1、1代 词用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、物主代词，指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。考试要求：1、 人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法2、 不定代词的指代含义以及数的情况3、it 的基本用法一 、 人 称 代 词主格 I you he she it we you they宾格 me you him her it us you them二 、 物 主 代 词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+ 名词” ，相当于
2、名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。形物代 my your his her its our your their名物代 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs物主代词的用法：（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.（2）名词性物主代词作名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词 +名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。作主语：Richards school bag is blue and mine is black. 理查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。 （m
3、ine=my school bag）作表语：Its his. 这是他的（东西） 。作宾语：He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。 （作及物动词的宾语）“of+名词性物主代词 ”可以放在名词后,构成双重所有格。He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。注意：试比较下面两句句子：This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。 （照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）2This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。 （照片上是我本人）三 、
4、 反 身 代 词反身代词由 self/selves 构成。当主语和宾语所指的人或物相同时，通常用反身代词。常见的“动词+反身代词”的结构help oneself to behave oneself make oneself at home enjoy oneself单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves四 、 指 示 代 词this that these those such same 注意：1） this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here 连用；that
5、、 those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与 there 连用。2） 打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3） such 作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把 such 置于不定冠词之前 。4） 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。五 、 疑 问 代 词1Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3Whose 用于明确所有者。hom 在口语中，多为 who 代替。六 、 不 定 代 词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不
6、定代词。1) one, it, that 2) some, any 3) each, every 4) none, no one 5) few, a few, little, a little6) other, another 7) all, both 8) neither, either1) one 与 itA: Are you still using your old car?B: No, I sold it the other day.A: Ive just bought a new car.B: Im going to buy one next week.用于指物时， it 指名称相同
7、的同一物，one 指名称相同的另一物，或上面提到的那一类人或物中的一个。2) that, the one 与 one3特指名词 that/the one(单数)，the ones/those(复数)泛指名词 one(单数 )，ones(复数)不可数名词 thatI prefer the weather of Shanghai to of Beijing.She preferred the seat here to near the window.My shoes are similar to you had on yesterday.I prefer a small house in a sm
8、all town to in a large city.A desk made of wood costs less than made of steel.There was one long writing-table and two small .3) it 与 thatThe climate of my native town is mild; I like it very much.The climate of my native town is not so warm as that of Fujian.相同之处：两者所代表的名词均为特指不同之处：it 同一物；that 同一类，并非
9、同一物七 、 it 的 用 法（一）作无人称代词1. 指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如：It rains continually in the south in June.It is a half hours walk to the factory.2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如：Where is my notebook? It was here just now.There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如：The baby cried because it
10、 was hungry.Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?（二）用作强调句，构成强调结构句型结构：It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如：It was last night that they left for H.K.It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.（三）it 作形式主语和形式宾语it 作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如：I found it interesting to study English.It is
11、of great help to master a foreign language.例题分析例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.4A. others B. the other C. either D. another【解析】 根据上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用the other。这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。例 2、Shanghai is really a fasci
12、nating city and weve decided to stay for_ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. others【解析】 another 意为“ 又一，再一 ”，后面如接 two, three 等数词或 few 等时，可与复数形式连用，我们可以把 two weeks 看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再待两星期。而 other，the other 用于两者之间的另一个，others 是 other 的所有格形式，故B、C、D 都不可选。例 3、The Parkers bought a new house but_ will
13、 need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which【解析】 it 指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指 a new house；而one 指“同名异物”；which 引导定语从句，但题干中有连词 but，并非主从句，which不妥；A 为复数，更易排除。例 4、In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. this B. that C. there D. it【解
14、析】 it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是 to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在 fact 的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，而选了 that。而实际上，in fact 是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。例 5、Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest【解析】 wheat 是不可数名词，不能用 ot
15、hers 代替。the rest 既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指 the rest of the wheat。例 6、If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be?A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses【解析】 考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人 ”，用于主格，宾格。who elses“其他什么人” ，用于所有格。 例 7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.A. th
16、e other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white【解析】 木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查onethe other 结构，由此排除 B、D；原句结构为“the other(should be painted)white，为避免重复可省略。例 8、He was nearly drowned once. 5When was _ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that; It B. this; This C. thi
17、s; It D. that; This【解析】 用 that 指代上文提到的事，避免了重复； it 指代时间。例 9、Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like_?A. it B. some C. this D. little【解析】 some 相当于 some of this coffee.例 10、Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B. any C. that D. those【解析】 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣
18、能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。 ”that 在句子中代表 the pleasure。一些考生只注意到 Few pleasures 是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了 those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。 练习1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _.A. anyone B. anyone else
19、 C. no one D. no one else3. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had.A. it B. one C. himself D. another5. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked w
20、ith him.A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than6. You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _ couldnt spare me even one minute.A. they B. one C. who D. it8. One wee
