1、1规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped元 音 ： a e i o u 辅 音 ： b d g v r z n p m t c （ k g) f l s h j x重 读 闭 音 节
2、 法 ： 两 个 辅 音 间 夹 着 一 个 元 音 。4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把 y 变成 i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词的过去式构成：（1）把动词原形中的 i 改为 a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam（2）把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote（3）改动词原形中的 awow 为 ew，变成
3、过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词 show 除外，showshowed）（4）动词原形中的 e 改为 o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot（5）动词原形中的 ee 改为 e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet（6）动词原形中的 eep 改为 ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept（7）动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke（8）动词原形中的 ell 改为 old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold（9）动
4、词原形中的 an 改为 oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood（10）以 ought 和 aught 结尾的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught（11）以 ould 结尾的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould（12）把动词原形中的 o 改为 a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame（13）在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式。如：hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant
5、（14）动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readread（15）不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： 2am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语和宾补一、动词-ing 形式作表语 （表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如 be 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性
6、或状态。 ）1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词 ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, b
7、oring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。二、 动词-ing 形式作定语（在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语）1 单个的动词-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，
8、在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing 形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面 ,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing
9、south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（= Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing 形式作宾补（补充说明宾语）1、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 3面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, w
10、e found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词， （常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I
11、 felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词， （常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch 等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the teleph
12、one ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。练习：1.Can China rid the country of_(hungry). 2.All the _(equip) should be changed.3.The reporters said that they wanted_ _(free)of speech.4.I would rather you _(be) not here now.5.Li ming speaks English fluently as if he _ (be)an Engl
13、ishman.6.It was thanks _ _his advice that I succeeded.7.In my view, students should focus their attention _ study.8.The special strain of rice makes _ _possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.9.Dr. Yuan grows _ _is called “super hybrid“ rice.10.Miss lius holiday in Guangzho
14、u led to her_ _(marry) a man from New Zealand.11.I think it no use _ _(argue) with him.12.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ _(lose) her new bicycle, I think.13.While shopping , people sometimes cant help_ _(persuade)into buying things they dont really need.14.When we watched national flag_ _
15、(raise) in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer.15.To help him _ _(mean) delaying more than a week or so.16.After his death, the rest of his money _ _(give)to his son, which made the young boy very happy.417.It was in a shop nearby_ _ I bought my new handbag.18.The fine weather makes _ _possib
16、le for us to go for an outing next week.19.We got three times as many people_ _we had expected.20.It _ _(observe)that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.21.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ _(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.22.There is _ _“h“ in the wo
17、rd “hour“.23. This is not his fault. Make an _(apologize)to him.24. Children show great_ _(curious) in everything.25. What you said is _ _I want to do.26. I dont know _ _ he will come or not this afternoon.27. Recent pressure at work may account _ _ his strange behavior.28. How I look forward to_ _(
18、invite) to take part in his birthday party.29 He has met a lot of difficulties in his study and he doesnt know _ _he will solve them in such a short time.答案：It； equipment； freedom； were； were； to； on； hunger；what； as； arguing； Losing；being persuaded； raised； means； was given； that； it； marrying；was
19、observed； howan； apology； curiosity； what； whether； for； being invited； is working单项选择1. About 2000 people, _ were Europeans , worked on the project.A. a lot of them B. many of whomC. plenty of who D. a lot of which2. “ What _ it be? “It _ be a mail box , for it is moving . It _ be a car. “A. must m
20、usnt, can B. can, mustnt, mustC. can, cant, must D. may, cant, must3. “Hello! Is that Lizzy“ “Yes, _“a. speaking b. Im c. this is Lizzy d. Lizzy speakingA. Only c is right B. c and d are rightC. only b is wrong D. All are correct4. East of the mountain _ two small villages, _ my hometown.A. lies, on
21、e of which is B. lies, where liesC. lie, one of which D. are, that is 5. He didnt _ asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _.A. keep on , repairing B. keep, repaired5C. stop, repaired D. go on , repair6. How many provinces _ China _?A. does, make up of B. do make upC. is, made up of D
22、. are, made up of7. It was a great success that Bob Geldof _ all the pop stars to come and sing at one of the big concerts.A. tried to persuade B. tried to adviseC. managed D. persuaded8. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?“Not at all, _“A. Ive no time B. I wont pref
23、erC. Id like it D. Ill be happy to9. Seeing the sun _ above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.A. to rist B. to raise C. rising D. raising10. Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.“Well, you could have a word with the manager. He _ be helpful.“A. some, might
24、 B. some, may not C. a, might D. a, many11. You wouldnt mind stopping singing the song, would you? This means _.A. Please stop singing the song, will you?B. You would mind stopping singing the song, wouldnt you?C. Please sing us a song, will you?D. Do you mind if you go on singing the song?12. Its t
25、ime for harvest. The farmers are busy _ their farm work.They are busy _.A. with, ploughing and sowingB. in, to plough and sowC. /, with ploughing and sowingD. /, to plough and sow13. The wise lady looked to the right and to the left, _ which road to take.A. made sure B. making sureC. to make sure D.
26、 having made sure14. The girl _ to the concert yesterday is an excellent student in our department.A. with whom you went B. you went with herC. with who you went D. who you went with15. If all of you feel like _ cup of tea, do you feel like _ to the teahouse at thestreet corner.A. to have a, to go B
27、. a , to go C. having, going D. a, going16. We should plant more trees _ pollution is serious.A. in which B. where C. at which D. the place where17. Though they are old, they _ an active life.A. spend B. lead C. play D. keep18. The student had made _ that he was praised by the teacher.6A. such a gre
28、at progress B. so great a progressC. such great progress D. such great progresses19. The boss _ the workers to do extra work.A. hoped B. made C. kept D. forced20. Getting off the bus. I found my hand bag _.A. cut B. was disappeared C. losing D. being missed答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.A
