1、- 1 -虚拟语气A 虚拟语气在条件句中1 条件从句和结果主句的动词形式 从句 主句与现在事实相反动词过去时（be 动词一般用were）would/should/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反had +过去分词 would/should/could/might + have +过去分词与将来事实相反1）动词过去时2）should+ 动词原形3）were to + 动词原形Would/should/could/might + 动词原形2 混合条件句：If you had worked harder, your English would be better.If I were
2、you, I would have gone to the cinema.3 省略 if 的条件从句结构：Were they here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should he join them in their discussion, they would be happy. 注意：但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式，如：Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.4 含蓄条件句1)
3、without 引导的短语代替 if 引导的条件句Without water, fish couldnt live. = If there were no water, fish couldnt live.Without your help, I would have been unemployed = If you hadnt helped me, I would have been unemployed.2) but for = if it were not for/ if it hadnt been forBut for the doctors skill, he would have
4、died.3) otherwise = if this didnt happen/ hadnt happenI got up very early; otherwise, I would have been late for school.4) supposing/ suppose = ifSupposing something should go wrong, what would you do?Suppose white were black, you might be right.5) 在简单句中：It would be a pity for you to miss this oppor
5、tunity. 6) 在并列句中：A minute more and she would have missed the train.B 虚拟语气应用于宾语从句1 虚拟语气在动词 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+ 动词原形 ”。We suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insist that they (should) go with us.The doctor ord
6、ered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.注意：当 suggest 作“暗示，使人联想起”解，以及 insist 作 “坚持认为”解时，后接宾语从句仍用直陈语气。His puzzled expression suggested that he didnt understand what the American meant.Madame Curie insisted that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.2 wish 后的宾语从句表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句
7、的谓语动词过去式; I wish it were spring all the year round.表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would(could)+动词原形”; I wish you could go with us.表示过去不能实现的愿望时，用“had+过去分词” 或“（could ）would+have+ 过去分词”。We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.注意:1)主句中 wish 的时态不影响从句的虚拟。He wished that his girl friend were there.2)在 hope，expect 后接的
8、宾语从句中的谓语动词须用直陈语气。I hope/ expect that my dream will come true. (可能实现)- 2 -I wish that my dream would come true.（不太可能实现）C 虚拟语气用于主语从句用“should+动词原形” 的结构，表示欣慰，遗憾，惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此不满等语气。It is necessary (natural, strange, important, essential, surprising, etc) thatIt is suggested (desired, requested, ordered,
9、 proposed, etc) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) thatIt is necessary that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity that you should be so careless.It will be desired that she should finish her homework this afternoonD 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句作 advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, su
10、ggestion, request 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气的结构“（should ）+ 动词原形。 ”例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.E 虚拟语气用于状语从句1）as if/ as though 引导的方式状语从句中，需要用虚拟语气，形式与 wish 后宾语从句中的谓语动词一致。He speaks English so fluently
11、as if he had studied English in England.注意，它们后面加上表语从句同样也需要用到虚拟语气： He looked as if he were an artist.如果从句中表达的是事实，则不用虚拟。It is getting dark. It looks as if it is going to rain.2) lest 引导的从句用“should + 动词原形”：He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his way there.F 虚拟语气用在简单句中虚拟语气可以用在 may 开头的句子中，表示祝愿，
12、也可以用在 long live 开头的句子中，表示强烈的愿望May you be happy! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!G 其他结构1）虚拟语气用于 if only 引导的感叹句中，表示一种假象情况， 意思是“要是就好了”。if only 相当与 wishIf only I had taken his advice. If only I were a bird.2）用在 it is ( high/ about) time that句型中，从句的谓语动词多用过去式。It is (high) time we
13、left. It is high time we were going.注意：注意与“This is the first/secondtime”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。3）用“would rather, would sooner”表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语多用过去式。I would rather you posted the letter right away. Id sooner you didnt tell me about that.Exercise I：1. If you _ (be) in my place, you would do the same thing.2
14、. If I had learned English well, I _ (be) able to talk with native speakers.3. I wish I _ (study) English when I was a boy.4. Without your advice, our meeting _ (not be) so successful.5. If he had had that operation two years ago, he _ (be) in better health now.6. I _ (can come) to your party, but I
15、 didnt have time.7. If she _ (come) tomorrow, I would tell her the news.8. If there _ (be) an earthquake tonight, what should we do?9. The captain ordered that all the women and children _ (get) into the lifeboats.10. It is proposed that the matter _ (discuss) fully.- 3 -11. It is required that ever
