1、第 1 页 共 7 页高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语在句中使用，介词短语由介 词+宾语构成，在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during 等aboutbe about to 即将做What/How about ? 怎么样for交换： He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.达到某一数值：She wrot
2、e a check for 20.赞成，拥护：Im for getting up early and going to bed early.固定搭配：for one thing 首先for example 例如for ever 永远for the time being 暂时，目前for instance 例如for free 免费for the first time 第一次for sale 出售，待售watch out for 警惕long for 渴望for ones good 为（某人）好with和一起:：He is playing table tennis with Tom.用工具：Do
3、nt write with a pencil.随着：The weather changes with seasons.带有，具有：Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.行为方式：Handle with care！原因：She shivered with cold.注意：with 的复合结构 ：常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉。He came in with a book in his han
4、d. (prep.)他手里拿着本书进来了。She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）这么多人看着她，她感到害怕。With everything bought, he left the market. (done)买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场。With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .(to do)由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步。第 2 页 共 7 页He left his room with the light on. (adv.)他离开了房间，灯亮着。by用
5、于被动结构：This book was written by Lu Xun.表地点， “靠近，在的旁边”：There is a pumping station by the river.表时间， “在之前，不迟于”： You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.表方法、手段：You will make progress only by studying hard.途径： He entered by the back door.表示按某物标准或单位：The company paid me by the hour.根据，按照：Dont judge a pe
6、rson by his appearance.触及，持住某人的身体或衣物：I took the boy by the hand.表增减程度： He missed the target by an inch.固定搭配： little by little 逐渐地stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地one by one 一个一个地by mistake 由疏忽所至by no means 决不by accident 偶然by chance 偶然，碰巧by oneself 独自by and by 不久以后by far 得多，最to趋于，倾向（某种情况，性质等） ，至某种状态： I was mo
7、ved to tears.到（地点）：Last week her aunt came to Shanghai.给：I often write to my uncle.差（时间）：It is ten to eleven.比： The score is 2 to 1.伴随：He danced to the music.他随着音乐跳舞。固定搭配: to ones delight =to the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是to ones joy = to the joy of sb. 使某人高兴的是to ones sorrow=to the sorrow of sb. 使某人悲伤的是
8、to ones astonishment =to the astonishment of sb. 使某人大吃一惊的是to ones surprise =to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是off离, 从离开：It is an island off the coast of France.through通过， “从一边进，从另一边出”：She pushed her way through the crowd.由于：The war was lost through bad organization.从头至尾，由始至终：I read through the book.各处：W
9、e traveled through France.第 3 页 共 7 页beyond表示位置在那一边，超出（范围、限度）：My home is beyond the bridge.This is beyond my comprehension.The fruit was beyond my reach.against反对，违背：We are against waste.靠着，倚： I sat against the wall.以为背景，衬托： The picture looks good against that light wall.防御：We are all taking medicin
10、e against the disease.我们大家都在吃药预防那种病。与相反，逆着： We sailed against the wind.at在 （表空间、地点）：I dont know the man standing at the gate.在时刻（表时间）：We usually go to work at two in the afternoon.以（速度、价格）：They sold their beef at a high price.处于状态，从事于： The two countries were at war.表示目标，意为“朝，对”：We had a heated argum
11、ent and shouted at each other.与有情感的词语连用（如 angry, delighted, glad, happy, sad, disappointed, shocked, excited 等）表示产生这些感情的原因， “因为，对于”：I was surprised at the news.We were in deep sorrow at his death.Im glad at hearing your return home from Canada.His parents were disappointed at his losing the chance t
12、o university.固定搭配：at the latest 最迟at sea 在海上，在航海at once 马上at most 至多at least 至少at first 起初，开始的时候at present 目前at one time 曾经at a time 一次at breakfast 吃早餐时at the same time 同时at stake 在胜败关头，冒风险over超过：There are over twenty girl s in our class.遍于：I have traveled all over Europe.在上方（与 under 相反）： There is a
13、 bridge over the river.越过(尤指先往上再往下 )：He jumped over the wall.在期间： Will you be at home over Christmas?通过： I dont want to say it over the telephone.第 4 页 共 7 页在上面盖着：He put the newspaper over his face.in在方面：Your success in the examination depends upon your efforts now.用语言： He wrote a letter in English.
