1、西工大岳峰英语- 1 非谓语动词复习策略（一）动词不定式【基本概念】对英语动词的基本认识时态 （按高考要求共九十个时态）谓语动词 语态 （主动语态和被动语态）语气 （陈述语气和虚拟语气）动词 主谓一致动词不定式( to do ) 非谓语动词 分词 （现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）动名词 ( doing ) 非谓语动词是指不能充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。非谓语动词的基本形式及其语法功能非谓语动词时态和语态的形式（以动词 do 为例）动词不定式 动名词/现在分词 过去分词一般式 to do doing一般式被动式to b
2、e done being done完成式 to have done having done完成被动式 to have been done having been done进行式 to be doingdone 及物动词的过去式既表示被动又表示完成；个别的过去分词（多数为不及物动词）并不表示被动的意思，只表示完成。非谓语动词的语法功能具有哪些词性的部分特征 可充当的句子成分名词 形容词 副词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语不定式 动名词 分 词 非谓语动词（一）动词不定式考查热点【基本概念】不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状
3、语和宾语补足语。使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to ”，少数情况不用“to ”。一、考查动词不定式（短语）的句法功能一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时将来完成时 完成进行时西工大岳峰英语- 2 1.不定式做主语。动词不定式可以作句子的主语，这时谓语动词用单数。若不定式主语较长，常用 it 来代替它作形式主语，而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后，以免句子结构头重脚轻。如： 1. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not
4、 decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 2. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cold sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes 动词不定式作主语时，it 为形式主语的常见句型有： It is easy /difficult/hard /important/right/ wrong/ possible/ necessary, /foolish/ kind.to do. It
5、 is a pleasure /pity/ pleasant thing/ an honour.to do. It takes (sb.) some time to do. 2.不定式做宾语。有些及物动词常跟动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有：like, want, try, wish, begin, decide, ask , forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse 等。如： 3. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to
6、sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 4. Theyre not very good, but we like _. A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball anyway 有些动词后面跟复合宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正宾语 不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。这类动
7、词常见的有 find(发现)，think( 认为)，consider(认为)，feel(觉得)，make( 使得)等。如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思觉得研究俄国形势很重要。3.不定式做表语作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容，句子的主语通常是hope, idea, job, mistake, plan, suggestion, wish, work, aim, purpose, thing, business 等。如： 5. The purpose of new technologies is to
8、make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make 4.不定式做定语不定式（短语）作定语要放在所修饰的名词/代词后面，他们之间常存在如下关系： 主谓关系 , 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑主语。如： She was the first person to think of the idea.她第一个想到这个注意。 动宾关系 , 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如： 6. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss
9、 which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词/代词的内容。如： I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.我想得到去国外进修的机会。 5.不定式做状语西工大岳峰英语- 3 不定式作状语用来修饰动词，表示目的、结果、原因等。 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语，有时在形式上与结果状语一样。但是位于句首的一定是目的状语，位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语，这要根据上下文来判断。如： 7. _ mo
10、re about senior three courses, call (029) 88231608. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out 8. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have 9. He hurried to the station only _ that
11、 the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 有时为了强调，还可以在不定式前加 in order (to)或 so as (to), in order (to)可以用于句首或句末,so as (to)不能用于句首In order to search for gold, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子很多人去了加利福尼亚。 10. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to
12、 B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常见于 too.to, enough to 等句式中。如： This meeting room is too small for over fifty people to hold a meeting in. The ice is thick enough to walk on. 冰够厚了可以在上面行走。 only to do 是不定式做结果状语的典型用法，这种“ 结果”往往是预想不到的。Yesterday I went to see him only to find
13、he had been away on business.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.作原因状语 不定式作原因状语主要用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后面。如： She seemed surprised to meet us. 他遇见我们,似乎有点惊讶。 I am very sorry to hear your mother is ill.听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。 6.不定式做宾语补足语不定式可与名词或代词构成复合宾语，这时不定式作宾语补足语。此情况分以下三种： 带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 要求这种结构
14、的动词主要有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, force, invite, like, love, teach, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want 等。如： 11. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 不带 to 的不定式作宾语
15、补足语 常用于这种结构的动词有：“我看三室两厅一感觉” 动词 五看 see, look at, watch, notice, observe, 三使 have, make, let; 西工大岳峰英语- 4 两听 hear,listen to;一感觉 feel.后做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态时必须用 do；改为被动语态又必须用 to 。12. As youve never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 在 help 后既可带 to 也可不带 to
16、。如： Will you help me (to) plant these trees, please?你愿意帮我种这些树吗？ 当含有复合宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 这时，原来不带 to 的不定式要加上 to。如： 12. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused 13.