16、y bicycle rider, whoever he may be, _ (pay) tax at the beginning of each year.12. Teaching is more than giving students much knowledge as possible, and it is important that a teacher _ (teach) his students how to learn.13. When I made a suggestion that we _ (go) for an outing, the teacher smiled, wh
17、ich suggested that he _ (agree) with me.14. He looked rather pale, and therefore we insisted that he _ (be) seriously ill and that a doctor _ (send) for at once.15. She _ (fall) but I caught her.16. _ (be) he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.17. Its high time that he _ (teach) a le
18、sson.18. If only you _ (let) me know earlier.19. She studies very hard for fear that she _ (lag) behind.20. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _ (come) to the meeting.Exercise II：1. 如果这本书有趣的话，我早就看完了。2. 但愿那天我救了那个女孩。3. 那妇女好像母亲似的照顾那孤儿。4. 上星期日如果不下雨，我们就去公园了。5. 如果没有空气和水，什么生物都不能存在。6. 物理老师建议我们多做实验。7. 很
19、奇怪她居然拒绝这份报酬丰厚的工作。8. 他们坚持没有看见事故发生。9. 他谈起来好像真的到过希腊。10.婴孩的啼哭表明他还饿。- 4 -Exercise III：1. I was very bust that day, otherwise I _ in the discussion.A. took part B. would take part C. had taken part D. would have taken part2. Robert would rather _ yesterday.A. we didnt leave B. we dont leave C. we wouldnt
20、leave D. we hadnt left3. If you had taken your medicine yesterday, _ well now.A. you are B. you would have been C. you would be D. you were4. He would have left but that he _.A. is afraid B. was afraid C. has been afraid D. have been afraid5. I wish _ to study mathematics years ago.A. I could start
21、B. I can start C. I started D. I had started6. _ to bring a compass with them, they would get lost in the woods.A. If they forget B. If they will forget C. Should they forget D. If they had forgotten7. _ today, she would get there by Friday.A. If she leaves B. Was she to leave C. Were she to leave D
22、. Would she leave8. _ how important the task was, they wouldnt have refused to accept it.A. If they realized B. Had they realized C. If they hadnt realized D. If they realize9. They prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution.A. fully discuss B. be fully discussed C. is full discussed D.
23、would be fully discussed10. The lawyer asked that the case _ for one month.A. is postponed B. postpone C. be postponed D. would be postponed11. _ I will marry him all the same.A. He is rich or poor B. Whether he was rich or poor C. Be he rich or poor D. If he is rich or poor12. I would not put on ai
24、rs, _ l you.A. was B. am C. were D. be13. _ for the television, we couldnt see things happening in other places.A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. But for D. Werent it14. If only I _ then what I knew afterwards!A. know B. knew C. had known D. would know15. -Was he strict? -Yes. He requested that _
25、 television on week nights.A. we watch B. we dont watch C. we not watch D. we havent watched16. It is our wish that _ what he pleases.A. he does B. he will do C. he do D. he would do17. _ the dreams of the youth, this invention might have been postponed for a century.A. But that B. But for C. If it
26、were not for D. Despite18. His suggestion is that the sports meet _ till next month.A. puts off B. put off C. is put off D. be put off19. But that he has a family, _ England long ago.A. he left B. he would leave C. he would have left D. he had left20. Its appropriate that some time _ to thorough stu
27、dy of the results of the Apollo mission.A. devote B. is devoted C. are devoted D. be devoted21. It has been decided that the meeting _ till next Saturday.A. is postponed B. will be postponed C. postpone D. be postponed22. He talks as though _ where she was.A. he knows B. he know C. he knew D. he had
28、 known23. He looks as if _ a decent meal for a month.A. he had B. he didnt have C. he hadnt had D. he hasnt had24. Mary is working hard _ that he should fall behind.- 5 -A. lest B. for fear C. in case D. in orderAnswers : Exercise I: 1. were 2. would have been 3. had studied 4. wouldnt have been 5.
29、would be 6. could have come 7. should come 8. should be 9. (should) get 10. (should) be discussed 11. (should) pay 12. (should) teach 13. (should) go, agreed 14. was, (should) be sent 15. would have fallen 16. Be 17. taught 18. had let 19. should lag behind 20. would have comeExercise II:1. If the b
30、ook had been very interesting, I would have read it through.2. I wish I had saved the girl that day.3. The woman looks after the orphan as if she were her mother.4. If it hadnt rained last Sunday, we would have gone to the park.5. But for air and water, no living thing could exist.6. The physics tea
31、cher suggested we (should) do more experiments.7. It is strange that she should have turned down the well-paid job.8. They insisted that they didnt see the accident.9. He speaks as if he had really been to Greece.10. The babys cry suggested that he was still hungry.Exercise III:1-5 DDCBD 6-10 CCBBC 11-15 CCBCC 16-20 CBDCD 21-24 DCCB