14、表示计算或度量的标准， “用，以”：The energy is measured in calories.在之内（表时间或空间）：The work was completed in two weeks.过后（时间）:It will be ready in a week.穿、戴：He is in a silk shirt.表状态：He was in poor health.The room is in a mess.表示原材料：The letter was written in ink.固定搭配：in public 公开地in order to 为了in no time 立刻in common
15、共同，共用in all 总共in fact 实际上in the end 最后，终于in the distance 在远处in a low voice 低声地in a word 总之in other words 换句话说in modern times 现代，近代in place 在适当的地方in general 一般说来in the past 在过去in this way 用这种方法in return 作为回报in short 简言之in the open air 在户外take pride in 以自豪take part in 参加play a part in 在方面起作用in the for
16、m of 以形式in sight 在视力范围之内，看得见in case 万一in the name of 以名义in detail 详细地on在的表面上：There are two maps on the wall.在 的时候（某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上） ，表具体或特殊的日子：On the morning of November 12, 1939, Dr. Bethune breathed his last.有关，论及：I have written an article on the importance of birth control.第 5 页 共 7 页在河畔，沿着：London
17、is on the Thames.是的一员：My classmate is on China Daily.固定搭配：on doing sth. 一就on leav e 休假on purpose 故意on holiday 度假on the whole 总的来说on fire 着火on ones own 独自，单独o n strike 罢工on the left/right 在左/右边on the contrary 相反地on sale 出售/减价on average 平均on the air （无线电/电视）播送on board 在车 /船/飞机上call on sb. 拜访某人on behal
18、f of 代表On (hearing). 一（听到）就of和某一动词连用表示“想到” ， “谈到”：He began to talk of his hometown.表示所属关系：He is a worker of the Beijing.fromfrom among(从当中 )，from behind （从后面） ，from under (从下面)，at about (在大约左右)，after about(在大约之后) ，from across(从的对岸)，from above(从上方) 等I took a ball from under the table. 我从桌底拿出一个球。易错点点拨
19、： 1in 与 withinin 后接表示时间长度的名词，可以与将来时或过去时连用。如果它与将来时连用，则常表示“过一段时间之后” ；如果与非将来时连用，常表示“在之内” 。The train will arrive in fifteen minutes. 火车还有十五分钟就到了。within 后接表示时间长度的名词，表示在这一范围之内， “不超过，不到”某一段时间。可以同将来时和过去时连用，比 in 更正式。I shall be back within three weeks. 我三周之内回来。2in 和 afterin 后接一段时间，after 接某一点的时间，均可用于将来时。in 不可以
20、接表示某一点的时间名词，而 after 如果在过去时的句子中可以加一段的时间名词，表示从过去某一时间算起，in 加一段时间指从现在的时间算起。Ill come back in an hour.我要在一小时后回来。 ( in an hour 为一段时间 )Ill come back after three oclock.我要在三点钟之后回来。 （ three oclock 为时间点 ）第 6 页 共 7 页3through , across 和 over它们都可用作介词，与动词连用，表示“通过，穿过” 。但 across 强调在某一物体平面上运动，与 on 有关，侧重横贯式横向通过；throug
21、h 强调运动在某一物体的三维空间（内部）进行，与 in 有关，侧重在空间穿过；over 是从某物体上方越过，或在高形物上穿过，当表示在某一长形物的另一边时用法同 across.Then we took off and flew over the mountain.随后我们起飞了，飞过高山。The road runs through the village.这条路穿过这村子。They walked across the square.他们走过广场。4besides 和 except, butbesides “除之外，还有” ，表示附加意义；except “除了，不包括” ，常与表示全肯定或全部否
22、定的词连用，表示整体中除去例外，即整体中不再包括除去部分。but 意义与 except 相同，但语气较 except 弱；使用 except 的限制较少，而使用 but 则有许多限制，but 只能用在 none, all, nobody, anybody, everything, everyone,以及 who, what, where 之后。We all went to the party besides Tom.除了汤姆参加了晚会，我们也去了 。We all went to the party except /but Tom. 除了汤姆没去晚会，我们都去了。Who but/except a
23、 fool would do such a thing?除了傻瓜，有谁会做这样的事情呢？5except 和 except forexcept 是从一组东西中排除其特殊一个或几个，except for 则是以保留的方式对整个句子内容进行修正，也就是说，如果两部分所用的词或词组所表示的并非同一类事，而它们之间又是所属关系，句子后半部对前半部所说的基本情况在细节上加以修正，就要用except for。except 只用于句中、句末，不用于句首。 Except for 可用于句首。I looked everywhere except in th e bathroom.除了浴室之外，我到处都看了。He
24、is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。6It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth./ It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.如果句型中的形容词描述的是 sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作 sb.的表语，则 sb.前应用介词 of，否则就用 for。Its necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。It was foolish of him to give
25、up t he job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。 （= He was foolish to give up the job.）7. between 和 amongbetween 一般表示在两者之间，也可表示在两个以上的人或物的两者之间。among 用于三者以上，常指数目不确定的事物，还可用于最高级=one of虽然 between 和 among 都可表示在两者以上之间，但 among 用于不分别看待的一堆或一群人或物之间，between 强调把两者以上各个个体分别看待，而且这些人或物为数不第 7 页 共 7 页多，彼此界限分明,强调每两者之间的关系。Distribute the books a
26、mong the students.把书发给学生。 （有一群学生）The speaker referred to the relations between the three countries.发言的人提到了这三个国家之间的关系。 （这三个国家之间的每两者间的关系）China is among the olde st countries in the world.中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。 （a mong =one of）8. by, in 和 withby 表示方法、手段, 交通工具；in 表示原料、语言等；with 表示用工具和五官等I write with my right hand.我用右手写字。 （五官）The article was written in ink.这篇文章是用钢笔写的。 （in ink 表示原料=with a pen 表示工具）