17、 Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 7.不定式做插入语，修饰全句To tell the truth ,I have got no money on me . To be honest, I know nothing about it.【高考热点】二、考查动词不定式的否定式 动词不定式的否定式是在不定式前加
18、 not 或 never。如： 15. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 16. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking 三、考查动词不定式的时态形式 不定式一般有
19、三种时态形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。 （一）不定式的一般式 在很多情况下，不定式的一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后。如： 17. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 不定式的一般式有时表示不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生。如： We listened her play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听她用钢琴弹奏的肖邦的曲子。 （二）不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发
20、生时，它的动作正在进行。如： He pretended to be listening attentively. 他假装在认真听。 (三) 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： 18. You were silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 西工大岳峰英语- 5 4、考查动词不定式的被动态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,一般需用被动语态。不定式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。 （一）不定式被动态的一般式 不定式被动态的一般式表示被动意义
21、，它的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如： 19. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be t
22、old C. telling D. told (二）不定式被动语态的完成式 不定式被动语态的完成式表示被动意义，而且它的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： 21. He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated 五、考查动词不定式的复合结构的用法 “for+名词/代词宾格+ 不定式”构成不定式复合结构。这里的 for 本身无
23、意义，名词/ 代词宾格是不定式的逻辑主语，说明不定式的动作执行者。如： Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. 有时也可在形容词后用复合结构“of+sb.+不定式”。常可这样用的形容词有 kind, good, bad, right, wrong, clever, foolish, stupid 等。这些形容词既能表示不定式动作的性质，又可体现人的特点。在此结构中, sb.与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系;无此关系时,要用 for。如： 22. It was foolish _ yo
24、u to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. fromIts wrong of the other children to make fun of you. (=The other children are wrong to make fun of you.) It is necessary for you to work hard.(You are necessary to work hard.) 六、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法 疑问代词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, wher
25、e, how, why 以及连词 whether 等与不定式构成的短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： 23. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect 24. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses to make C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses
26、 to be made 七、考查动词不定式在某些句式或结构中的用法 不定式常可用于 used to do sth., would rather do.than do, cant choose but do, cant help but do, prefer to do.than (to) do , happen to do 等固定结构中。如： 25. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September. 西工大岳峰英语- 6 A. to be heard B.to be hea
27、ring C.to hear D. to have heard 26. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. Admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 八、考查动词不定式的省略 在口语中，如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，后面常用不定式符号 to 替代动词及其后续部分。如： Will you join us in the discussion? Ill be glad to.Would you like to go shopping with me
28、? I prefer not to.在 used to 、be going to 、 mean to 、 ought to 、 try to 、 plan to 等结构中，当不定式省略时，to 常都保留。 当两个或多个带 to 的不定式由并列连词 and 或 or 连接在一起时，第二个及其后的不定式符号 to 常可省略。The teacher asked the students to read over the text carefully and (to) put down the important points (or) put forward questions if there i
29、s any. 但如果两者有对比关系，则在每个不定式前面加 to： They didnt tell me whether to go on or to stop.27. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 28. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother tol
30、d him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not it 九、考查“名词/代词+不定式”构成的独立结构的用法 “名词/代词 +不定式”构成的独立结构在句中常作状语。如： 29. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 动词不定式测试( ) 1. She pretended _ to me, so she mended my socks.A. to be friendl
31、y B. to be friend C. being friendly D. being friendship.( ) 2. It happened to _ when I got there.A. rain B. raining C. be raining D. rained( ) 3. They seemed _ to the radio at seven yesterday morning.A. being listen B. to be listening C. to listening D. listening( ) 4. How he expects _ his parents s
32、oon.A. seeing B. seen C. saw D. to see( ) 5. -Why did you get up so early this morning? -I wouldnt like _ late again.A. to be caught being B. to be catching being C. to catch being D. to be caught( ) 6. She spoke too quickly _ .A. to understand B. to be understood C. not to understand D. not to be u