21、ks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything9. If you run after two hares, you will catch _.A. none B. neither C. nothing D. no one10. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got _ to talk to.A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. on
22、one611. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?Athe rest Bthe other Canother Dthe others12. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _ way as you please.AEach BEvery CAny DEither13. You must never think that you are good at _while others are good at _A. everyth
23、ing something else B. everythingnothingC. allnone D. nothing all14. Do you like _ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. this B. these C. that D. it15. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ he s done for you.A. something B. anything C. all
24、D. that16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both17. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 18. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countrie
25、s are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _ .A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers20. My mother opened _of the drawers in turn, trying to decide what he was going to put in _of them .A. everyeach B. everyone ever
26、y C. every one everyone D. each each 21. He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. thatIt B. thisThis C. thisIt D. that.This22. Youre always working. Come on. Lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. Tha
27、t23. Do you want tea or coffee?_. I really dont mind.7A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither24. Some students will remember these terms as the most successful _in the history of our school.A. ones B. ones C. one D. ones 25. This new rule may please some, but we dont expect it to please _.A. more B. ot
28、her C. all D. any26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give way to _A. another B. other C. the other D. any other27. _ who laughs last laughs best.A. He B. One C. That D. Those28. Children should be taught how to get along with _A. another B. other C. others D. an
29、other29. These plants are watered _.A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days30. Would you like some wine?Yes, just _.A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit31. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt helpA. he B. which C. s
30、he D. it32. Is your camera like Bills and Anns ?No, but its almost the same as _.A. her B. yours C. them D. their33. Have you finished your report yet?No, Ill finish in _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.A. it B. those C. the
31、m D. one35. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries.A. someany B. othersome C. someother D. otherother37. It i
32、s generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever38. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ day is possible.8A. either B. neither C. some D. any39. If you want to change for a double room you ll have to pay _$15.A. another B. other
33、 C. more D. each40. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which41. My brothers handwriting is better than _in his class.A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. anyones else D. anyones elses42. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has
34、_ of the trouble of takingbuses.A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither43. Both teams were in hard training, _ was willing to lose the game.A. either B. neither C. another D. the other44. His camera is more expensive than _.A. hers B. her C. it D. its45. _ of my classmates could work out the maths pro
35、blem because it was too difficult.A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None46. _ have worked together for 10 years.A. I, you and he B. I, he and you C. He, your and I D. You, he and I47. The machines made in China are as good as _ imported from abroad.A. they B. those C. these D. ones48. Listen to _. There s
36、hould be no error, no delay, and no waste.A. that B. this C. those D. these49. _ of them promised to help me.A. Every one B. Everyone C. Every D. Everybody50. She thought _ a great honour to be invited to speak to us.A. that B. this C. it D. it is阅读理解1.先通读，后细读阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。首先要快速浏览全文，这一点非常重要。
37、因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。如果我们了解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的结构模式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。一篇文章无论长短，要做到一口气读下来。对于生词，只要不妨碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。如果我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完整的体系读破了，9有碍于对文章整体的理解。在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子结构，从而更准确地把握文章的具体内容。Passage AAn old friend from California called
38、from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggeste
39、d that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱 ).Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice.
40、When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all thi
41、s in great surprise. There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbors house!根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1. An old friend of mine called _.A. to tell me to meet him at the airport B. to tell me about his arrival C. to ask me to leave the office D. to as
42、k me to make plans for his arrival2. My friend climbed into the room because _ .A. there was an apple tree outside B. the living room window was left openC. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadnt found the key3. My friend telephoned me two hours later _ .A. from my home B. at the airport C.
43、in his office D. from my neighbors house难句注释 I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。 I listened to all this in great surprise. 我很吃惊地听着这一切。in surprise 意为“ 吃惊地” 。 Passage BIf you know me well, you know I dont like birthday
44、parties. At least, I dont like birthday parties given for me. I enjoy them when theyre for other people, 10but when theyre for me, I just dont like them.I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry th
45、at I didnt want a party and I made him promise he wouldnt do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I dont know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to
46、 close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female(女) voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.They had got my roomma
47、tes key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.B. I dislike birthday parties held for me.C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.2. I usually went into the _ when I got home fro
