1、1定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。2形式：（以 do 为例）主动语态 被动语态一般时 to do to be done进行时 to be doing完成时 to have done to have been done完成进行时 to have been doing3用法：（1）用作主语：To speak good English is not easy.or: It is not easy to speak good English.（采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an hour to do the work.（2）用作宾语：She decid
2、ed to take the examination.I hope to meet him soon.（3）宾语补足语：They expected us to help them.He wants his son to study hard.金牌重点：不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let.），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made her clean the room.The girl is heard to
3、 sing an English song.（4）用作表语：To teach is to learn.His job is to sell cars.（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：We come to school to study English.（目的）= in order toI hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果）（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of paper.The
4、 poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the house.Have you anything to do?= to do anything4不定式的时态意义：She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）5不定式语态：The d
5、octor wrecommendrecommended/w him to air the room.The doctor recommended the room to be aired.She expects the police to find her bicycle.She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a quest
6、ion.6不定式否定形式：not to do .He got up early in order not to miss the train.测试精编1. Did you find out _ the pie out of oven?A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day.A. putting up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile u
7、p3. We shall set Jim _ the passage.A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles.A. tostay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed5. Madame Curies is believed _ the radium.A. discovering B. having discovered C. to ha
8、ve discovered D. to discover（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦(*_*) 嘻嘻）KEYS1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C1动名词定义：具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语，宾语表语，定语，具有所有格作修饰语。2形式：以 do 为例doing being donehaving done having been done3用法：（1）主语：Saving is easier than doing.His coming here will be a great help.It is no use waiting here, he has left.There is no
9、getting along with him.（简直无法和他相处）（2）表语：His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.Seeing is believing.（3）宾语：a. 动词宾语：He admitted taking the book.I do mind your smoking here.重磅要点：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, sugges
10、t, allow, permit.特注：以 allow 为例：allow + doing sth（动名词作宾语）。但可以：Allow sb to do sth（不定式作宾补）。这类动词常见如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.b. 作介词宾语：He left without saying goodbye to us.Im looking forward to meeting you.（to 在这里是介词）（4）定语：reading room swimming pool walking stick4动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成。Hi
11、s leaving is a great loss.Mother dislikes my (me) working late.Johns having seen her did not make her worried.注：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语是必须是所有格。如上二例，但作宾语时可以用所有格，也可用普通格。5动名词时态：I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.（以后）He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.（以前）6动名词语态：He doesnt like being
12、flattered.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.7动名词与不定式在用法上的几点比较：（1）在 begin，start，continue 等词后用动名词或不定式区别不大。He began writing / to write in 1980.（2）下列动词跟不定式或动名词所表示意义差别很大，注意使用。He stopped talking. 停止讲话。He stopped to talk. 停下来开始讲话。Please remember to post the letter. 记住寄走这封信。I rem
13、ember posting the letter. 我记得寄出了这封信。I forgot to lock the door yesterday. 昨天我忘记锁门了。（未锁）I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了我曾告诉过他这个消息。（做过的事情忘记了）测试精编1.The workers favor _ funds to build the bridge.A. to raise B. raising C. raised D. rising2. No one can avoid _ by ones surroundings.A. to be influenced B.
14、 having influenced C. influencing D. being influenced3. She doesnt feel like _ tonight.A. dancing B. to dance C. dance D. to be4. Does Mr Wang object to _ her the money?A. that we lend B. be lent C. lending D. lend5. I can still recall _ with him many years ago.A. to stay B. to staying C. to have st
15、ayed D. having stayed（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦(*_*) 嘻嘻）KEYS11分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。2分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态 被动语态 主动 过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen 3用法：（1）定语 分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping bab
16、y = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested
17、 in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.Id like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！） If you turn to the left, youll find the station. Turning to the left, youll find th
18、e station. As I didnt receive her letter, I called her up by telephone. Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone. While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend. Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend. When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answe
19、red that she was a heavy smoker. Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。 When school was over, the boys went home. Being over, the boys went home. School being over, the boys went home. As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to d
20、o. My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do. If weather permits, Ill start tomorrow. Weather permitting, Ill start tomorrow.4分词的时态：现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。Entering the room, he saw he. （几乎同时）Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分词动作在前）5语态：现在分词一般时被
21、动表动作正在被进行，完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（渔民先被告知而后驶向港口）测试精编1.The _ news made them _.A. excite / exciting B. exciting / excitedC. exciting / to be excited D. excited / excited2. _ an answe
22、r from the committee, he was worried.A. Having not got B. Getting notC. Not having got D. Having not been got3. _, all the quarrels came to an end.A. The lost money was found B. Was the lost money foundC. Because the lost money found D. With the lost money found4. Many of our dreams _ impossible in
23、the past have come true.A. were considered B. to be consideredC. considering D. considered5. The hall was so noisy for the speaker to make himself _.A. hear B. being heard C. hearing D. heard6. After a whole days heavy work, the old worker returned home, _.A. hungry and exhausted B. hungry and exhaustingC. hungry and being exhausted D. hungry and exhaust（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦(*_*) 嘻嘻）KEYS1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. A. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
