could / would / might + 动词原形I wish they would come here tonight. (我希望今天晚上他们会来这里。) 。此外，在 It is wished that 结构中和以 wish 作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气。例如：It is wished that it wouldnt rain tomorrow. (要是明
12、天不下雨多好啊！ )The wish that he wanted to be a teacher will come true. (他想当教师的愿望会实现的。)8. would rather + 从句的用法与 wish 相同，例如：I would rather that I hadnt made the mistakes. (我宁愿没有犯错误。)此外， 在含有 but for ,without ,otherwise 等词语的句子（即含蓄虚拟条件句）中，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词与非真实条件句的主句相同 。例如：Without the doctors help, the patients coul
13、dnt have recovered so quickly.(没有医生的帮助，这些病人不可能恢复的这么快) 。I wasnt here yesterday. Otherwise, I would have saved the child.(昨天我不在，否则我已经救了那孩子) 。But for your mothers help, we wouldnt have finished the work.要不是你妈妈帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。虚拟语气在高考中的应用：1一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
14、语从句中的虚拟形式。 3主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 此外，上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，完形填空常有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 Appreciating poemTo dream anything that you want to dream.Thats the beauty of human kind.To do
15、anything that you want to do.Thats the strength of human will.To trust yourself to test your limits.Thats the courage to succeed.梦想你想憧憬的一切，这是灵魂之美。做你想做的一切，这是意志之坚。相信自己，挑战极限，乃成功之必备的勇气。虚拟语气练习题精选1. If she had worked harder, she_.A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded2
16、. I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. If my lawyer_ here last Saturday, he_ me from going.A. had been, would have prevented B. had been would preventC. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented4. Without electricity human life_ quite different today.A. is
17、B. will be C. would have been D. would be5. If he_, he_ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken6. I told Sally how to get there, but perh
18、aps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out7. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it loo
19、ks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken9. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _so tired.A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven, wouldnt have got10. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B.
20、would be C. have been D. had been11. _it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will12. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie13. We could have gone there by bus.Yes,
21、otherwise we _ late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been14. The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished15. I wouldnt have succeeded_ for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it not C. had it been not
22、 D. had it not been16. If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbed B. were not could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. had not been, could climb奥赛班英语17. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been18.
23、 The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being19. If he had listened carefully, he _ the problem now.A. can work out B. could work outC. could have worked out D. can have worked out20. If only I _ as young as you are!A. being B.
24、am C. be D. were21. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /22. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq.A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for23. What should we do if it_tomorrow?A. should
25、snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow24. He _ the test, but he wasnt careful enough.A. could have passed B. were able to passC. must have passed D. might be able to pass25. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished26.
26、Mother suggested we _ TV before we have finished our homework.A. not watching B. not to watch C. didnt watch D. not watch27. The doctors words suggested that the old man _ seriously iii.A. be B. was C. were D. to be28. Our English teacher insisted that it _ important to study English well.A. be B. w
27、as C. is D. to he29. If you _ at school, you _ a college student now.A. had studied hard, would have beenB. should have studied hard, should have beenC. had studied hard, would beD. would study hard, must have been30. We could have walked to the station, it was so near.Yes. A taxi _at all necessary.
28、A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be31. A few minutes earlier and we _ the train.A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch32. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent33. She made the demand that
29、 she _ at once.A. leave B. leaves C. left D. to be left34. The young man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set35. I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must基础知识回顾与检测1. In order to chang
30、e attitudes _ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.A. about B. of C. towards D. at2. We all like to make friends with him because he always _.A. has words B. has a word C. keeps his word D. keeps his words3. It rained for two weeks, completely _ our holiday.A. ruined B. ruin C. to
31、 ruin D. ruining4. Tom, turn down the music. Why _ you make such a big noise while your baby sister is sleeping? A. must B. would C. should D. may5. We dont doubt _ the boy can _ the angry teacher.A. if; apologize for B. whether; apologize toC. that; apologize to D. what; apologize6. - Have we _ wat
32、er? - Yes. Wed better get some. A. run out B. run out of C. run into D. run across7. Dad, our teacher suggests _ widely to achieve progress in our writing.Its up to you to _ the decision.A. reading; make B. to read; make C. reading; making D. to read; making8. _ can you expect to get a pay rise. A.
