1、教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！1金牌教练 助力一生学科教师辅导教案中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！2优学教育学科教师辅导教案讲义编号 lxh-gj 008 学员编号：yx5-gj026 年 级：高三 课时数：1 课时学员姓名：苟杰 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：李晓慧课 题 高考英语语法精讲虚拟语气精讲与练习 授课日期及时段 2013 年 1 月 2 日 教学目的1. 掌握虚拟语气的概念2. 熟练运用各种从句中的虚拟语气3. 熟练运用第三大语气教学内容高考英语语法精讲虚拟语气专题复习一. 简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不
2、一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。二. 应用条件虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。 在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不
3、是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真 eg . If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）If there were
4、 no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！152、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时 +其他+ 主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：
5、不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +
6、其他+ 主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 if+ 主语+were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+
7、do+其他 if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 if+主语+should+do+sth.+ 主语 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不
8、能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，“should动词原形“构成，should 可省略。 4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I
9、would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去
10、问候她了。 从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were,
11、should, had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表
12、示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without., but for.等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！16We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have te
13、lephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事
14、实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你 ) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词） eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） c 、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） ( 注：if
15、only 和 as if/as though 也有相同用法）2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1.在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2、在 so that, in order that 所引
16、导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。3、虚拟语气的其他用法1、一想要(desire) 二宁愿(prefer) 三命令(order. command)
17、四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“ 动词原形 ”。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice He ordered
18、 that we (should) take the teachers advice 注：insist 如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:neces
19、sary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型：It is.that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。 2、 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not kn
20、ow what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在 whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如： We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都
21、要按时完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I will wait for 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！17him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如： You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄
22、傲 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 4、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： 表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构 过去 had + 过去分词； 现在 过去时(be 用 were ) 将来 过去时 (be 用 were ) 如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你
23、昨天看过了这场电影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿 5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is
24、high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 6、 简单句中的虚拟语气 （1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如： Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。 （2） 表示“祝愿”时，常
25、用“may + 主语+ 动词原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。 （3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 （4） 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 (1) 提出请求或邀请。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ Co
26、uld I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？ (2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如： I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 (3) 提出劝告或建议。如： Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 (4) 提出问题。如： Do you think he could get he
27、re on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ (5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如： You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。 虚拟语气用法详解一、 条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能
28、获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be 用 were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！18过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件
29、句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you w
30、ell. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词 be 时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it
31、were 中，只能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校
32、学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了(from )。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！19If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候
33、她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had 等词置于句首
34、。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from )。(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：I would have come to see
35、you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this ex
36、am. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。中小学 1 对 1
37、 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！20He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from )：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter caref
38、ully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及时华佗再世也就不了他。
39、(2) 在 whatever， whichever，whenever ，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来 )。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no m
40、atter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from )。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。(3) 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中
41、，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！143. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构发
42、生在主句动作之前 had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生 过去时(be 用 were )发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disapp
43、ointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词( 指现在或将来) 。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。 should + 完成式, 指过去。如：Im very sorry
44、that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from )。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气
45、的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。但是，当 insist 的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说； suggest 的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！14句一般不用虚拟语气。如
46、：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine
47、 that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中，wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from )：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前 (1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生 过去时(be 用 were )发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should
48、+ 原形动词例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。起虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词； 现在 过去时(be 用 were ) 将来 过去时(be 用 were ) 例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！14四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为