33、nderstood( ) 7. He seems _ here for three years.A. to be living B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to live西工大岳峰英语- 7 ( ) 8. Tom pretended _ it, but, in fact , he knew it very well.A. not listen to B. not to hear about C. not to have heard about D. to be not listening to( ) 9. _ No. 1 in the c
34、oming game, they have been keeping on _ hard many hours a day.A. To be; training B. Being; to train C. In order to be; to train D. So as to be; training( )10. To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to have broke
35、n( )11. It is not always easy _ invitations.A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused( )12. It is clear to all the Chinese people why _ out the reform and the open policy(政策). A. to carry B. carrying C. carry D. be carries( ) 13. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Le
36、arning C. To learning D. Being learned( )14. To see is _.A. believe B. believing C. to believe D. to have seen( )15. As we know, the meeting _ this afternoon.A. will hold B. is to be held C. is being held D. is to hold( )16. - How are you going to the station, on foot or by bus.- I _ there, for ther
37、e is quite some time to go. A. prefer to take a bus B. wouldnt like taking a bus C. dont feel like walking D. would prefer to walk( )17. It is careless _ the same mistake in your composition.A. for you to make B. for you making C. of you to make D. of you making( )18. The lost girl desired nothing b
38、ut _ home. A. to go B. going C. go D. went( )19. There seemed to be nothing else to do but _ a doctor.A. to call on B. call for C. send for D. to send( )20. I had nothing _ but _ , for it was too noisy for me to go to sleep.A. to do; to sit up B. to do; sit up C. do; to sit up D. to do; sitting up(
39、)21. After having finished the work, he wanted nothing except _. A. having a deep sleep B. to have a deep sleep C. a deep sleep D. have a deep sleep( )22. Mary did nothing except _ to the wall.A. smile B. to smile C. smiling D. smiled( )23. She didnt know whether to keep these letters or _. A. if sh
40、e should throw them away B. throwing them away C. to throw them away D. throw them away( )24. I first considered _ to him, but then I decided _ him.A. writing; how seeing B. to write; when to see C. writing; when to see D. to write; where seeing( )25. Have you been told _?A. when to start B. when wi
41、ll we start C. when start D. to start when西工大岳峰英语- 8 ( )26. The manager has told the workers _ next week.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. to do( )27. I am very sorry _ that. I didnt do it on purpose.A. doing B. to do C. having done D. to have done( )28. He was afraid _ the yard because h
42、e was afraid _ by the big dog _at the gate.A. to enter; to be bitten; lay B. of entering; to be bitten; layC. of entering; to be bitten; laying D. to enter; of being bitten; lying( )29. I know him _ a good football player while in college.A. to have be B. to be C. was D. had been( )30. With a lot of
43、 difficult problems _, the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks. A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled( )31. The man was made_ a woman he didnt love at all.A. to marry B. marry C. to marry with D. marry with( )32. Mr. White is a worker but he has a large family _. A. to support B. fo
44、r supporting C. support D. to be supporting( )33. Im leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. Have you anything _ there?A. taking B. being taken C. to take D. to be taken( )34. Attention please, I have something important _. A. say B. to say C. said D. to speak( )35. The captain was the last one _ the _ship.A
45、. leaving; sinking B. to leave; sinking C. left; sunk D. to leave; sunk( )36. Could you help me find a hotel _? A. to stay B. to stay at C. staying D. staying at( )37. Have you got any ink _?A. to write B. to write by C. to write with D. to write in( )38. Id like the man you referred _ help me.A. /
46、B. to C. so to D. to to ( )39. The little girl was _ nervous _ a word.A. too; to say B. very; to speak C. so; to talk D. such; to tell( )40. Mr Smith is _ kind _ help his comrades in their work.A. too; to B. very; to C. enough; to D. so; /( )41. The city government must take action _ the increasing population.A. to control B. controlling C. controls D. controlled( )42. To make more progress, _. A. one must work hard B. working heard is neededC. what you need is