33、Only with hard work B. Although work hard C. With hard work D. Now that he works hard9. Sport plays an important role in our lives. Some enjoy playing _others enjoy watching.A. as B. however C. while D. when10. It is high time that someone _ you how to behave yourself.A. taught B. teaches C. shall t
34、each D. will teach11. This classroom is _ that one.A. three times bigger as B. three times as bigC. three times the size of D. as three times big as 12. Jane _ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up13. _ of the land in that district
35、 _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are14. Dont try to _ any excuse, Alan. Tell me why you didnt come to school today.A. show up B. make up C. give up D. step up15. He was born in Beijing and _ by his grandma in a seaside village.A. bro
36、ught in B. brought out C. brought up D. brought back16. After the flood, there were hundreds of homeless people that needed _.A. rescued B. being rescued C. to rescue D. to be rescued17Do you have any on drunk driving?Aaccount Bcomment Csummary Dbelief18. I simply couldnt understand how it _ that yo
37、u did so much work within such a short timeAcame about Bcame back Ccame up Dcame along19The workers are working very hard _ they can finish their work ahead of timeAin order to Bso as to Cas if Dso that20His wife _him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen. A. advised B. persuaded C. suggested D. forc
38、ed21- He has been playing computer games these weeks.- Its no _ he didnt do well in the test this time.A. wonder B. matter C. surprise D. problem22They offered a lot of useful information for your report. I can understand how you must be feeling now .Awilling Bupset Cgrateful Dcurious23The governmen
39、t will _ the local villagers for their taking care of the young trees planted this spring.Areward Brecover Crescue Drequest24The large house, which is surrounded by trees and flowers, is what she wants.Adirectly Bexactly Cgradually Dextremely 25On entering my mother school, Im surprised at its great
40、 changes, especially the harmony (协调) of color, which _ its beauty.Aadds up Badds to Cadds in Dadds up to26We are asked to take detailed notes in class because they are more than our memory.Aactive Breliable Chonest Dstubborn 27Running from Gansu province to Hebei province, the Great Wall is _ as on
41、e of the eight wonders in the world.Acommanded Brealized Crecognized Dfound28More people are beginning to buy things through the Internet. Do you think shopping online will take the place of(代替) shopping in stores?Aespecially Bfrequently C finally Dproperly 29They _ laughing now and then while watch
42、ing one of Charlie Chaplins films.Aset down Bset out Cburst into Dburst out30Have you found she was upset recently? She was hurt by what you said.Im really sorry, but I didnt do it _.Aafter all Bon purpose Cby accident Das usual 31Mike is excellent in math, _, he didnt pass the final exam this time.
43、A. for example B. believe it or not C. as usual D. as a matter of fact 32He has made progress in his English, _ makes his father very happy.A. who B. that C. what D. which33. You may depend it wont happen again.A. that B. on that C. on it that D. on it34. He is as a leader but he hasnt in teaching.A
44、. success; many experiences B. a success; much experienceC. great success; an experience D. a great success; a lot of experiences35. Thank you for the trouble me with the work.A. having; helping B. taking; helping C. taking; to help D. having; to help36. Did you scold him for his mistake? Yes, but _
45、 it.A. Id rather not do B. Id better not doC. Id rather not have done D. Id better have not done37. It is _ waste of time for young men to devote themselves to playing computer games on _ Internet only for _ pleasure. A. /; the; / B. the; the; / C. a; the; a D. a; the; /38. I thought _ no use talkin
46、g with him. _ was a waste of time.A. thereThere B. itIt C. thereIt D. itThere39. Im thinking of losing weight these days.Oh, you be out of your mind. Youre 50 kilograms at the most!A. will B. should C. may D. must40. _ my finishing reading the novel, you shall have it immediately.A. On B. At C. For D. With41. -Why do you suggest Gulin?-I believe_ beauty of _ nature the
